Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
OFFICE OF PIPELINE SAFETY
NEW FORMAT
For future versions of this manual, changes to the regulations will show
highlights for deletions and underline for additions.
*OPS quit numbering their new amendments for a while. For the purposes of tracking, T&Q is
maintaining a numbering system.
195.432 Inspection of in-service breakout 195.561 When must I inspect pipe coating
tanks. used for external corrosion
195.434 Signs. control?
195.436 Security of facilities. 195.563 Which pipelines must have
195.438 Smoking or open flames. cathodic protection?
195.440 Public education. 195.565 How do I install cathodic
195.442 Damage prevention program. protection on breakout tanks?
195.444 CPM leak detection. 195.567 Which pipelines must have test
195.446 Control room management. leads and how do I install and
maintain the leads?
HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS 195.569 Do I have to examine exposed
portions of buried pipelines?
195.450 Definitions. 195.571 What criteria must I use to
determine the adequacy of
cathodic protection?
PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT 195.573 What must I do to monitor
external corrosion control?
195.452 Pipeline integrity management in 195.575 Which facilities must I
high consequence areas. electrically isolate and what
inspections, tests, and safeguards
are required?
Subpart GQualification of Pipeline 195.577 What must I do to alleviate
Personnel interference currents?
195.579 What must I do to mitigate
195.501 Scope. internal corrosion?
195.503 Definitions. 195.581 Which pipelines must I protect
195.505 Qualification Program. against atmospheric corrosion
195.507 Recordkeeping. and what coating material may I
195.509 General. use?
195.583 What must I do to monitor
atmospheric corrosion control?
Subpart HCorrosion Control 195.585 What must I do to correct
corroded pipe?
195.551 What do the regulations in this 195.587 What methods are available to
subpart cover? determine the strength of
195.553 What special definitions apply to corroded pipe?
this subpart? 195.588 What standards apply to direct
195.555 What are the qualifications for assessment?
supervisors? 195.589 What corrosion control
195.557 Which pipelines must have information do I have to
coating for external corrosion maintain?
control?
195.559 What coating material may I use Appendix A Delineation Between Federal
for external corrosion control? and State Jurisdiction-Statement of Agency
Policy and Interpretation.
(b) Excepted. This Part does not apply to and crosses into state waters without first
any of the following: connecting to a transporting operator's
(1) Transportation of a hazardous liquid facility on the OCS. Safety equipment
transported in a gaseous state; protecting PHMSA-regulated pipeline
(2) Transportation of a hazardous liquid segments is not excluded. A producing
through a pipeline by gravity; operator of a segment falling within this
(3) Transportation of a hazardous liquid exception may petition the Administrator,
through any of the following low-stress under 190.9 of this chapter, for approval to
pipelines: operate under PHMSA regulations
(i) A pipeline subject to safety governing pipeline design, construction,
regulations of the U.S. Coast Guard; or operation, and maintenance;
(ii) A pipeline that serves refining, (8) Transportation of hazardous liquid or
manufacturing, or truck, rail, or vessel carbon dioxide through onshore production
terminal facilities, if the pipeline is less than (including flow lines), refining, or
one mile long (measured outside facility manufacturing facilities or storage or in-
grounds) and does not cross an offshore area plant piping systems associated with such
or a waterway currently used for commercial facilities;
navigation; (9) Transportation of hazardous liquid or
(4) Transportation of petroleum through carbon dioxide:
an onshore rural gathering line that does not (i) By vessel, aircraft, tank truck, tank
meet the definition of a regulated rural car, or other non-
gathering line as provided in 195.11. This pipeline mode of transportation; or
exception does not apply to gathering lines (ii) Through facilities located on the
in the inlets of the Gulf of Mexico subject to grounds of a materials transportation
195.413; terminal if the facilities are used exclusively
(5) Transportation of hazardous liquid or to transfer hazardous liquid or carbon
carbon dioxide in an offshore pipeline in dioxide between non-pipeline modes of
state waters where the pipeline is located transportation or between a non-pipeline
upstream from the outlet flange of the mode and a pipeline. These facilities do not
following farthest downstream facility: The include any device and associated piping
facility where hydrocarbons or carbon that are necessary to control pressure in the
dioxide are produced or the facility where pipeline under 195.406(b); or
produced hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide (10) Transportation of carbon dioxide
are first separated, dehydrated, or otherwise downstream from the applicable following
processed; point:
(6) Transportation of hazardous liquid or (i) The inlet of a compressor used in the
carbon dioxide in a pipeline on the OCS injection of carbon dioxide for oil recovery
where the pipeline is located upstream of the operations, or the point where recycled
point at which operating responsibility carbon dioxide enters the injection system,
transfers from a producing operator to a whichever is farther upstream; or
transporting operator; (ii) The connection of the first branch
(7) A pipeline segment upstream pipeline in the production field where the
(generally seaward) of the last valve on the pipeline transports carbon dioxide to an
last production facility on the OCS where a injection well or to a header or manifold
pipeline on the OCS is producer-operated
Control room means an operations of the pipe is less than 12 inches (305
center staffed by personnel charged with the millimeters) below the underwater natural
responsibility for remotely monitoring and bottom (as determined by recognized and
controlling a pipeline facility. generally accepted practices) in water less
than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep, as measured
Controller means a qualified individual from the mean low water.
who remotely monitors and controls the
safety-related operations of a pipeline Highly volatile liquid or HVL means a
facility via a SCADA system from a control hazardous liquid which will form a vapor
room, and who has operational authority and cloud when released to the atmosphere and
accountability for the remote operational which has a vapor pressure exceeding 76
functions of the pipeline facility. kPa (40 psia) at 37.8C (100F).
Maximum operating pressure (MOP) Pipe or line pipe means a tube, usually
means the maximum pressure at which a cylindrical, through which a hazardous
pipeline or segment of a pipeline may be liquid or carbon dioxide flows from one
normally operated under this part. point to another.
Nominal wall thickness means the wall Pipeline or pipeline system means all
thickness listed in the pipe specifications. parts of a pipeline facility through which a
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide moves in
Offshore means beyond the line of transportation, including, but not limited to,
ordinary low water along that portion of the line pipe, valves and other appurtenances
coast of the United States that is in direct connected to line pipe, pumping units,
contact with the open seas and beyond the fabricated assemblies associated with
line marking the seaward limit of inland pumping units, metering and delivery
waters. stations and fabricated assemblies therein,
and breakout tanks.
Operator means a person who owns or
operates pipeline facilities. Pipeline facility means new and existing
pipe, rights-of-way, and any equipment,
Outer Continental Shelf means all facility, or building used in the
submerged lands lying seaward and outside transportation of hazardous liquids or carbon
the area of lands beneath navigable waters as dioxide.
defined in Section 2 of the Submerged
Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301) and of which Production facility means piping or
the subsoil and seabed appertain to the equipment used in the production,
United States and are subject to its extraction, recovery, lifting, stabilization,
jurisdiction and control. separation or treating of petroleum or carbon
dioxide, or associated storage or
Person means any individual, firm, joint measurement. (To be a production facility
venture, partnership, corporation, under this definition, piping or equipment
association, State, municipality, cooperative must be used in the process of extracting
association, or joint stock association, and petroleum or carbon dioxide from the
includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or ground or from facilities where CO2 is
personal representative thereof. produced, and preparing it for transportation
by pipeline. This includes piping between
Petroleum means crude oil, condensate, treatment plants which extract carbon
natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, and dioxide, and facilities utilized for the
liquefied petroleum gas. injection of carbon dioxide for recovery
operations.)
Petroleum product means flammable,
toxic, or corrosive products obtained from Rural area means outside the limits of
distilling and processing of crude oil, any incorporated or unincorporated city,
unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, blend town, village, or any other designated
stocks and other miscellaneous hydrocarbon residential or commercial area such as a
compounds. subdivision, a business or shopping center,
or community development.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by Amdt. 195-14, 43 FR 18553, May 1, 1978;
Amdt. 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973; Amdt. 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981;
Amdt. 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
Amdt. 195-32, 49 FR 36859, Sep. 20, 1984; 195.5 Conversion to service subject to this
Amdt. 195-37, 51 FR 15333, Apr. 23. 1986; part.
Amdt. 195-40, 54 FR 5625, Feb. 6. 1989;
Amdt. 195-41, 54 FR 22781, July 3, 1989; (a) A steel pipeline previously used in
Amdt. 195-43, 54 FR 32344, Aug. 7, 1989; service not subject to this part qualifies for
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; use under this part if the operator prepares
Amdt. 195-48, 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993; and follows a written procedure to
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994; accomplish the following:
Amdt. 195-56, 61 FR 26121, May, 24, 1996; (1) The design, construction, operation,
Amdt. 195-56A, 61 FR 36825, July 15, and maintenance history of the pipeline must
1996; Amdt. 195-61, 63 FR 7721, Feb. 17, be reviewed and, where sufficient historical
1998; Amdt. 195-62, 63 FR 36373, July 6, records are not available, appropriate tests
1998; Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, must be performed to determine if the
1999; Amdt. 195-66A, 65 FR 4770, Feb. 1, pipeline is in satisfactory condition for safe
2000; Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, operation. If one or more of the variables
2002; Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, necessary to verify the design pressure under
2004; Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 28833, May 19, 195.106 or to perform the testing under
2005; Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25, paragraph (a) (4) of this section is unknown,
2005; Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402, June 9, the design pressure may be verified and the
2006; Amdt. 195-[88], 73 FR 16562, Mar. maximum operating pressure determine by-
28, 2008; Amdt. 195-[90], 74 FR 2889, (i) Testing the pipeline in accordance
January 16, 2009; Amdt. 195-[91], 74 FR with ASME B31.8, Appendix N, to produce
17099, April 14, 2009; Amdt. 195-93, 74 FR a stress equal to the yield strength; and
63310, Dec. 3, 2009] Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR (ii) Applying, to not more than 80
48593, August 11, 2010] percent of the first pressure that produces a
yielding, the design factor F in 195.106(a)
and the appropriate factors in 195.106(e).
195.4 Compatibility necessary for (2) The pipeline right-of-way, all
transportation of hazardous liquids or aboveground segments of the pipeline, and
carbon dioxide. appropriately selected underground
segments must be visually inspected for
No person may transport any hazardous physical defects and operating conditions
liquid or carbon dioxide unless the which reasonably could be expected to
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide is impair the strength or tightness of the
chemically compatible with both the pipeline.
pipeline, including all components, and any (3) All known unsafe defects and
other commodity that it may come into conditions must be corrected in accordance
contact with while in the pipeline. with this part.
(4) The pipeline must be tested in
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by accordance with subpart E of this part to
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; substantiate the maximum operating
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991] pressure permitted by 195.406.
(b) A pipeline that qualifies for use
under this section need not comply with the
corrosion control requirements of subpart H
of this part until 12 months after it is placed (1) An area containing a critically
into service, notwithstanding any previous imperiled species or ecological community;
deadlines for compliance. (2) A multi-species assemblage area;
(c) Each operator must keep for the life (3) A migratory waterbird concentration
of the pipeline a record of the investigations, area;
tests, repairs, replacements, and alterations (4) An area containing an imperiled
made under the requirements of paragraph species, threatened or endangered species,
(a) of this section. depleted marine mammal species, or an
imperiled ecological community where the
[Amdt. 195-13, 43 FR 6786, Feb. 16, 1979 species or community is aquatic, aquatic
as amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, dependent, or terrestrial with a limited
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, range; or
June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, (5) An area containing an imperiled
Dec. 27, 2002] species, threatened or endangered species,
depleted marine mammal species, or
imperiled ecological community where the
195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs). species or community occurrence is
considered to be one of the most viable,
As used in this part, a USA means a highest quality, or in the best condition, as
drinking water or ecological resource area identified by an element occurrence ranking
that is unusually sensitive to environmental (EORANK) of A (excellent quality) or B
damage from a hazardous liquid pipeline (good quality).
release. (c) As used in this part--
(a) An USA drinking water resource is: Adequate Alternative Drinking Water
(1) The water intake for a Community Source means a source of water that
Water System (CWS) or a Non- currently exists, can be used almost
transient Non-community Water System immediately with a minimal amount of
(NTNCWS) that obtains its water supply effort and cost, involves no decline in water
primarily from a surface water source and quality, and will meet the consumptive,
does not have an adequate alternative hygiene, and fire fighting requirements of
drinking water source; the existing population of impacted
(2) The Source Water Protection Area customers for at least one month for a
(SWPA) for a CWS or a NTNCWS that surface water source of water and at least six
obtains its water supply from a Class I or months for a groundwater source.
Class IIA aquifer and does not have an Aquatic or Aquatic Dependent Species
adequate alternative drinking water source. or Community means a species or
Where a state has not yet identified the community that primarily occurs in aquatic,
SWPA, the Wellhead Protection Area marine, or wetland habitats, as well as
(WHPA) will be used until the state has species that may use terrestrial habitats
identified the SWPA; or during all or some portion of their life cycle,
(3) The sole source aquifer recharge area but that are still closely associated with or
where the sole source aquifer is a karst dependent upon aquatic, marine, or wetland
aquifer in nature. habitats for some critical component or
(b) An USA ecological resource is: portion of their life-history (i.e.,
Protection Agency under the Sole Source or a significant portion of its range (16
Aquifer program as the sole or principal U.S.C. 1532).
source of drinking water for an area. Such Transient Non-community Water System
designations are made if the aquifer's ground (TNCWS) means a public water system that
water supplies 50% or more of the drinking does not regularly serve at least 25 of the
water for an area, and if that aquifer were to same persons over six months per year. This
become contaminated, it would pose a type of water system serves a transient
public health hazard. A sole source aquifer population found at rest stops, campgrounds,
that is karst in nature is one composed of restaurants, and parks with their own source
limestone where the porosity is derived from of water.
connected solution cavities. They are often Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA)
cavernous, with high rates of flow. means the surface and subsurface area
Source Water Protection Area (SWPA) surrounding a well or well field that supplies
means the area delineated by the state for a a public water system through which
public water supply system (PWS) or contaminants are likely to pass and
including numerous PWSs, whether the eventually reach the water well or well field.
source is ground water or surface water or Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve
both, as part of the state source water Network (WHSRN) site means an area that
assessment program (SWAP) approved by contains migratory shorebird concentrations
EPA under section 1453 of the Safe and has been designated as a hemispheric
Drinking Water Act. reserve, international reserve, regional
Species means species, subspecies, reserve, or endangered species reserve.
population stocks, or distinct vertebrate Hemispheric reserves host at least 500,000
populations. shorebirds annually or 30% of a species
Terrestrial ecological community with a flyway population. International reserves
limited range means a non-aquatic or non- host 100,000 shorebirds annually or 15% of
aquatic dependent ecological community a species flyway population. Regional
that covers less than five (5) acres. reserves host 20,000 shorebirds annually or
Terrestrial species with a limited range 5% of a species flyway population.
means a non-aquatic or non-aquatic Endangered species reserves are critical to
dependent animal or plant species that has a the survival of endangered species and no
range of no more than five (5) acres. minimum number of birds is required.
Threatened and endangered species
(T&E) means an animal or plant species that [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
has been listed and is protected under the Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970;
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Amdt. 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973;
amended (ESA73) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Amdt. 195-71, 65 FR 80530, Dec. 21, 2000]
Endangered species is defined as any
species which is in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of its 195.8 Transportation of hazardous
range (16 U.S.C. 1532). Threatened liquid or carbon dioxide in pipelines
species is defined as any species which is constructed with other than steel pipe.
likely to become an endangered species
within the foreseeable future throughout all No person may transport any hazardous
liquid or carbon dioxide through a pipe that
is constructed after October 1, 1970, for point. If a transfer point is located subsea,
hazardous liquids or after July 12, 1991 for the operator must identify the transfer point
carbon dioxide of material other than steel on a schematic which must be maintained at
unless the person has notified the the nearest upstream facility and provided to
Administrator in writing at least 90 days PHMSA upon request. For those cases in
before the transportation is to begin. The which adjoining operators have not agreed
notice must state whether carbon dioxide or on a transfer point by September 15, 1998
a hazardous liquid is to be transported and the Regional Director and the MMS
the chemical name, common name, Regional Supervisor will make a joint
properties, and characteristics of the determination of the transfer point.
hazardous liquid to be transported and the
material used in construction of the pipeline. [Amdt. 195-59, 62 FR 61692, Nov. 19,
If the Administrator determines that the 1997; 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005]
transportation of the hazardous liquid or
carbon dioxide in the manner proposed
would be unduly hazardous, he will, within 195.10 Responsibility of operator for
90 days after receipt of the notice, order the compliance with this part.
person that gave the notice, in writing, not to
transport the hazardous liquid or carbon An operator may make arrangements
dioxide in the proposed manner until further with another person for the performance of
notice. any action required by this part. However,
the operator is not thereby relieved from the
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by responsibility for compliance with any
Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970; requirement of this part.
Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969]
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991,
Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994]
195.11 What is a regulated rural
gathering line and what requirements
195.9 Outer continental shelf pipelines. apply?
affected segment within 6 months of (i) A stress level equal to or less than 20-
identification. For steel pipelines, comply percent of the specified minimum yield
with the deadlines in paragraph (b)(9) and strength of the line pipe; or
(b)(10). (ii) If the stress level is unknown or the
(d) Record Retention. An operator must pipeline is not constructed with steel pipe, a
maintain records demonstrating compliance pressure equal to or less than 125 psi (861
with each requirement according to the kPa) gage.
following schedule. (b) Requirements. An operator of a
(1) An operator must maintain the pipeline meeting the criteria in paragraph (a)
segment identification records required in of this section must comply with the
paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the following safety requirements and
records required to comply with (b)(10) of compliance deadlines.
this section, for the life of the pipe. (1) Identify all segments of pipeline
(2) An operator must maintain the meeting the criteria in paragraph (a) of this
records necessary to demonstrate section before April 3, 2009.
compliance with each requirement in (2) Beginning no later than January 3,
paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(9), and (b)(11) 2009, comply with the reporting
of this section according to the record requirements of subpart B for the identified
retention requirements of the referenced segments.
section or subpart. (3)(i) Establish a written program in
[Amdt. 195-[89], 73 FR 31634, June 3, compliance with 195.452 before July 3,
2008] 2009, to assure the integrity of the low-stress
pipeline segments. Continue to carry out
such program in compliance with 195.452.
195.12 What requirements apply to low- (ii) To carry out the integrity
stress pipelines in rural areas? management requirements in 195.452, an
operator may conduct a determination per
(a) General. This section does not apply 195.452(a) in lieu of the half mile buffer.
to a rural low-stress pipeline regulated under (iii) Complete the baseline assessment of
this part as a low-stress pipeline that crosses all segments in accordance with 195.452(c)
a waterway currently used for commercial before July 3, 2015, and complete at least
navigation. An operator of a rural low-stress 50-percent of the assessments, beginning
pipeline meeting the following criteria must with the highest risk pipe, before January 3,
comply with the safety requirements 2012.
described in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Comply with all other safety
The pipeline: requirements of this part, except subpart H,
(1) Has a nominal diameter of 8 inches before July 3, 2009. Comply with subpart H
(219.1 mm) or more; before July 3, 2011.
(2) Is located in or within a half mile (c) Economic compliance burden. (1) An
(.80 km) of an unusually sensitive area operator may notify PHMSA in accordance
(USA) as defined in 195.6; and with 195.452(m) of a situation meeting the
(3) Operates at a maximum pressure following criteria:
established under 195.406 corresponding (i) The pipeline meets the criteria in
to: paragraph (a) of this section;
(ii) The pipeline carries crude oil from a this part before July 3, 2009. Comply with
production facility; subpart H before July 3, 2011.
(iii) The pipeline, when in operation, (2) Establish the program required in
operates at a flow rate less than or equal to paragraph (b)(2)(i) within 12 months
14,000 barrels per day; and following the date the area is identified.
(iv) The operator determines it would Continue to carry out such program in
abandon or shut-down the pipeline as a compliance with 195.452; and
result of the economic burden to comply (3) Complete the baseline assessment
with the assessment requirements in required by paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this
195.452(d) or 195.452(j). section according to the schedule in
(2) A notification submitted under this 195.452(d)(3).
provision must include, at minimum, the (ed) Record Retention. An operator must
following information about the pipeline: Its maintain records demonstrating compliance
operating, maintenance and leak history; the with each requirement according to the
estimated cost to comply with the integrity following schedule.
assessment requirements (with a brief (1) An operator must maintain the
description of the basis for the estimate); the segment identification records required in
estimated amount of production from paragraph (b)(1) of this section for the life of
affected wells per year, whether wells will the pipe.
be shut in or alternate transportation used, (2) An operator must maintain the
and if alternate transportation will be used, records necessary to demonstrate
the estimated cost to do so. compliance with each requirement in
(3) When an operator notifies PHMSA paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(4) of this
in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section according to the record retention
section, PHMSA will stay compliant with requirements of the referenced section or
195.452(d) and 195.452(j)(3) until it has subpart.
completed an analysis of the notification.
PHMSA will consult the Department of (a) General. This Section sets forth the
Energy (DOE), as appropriate, to help requirements for each category of low-stress
analyze the potential energy impact of loss pipeline in a rural area set forth in paragraph
of the pipeline. Based on the analysis, (b) of this Section. This Section does not
PHMSA may grant the operator a special apply to a rural low-stress pipeline regulated
permit to allow continued operation of the under this Part as a low-stress pipeline that
pipeline subject to alternative safety crosses a waterway currently used for
requirements. commercial navigation; these pipelines are
(d) New unusually sensitive areas. If, regulated pursuant to 195.1(a)(2).
after July 3, 2008, an operator identifies a (b) Categories. An operator of a rural
new unusually sensitive area and a segment low-stress pipeline must meet the applicable
of pipeline meets the criteria in paragraph requirements and compliance deadlines for
(a) of this section, the operator must take the the category of pipeline set forth in
following actions: paragraph (c) of this Section. For purposes
(1) Except for paragraph (b)(2) of this of this Section, a rural low-stress pipeline is
section and the requirements of subpart H, a Category 1, 2, or 3 pipeline based on the
comply with all other safety requirements of following criteria:
(1) A Category 1 rural low-stress (iii) If the stress level is unknown or the
pipeline: pipeline is not constructed with steel pipe, a
(i) Has a nominal diameter of 88/5 inches pressure equal to or less than 125 psi (861
(219.1 mm) or more; kPa) gage.
(ii) Is located in or within one-half mile (c) Applicable requirements and
(.80 km) of an unusually sensitive area deadlines for compliance. An operator must
(USA) as defined in 195.6; and comply with the following compliance dates
(iii) Operates at a maximum pressure depending on the category of pipeline
established under 195.406 corresponding determined by the criteria in paragraph (b):
to: (1) An operator of a Category 1 pipeline
(A) A stress level equal to or less than must:
20-percent of the specified minimum yield (i) Identify all segments of pipeline
strength of the line pipe; or meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(1) of
(B) If the stress level is unknown or the this Section before April 3, 2009.
pipeline is not constructed with steel pipe, a (ii) Beginning no later than January 3,
pressure equal to or less than 125 psi (861 2009, comply with the reporting
kPa) gauge. requirements of Subpart B for the identified
(2) A Category 2 rural pipeline: segments.
(i) Has a nominal diameter of less than (iii) IM requirements--
8/5
8 inches (219.1mm); (A) Establish a written program that
(ii) Is located in or within one-half mile complies with 195.452 before July 3, 2009,
(.80 km) of an unusually sensitive area to assure the integrity of the pipeline
(USA) as defined in 195.6; and segments. Continue to carry out such
(iii) Operates at a maximum pressure program in compliance with 195.452.
established under 195.406 corresponding (B) An operator may conduct a
to: determination per 195.452(a) in lieu of the
(A) A stress level equal to or less than one-half mile buffer.
20-percent of the specified minimum yield (C) Complete the baseline assessment of
strength of the line pipe; or all segments in accordance with 195.452(c)
(B) If the stress level is unknown or the before July 3, 2015, and complete at least
pipeline is not constructed with steel pipe, a 50-
pressure equal to or less than 125 psi (861 percent of the assessments, beginning with
kPa) gage. the highest risk pipe, before January 3, 2012.
(3) A Category 3 rural low-stress (iv) Comply with all other safety
pipeline: requirements of this Part, except Subpart H,
(i) Has a nominal diameter of any size before July 3, 2009. Comply with the
and is not located in or within one-half mile requirements of Subpart H before July 3,
(.80 km) of an unusually sensitive area 2011.
(USA) as defined in 195.6; and (2) An operator of a Category 2 pipeline
(ii) Operates at a maximum pressure must:
established under 195.406 corresponding to (i) Identify all segments of pipeline
a stress level equal to or less than 20-percent meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(2) of
of the specified minimum yield strength of this Section before July 1, 2012.
the line pipe; or (ii) Beginning no later than January 3,
2009, comply with the reporting
requirements of Subpart B for the identified (iii) The pipeline, when in operation,
segments. operates at a flow rate less than or equal to
(iii) IM-- 14,000 barrels per day; and
(A) Establish a written IM program that (iv) The operator determines it would
complies with 195.452 before October 1, abandon or shut-down the pipeline as a
2012 to assure the integrity of the pipeline result of the economic burden to comply
segments. Continue to carry out such with the assessment requirements in
program in compliance with 195.452. 195.452(d) or 195.452(j).
(B) An operator may conduct a (2) A notification submitted under this
determination per 195.452(a) in lieu of the provision must include, at minimum, the
one-half mile buffer. following information about the pipeline: its
(C) Complete the baseline assessment of operating, maintenance and leak history; the
all segments in accordance with 195.452(c) estimated cost to comply with the integrity
before October 1, 2016 and complete at least assessment requirements (with a brief
50- description of the basis for the estimate); the
percent of the assessments, beginning with estimated amount of production from
the highest risk pipe, before April 1, 2014. affected wells per year, whether wells will
(iv) Comply with all other safety be shut in or alternate transportation used,
requirements of this Part, except Subpart H, and if alternate transportation will be used,
before October 1, 2012. Comply with the estimated cost to do so.
Subpart H of this Part before October 1, (3) When an operator notifies PHMSA
2014. in accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this
(3) An operator of a Category 3 pipeline Section, PHMSA will stay compliance with
must: 195.452(d) and 195.452(j)(3) until it has
(i) Identify all segments of pipeline completed an analysis of the notification.
meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(3) of PHMSA will consult the Department of
this Section before July 1, 20112. Energy, as appropriate, to help analyze the
(ii) Beginning no later than January 3, potential energy impact of loss of the
2009, comply with the reporting pipeline. Based on the analysis, PHMSA
requirements of Subpart B for the identified may grant the operator a special permit to
segments. allow continued operation of the pipeline
(A)(iii) Comply with all safety subject to alternative safety requirements.
requirements of this Part, except the (e) Changes in unusually sensitive areas.
requirements in 195.452, Subpart B, and (1) If, after June 3, 2008, for Category 1
the requirements in Subpart H, before rural low-stress pipelines or October 1, 2011
October 1, 2012. Comply with Subpart H of for Category 2 rural low-stress pipelines, an
this Part before October 1, 2014. operator identifies a new USA that causes a
(d) Economic compliance burden. segment of pipeline to meet the criteria in
(1) An operator may notify PHMSA in paragraph (b) of this Section as a Category 1
accordance with 195.452(m) of a situation or Category 2 rural low-stress pipeline, the
meeting the following criteria: operator must:
(i) The pipeline is a Category 1 rural (i) Comply with the IM program
low-stress pipeline; requirement in paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) or
(ii) The pipeline carries crude oil from a (c)(2)(iii)(A) of this Section, as appropriate,
production facility; within 12 months following the date the area
(e) Estimated property damage, (5) In the judgment of the operator was
including cost of clean-up and recovery, significant even though it did not meet the
value of lost product, and damage to the criteria of any other paragraph of this
property of the operator or others, or both, section.
exceeding $50,000. (b) Reports made under paragraph (a) of
this section are made by telephone to 800-
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by 424-8802 (in Washington, DC 20590-0001:
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; (202) 372-2428267-2675) and must include
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981, the following information:
Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988; (b) Information required. Each notice
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; required by paragraph (a) of this section
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994; must be made to the National Response
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998; Center either by telephone to 800-424-8802
Amdt. 195-75, 67 FR 831, Jan. 8, 2002; (in Washington, DC, 202-267-2675) or
Amdt. 195-75a, 67 FR 6436, Feb. 12, 2002] electronically at http://www.nrc.uscg.mil and
must include the following information:
(a) Each report of a safety-related [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
condition under 195.55(a) must be filed Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(received by the Administrator) in writing Amdt 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985;
within 5 working days (not including Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988;
Saturdays, Sundays, or Federal holidays) Amdt. 195-39C, 53 FR 36942, Sept. 22,
after the day a representative of the operator 1988; Amdt. 195-42, 54 FR 32342, Aug. 7,
first determines that the condition exists, but 1989; Amdt. 195-44, 54 FR 40878, Oct. 4,
not later than 10 working days after the day 1989; Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12,
a representative of the operator discovers the 1994; Amdt. 195-61, 63 FR 7721, Feb. 17,
condition. Separate conditions may be 1998]
described in a single report if they are
closely related. To file a report by facsimile
(fax), dial (202) 366-7128. 195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condition
(b) The report must be headed "Safety- reports.
Related Condition Report" and provide the
following information: (a) Each operator shall, within 60 days
(1) Name and principal address of after completion of the inspection of all its
operator. underwater pipelines subject to 195.413(a),
(2) Date of report. report the following information:
(3) Name, job title, and business (1) Name and principal address of
telephone number of person submitting the operator.
report. (2) Date of report.
(4) Name, job title, and business (3) Name, job title, and business
telephone number of person who determined telephone number of person submitting the
that the condition exists. report.
(5) Date condition was discovered and (4) Total number of miles (kilometers)
date condition was first determined to exist. of pipeline inspected.
60101 et seq.) may be submitted in duplicate NPMS Standards, please refer to the NPMS
to that State agency if the regulations of that homepage at www.npms PHMSA.dot.gov or
agency require submission of these reports contact the NPMS National Repository at
and provide for further transmittal of one 703-317-3073. A digital data format is
copy within 10 days of receipt to the preferred, but hard copy submissions are
Information Resources Manager. Safety- acceptable if they comply with the NPMS
related condition reports required by Standards. In addition to the NPMS-required
195.55 for intrastate pipelines must be attributes, operators must submit the date of
submitted concurrently to the State agency, abandonment, diameter, method of
and if that agency acts as an agent of the abandonment, and certification that, to the
Secretary with respect to interstate pipelines, best of the operator's knowledge, all of the
safety-related condition reports for these reasonably available information requested
pipelines must be submitted concurrently to was provided and, to the best of the
that agency. operator's knowledge, the abandonment was
completed in accordance with applicable
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by laws. Refer to the NPMS Standards for
Amdt 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973; details in preparing your data for
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981, submission. The NPMS Standards also
Amdt. 195-23, 47 FR 32719, July 29, 1982; include details of how to submit data.
Amdt 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985; Alternatively, operators may submit reports
Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988; by mail, fax or e-mail to the Office of
Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994; Pipeline Safety, Pipeline Hazardous
Amdt. 195-55, 61 FR 18512, Apr. 26, 1996; Materials Safety Administration,
Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, 2004; Department of Transportation, Information
70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt. 195-[90], Resources Manager, PHP-10, 1200 New
74 FR 2889, January 16, 2009;Amdt. 195- Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC
95, 75 FR 72878, Nov 26, 2010] 20590-0001; fax (202) 366-4566; e-mail,
InformationResourcesManager@PHMSA.d
ot.gov''. The information in the report must
195.59 Abandoned underwater facilities contain all reasonably available information
report. related to the facility, including information
in the possession of a third party. The report
For each abandoned offshore pipeline must contain the location, size, date, method
facility or each abandoned onshore pipeline of abandonment, and a certification that the
facility that crosses over, under or through a facility has been abandoned in accordance
commercially navigable waterway, the last with all applicable laws.
operator of that facility must file a report (b) [Reserved].
upon abandonment of that facility.
(a) The preferred method to submit data [Amdt. 195-69, 65 FR 54440, Sept. 8, 2000
on pipeline facilities abandoned after as amended by 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005;
October 10, 2000 is to the National Pipeline Amdt. 195-86c, 72 FR 4655, February 1,
Mapping System (NPMS) in accordance 2007; Amdt. 195-[88], 73 FR 16562, Mar.
with the NPMS Standards for Pipeline and 28, 2008; Amdt. 195-[90], 74 FR 2889,
Liquefied Natural Gas Operator January 16, 2009]
Submissions. To obtain a copy of the
than 1.11 times the smallest measurement [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
taken on pipe that is 20 inches (508 mm) or Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
more in nominal outside diameter. Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
(d) The minimum wall thickness of the Amdt 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981;
pipe may not be less than 87.5 percent of the Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
value used for nominal wall thickness in Amdt. 195-30, 49 FR 7567, Mar. 1, 1984;
determining the internal design pressure Amdt. 195-37, 51 FR 15333, Apr. 23, 1986;
under paragraph (a) of this section. In Amdt. 195-40, 54 FR 5625, Feb. 6, 1989;
addition, the anticipated external loads and Amdt. 195-48, 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993;
external pressures that are concurrent with Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994;
internal pressure must be considered in Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994;
accordance with 195.108 and 195.110 Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
and, after determining the internal design
pressure, the nominal wall thickness must be
increased as necessary to compensate for 195.108 External pressure.
these concurrent loads and pressures.
(e) The seam joint factor used in Any external pressure that will be
paragraph (a) of this section is determined in exerted on the pipe must be provided for in
accordance with the following table: designing a pipeline system.
A carbon dioxide pipeline system must Any used pipe installed in a pipeline
be designed to mitigate the effects of system must comply with 195.112 (a) and
fracture propagation. (b) and the following:
(a) The pipe must be of a known
[Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, specification and the seam joint factor must
1991] be determined in accordance with
195.106(e). If the specified minimum yield
strength or the wall thickness is not known,
195.112 New pipe. it is determined in accordance with 195.106
(b) or (c) as appropriate.
Any new pipe installed in a pipeline (b) There may not be any:
system must comply with the following: (1) Buckles;
(a) The pipe must be made of steel of the (2) Cracks, grooves, gouges, dents, or
carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy type other surface defects that exceed the
that is able to withstand the internal maximum depth of such a defect permitted
pressures and external loads and pressures by the specification to which the pipe was
anticipated for the pipeline system. manufactured; or
(b) The pipe must be made in accordance (3) Corroded areas where the remaining
with a written pipe specification that sets wall thickness is less than the minimum
forth the chemical requirements for the pipe thickness required by the tolerances in the
steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to specification to which the pipe was
provide pipe suitable for the use intended. manufactured.
(c) Each length of pipe with a nominal However, pipe that does not meet the
outside diameter of 4 in (114.3 mm) or requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this
more must be marked on the pipe or pipe section may be used if the operating pressure
coating with the specification to which it is reduced to be commensurate with the
was made, the specified minimum yield remaining wall thickness.
strength or grade, and the pipe size. The
marking must be applied in a manner that [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
does not damage the pipe or pipe coating Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
and must remain visible until the pipe is Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
installed.
compatible with the pipe or fittings to which ASME/ANSI B16.9 or MSS Standard
the valve is attached. Practice SP-75.
(c) Each part of the valve that will be in (b) There may not be any buckles, dents,
contact with the carbon dioxide or hazardous cracks, gouges, or other defects in the fitting
liquid stream must be made of materials that that might reduce the strength of the fitting.
are compatible with carbon dioxide or each (c) The fitting must be suitable for the
hazardous liquid that it is anticipated will intended service and be at least as strong as
flow through the pipeline system. the pipe and other fittings in the pipeline
(d) Each valve must be both system to which it is attached.
hydrostatically shell tested and
hydrostatically seat tested without leakage to [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
at least the requirements set forth in Section Amdt 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976;
110 of API Standard 6D (incorporated by Amdt 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981;
reference, see 195.3). Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(e) Each valve other than a check valve 47 FR 32721, July 29, 1982, Amdt. 195-48,
must be equipped with a means for clearly 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993 Amdt. 195-94,
indicating the position of the valve (open, 75 FR 48593, August 11, 2010]
closed, etc.).
(f) Each valve must be marked on the
body or the nameplate, with at least the 195.120 Passage of internal inspection
following: devices.
(1) Manufacturer's name or trademark.
(2) Class designation or the maximum (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)
working pressure to which the valve may be and (c) of this section, each new pipeline
subjected. and each line section of a pipeline where the
(3) Body material designation (the end line pipe, valve, fitting or other line
connection material, if more than one type is component is replaced, must be designed
used). and constructed to accommodate the passage
(4) Nominal valve size. of instrumented internal inspection devices.
(b) This section does not apply to:
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by (1) Manifolds;
Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970; (2) Station piping such as at pump
Amdt 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976; stations, meter stations, or pressure reducing
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; stations;
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; (3) Piping associated with tank farms
Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402, June 9, 2006; and other storage facilities;
Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR 48593, August 11, (4) Cross-overs;
2010] (5) Sizes of pipe for which an
instrumented internal inspection device is
not commercially available;
195.118 Fittings. (6) Offshore pipelines, other than main
lines 10 inches (254 millimeters) or greater
(a) Butt-welding type fittings must meet in nominal diameter, that transport liquids to
the marking, end preparation, and the onshore facilities; and,
bursting strength requirements of
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by Each fabricated assembly to be installed
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981] in a pipeline system must meet the
applicable requirements of this subpart.
(2) With personnel that have been [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
trained in the established procedures and in Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970;
the use of the equipment employed in the Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
testing. Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(c) Procedures for the proper Amdt. 195-26, 48 FR 9013, Mar. 3, 1983;
interpretation of each weld inspection must Amdt. 195-35, 50 FR 37191, Sep. 12, 1985;
be established to ensure the acceptability of Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994]
the weld under 195.228.
(d) During construction, at least 10
percent of the girth welds made by each 195.246 Installation of pipe in a ditch.
welder during each welding day must be
nondestructively tested over the entire (a) All pipe installed in a ditch must be
circumference of the weld. installed in a manner that minimized the
(e) All girth welds installed each day in introduction of secondary stresses and the
the following locations must be possibility of damage to the pipe.
nondestructively tested over their entire (b) Except for pipe in the Gulf of
circumference, except that when Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15
nondestructive testing is impracticable for a feet deep, all offshore pipe in water at least
girth weld, it need not be tested if the 12 feet deep (3.7 meters) but not more than
number of girth welds for which testing is 200 feet deep (61 meters) deep as measured
impracticable does not exceed 10 percent of from the mean low water must be installed
the girth welds installed that day: so that the top of the pipe is below the
(1) At any onshore location where a loss underwater natural bottom (as determined by
of hazardous liquid could reasonably be recognized and generally accepted practices)
expected to pollute any stream, river, lake, unless the pipe is supported by stanchions
reservoir, or other body of water, and any held in place by anchors or heavy concrete
offshore area; coating or protected by an equivalent means.
(2) Within railroad or public road rights-
of-way; [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(3) At overhead road crossings and Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
within tunnels; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(4) Within the limits of any incorporated Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994;
subdivision of a State government; and, Amdt. 195-82, 69 FR 48400, Aug. 10, 2004]
(5) Within populated areas, including,
but not limited to, residential subdivisions,
shopping centers, schools, designated 195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.
commercial areas, industrial facilities, public
institutions, and places of public assembly. (a) Unless specifically exempted in this
(f) When installing used pipe, 100 subpart, all pipe must be buried so that it is
percent of the old girth welds must be below the level of cultivation. Except as
nondestructively tested. provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the
(g) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie-ins pipe must be installed so that the cover
of replacement sections, 100 percent of the between the top of the pipe and the ground
girth welds must be nondestructively tested. level, road bed, river bottom, or underwater
natural bottom (as determined by recognized
and generally accepted practices), as [Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
applicable, complies with the following 47 FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by
table: Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994;
59 FR 36256, July 15, 1994; Amdt. 195-63,
Cover (inches) 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195-82,
(millimeters) 69 FR 48400, Aug. 10, 2004]
Location For normal For rock
excavation excavation 1
Industrial, 36 (914) 30 (762)
commercial, and 195.250 Clearance between pipe and
residential areas underground structures.
Crossings of inland 48 (1219) 18 (457)
bodies of water with Any pipe installed underground must
a width of at least have at least 12 inches (305 millimeters) of
100 ft (30 m) from
high water mark to clearance between the outside of the pipe
high water mark and the extremity of any other underground
Drainage ditches at 36 (914) 36 (914) structure, except that for drainage tile the
public roads and minimum clearance may be less than 12
railroads inches (305 millimeters) but not less than 2
Deepwater port 48 (1219) 24 (610)
safety zone
inches (51 millimeters). However, where 12
Gulf of Mexico and 36 (914) 18 (457) inches (305 millimeters) of clearance is
its inlets in waters impracticable, the clearance may be reduce
less than 15 feet (4.6 if adequate provisions are made for
meters) deep as corrosion control.
measured from mean
low water
Other offshore areas 36 (914) 18 (457) [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
under water less than Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
12 ft (3.7 meters) Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
deep as measured
from mean low water
Any other area 30 (762) 18 (457)
195.252 Backfilling.
1
Rock excavation is any excavation that requires
blasting or removal by equivalent means. When a ditch for a pipeline is backfilled,
it must be backfilled in a manner that:
(b) Except for the Gulf of Mexico and its (a) Provides firm support under the pipe;
inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) and
deep, less cover than the minimum required (b) Prevents damage to the pipe and pipe
by paragraph (a) of this section and coating from equipment or from the backfill
195.210 may be used if material.
(1) It is impracticable to comply with the
minimum cover requirements; and [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(2) Additional protection is provided that Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
is equivalent to the minimum required Amdt. 195-79, 68 FR 53526, Sept. 11, 2003]
cover.
(a) Each valve must be installed in a [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
location that is accessible to authorized Amdt 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973;
employees and that is protected from Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
damage or tampering. Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(b) Each submerged valve located Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994;
offshore or in inland navigable waters must Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
be marked, or located by conventional
survey techniques, to facilitate quick
location when operation of the valve is
required.
(1) Normal/emergency relief venting (a) The total number of girth welds and
installed on atmospheric pressure tanks built the number nondestructively tested,
to API Specification 12F (incorporated by including the number rejected and the
reference, see 195.3) must be in accordance disposition of each rejected weld.
with Section 4, and Appendices B and C, of (b) The amount, location, and cover of
API Specification 12F (incorporated by each size of pipe installed.
reference, see 195.3). (c) The location of each crossing of
(2) Normal/emergency relief venting another pipeline.
installed on atmospheric pressure tanks (d) The location of each buried utility
(such as those built to API Standard 650 or crossing.
its predecessor Standard 12C) must be in (e) The location of each overhead
accordance with API Standard 2000 crossing.
(incorporated by reference, see 195.3). (f) The location of each valve and
(3) Pressure-relieving and emergency corrosion test station.
vacuum-relieving devices installed on low
pressure tanks built to API Standard [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(incorporated by reference, see 195.3) must Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
be in accordance with section 9 of API Amdt. 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985]
Standard 620 (incorporated by reference, see
195.3) and its references to the normal and
emergency venting requirements in API
Standard 2000 (incorporated by reference,
see 195.3).
(4) Pressure and vacuum-relieving
devices installed on high pressure tanks built
to API Standard 2510 (incorporated by
reference, see 195.3)must be in accordance
with sections 7 or 11 of API Standard 2510
(incorporated by reference, see 195.3).
[Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as (iii) Low risk if an area is not high or
amended by Amdt. 195-17, 45 FR 59161, medium risk.
Sept. 8, 1980; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, (2) The product indicator is1
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895, (i) High risk if the product transported is
Apr. 23, 1985; Amdt. 195-33C, 50 FR highly toxic or is both highly volatile and
38659, Sept. 24; 1985; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR flammable;
29379, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-51B, 61 FR (ii) Medium risk if the product
43026, Aug. 20, 1996, Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR transported is flammable with a flashpoint of
35465, July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195-58, 62 FR less than 100 deg. F, but not highly volatile;
54591, Oct. 21, 1997; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR or
37500, July 13, 1998, Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR (iii) Low risk if the product transported
59475, Nov. 4, 1998] is not high or medium risk.
(3) The volume indicator is
(i) High risk if the line is at least 18
195.303 Risk-based alternative to inches in nominal diameter;
pressure testing older hazardous liquid (ii) Medium risk if the line is at least 10
and carbon dioxide pipelines. inches, but less than 18 inches, in nominal
diameter; or
(a) An operator may elect to follow a (iii) Low risk if the line is not high or
program for testing a pipeline on risk-based medium risk.
criteria as an alternative to the pressure (4) The probability of failure indicator
testing in 195.302(b)(1)(i)-(iii) and is
195.302(b)(2)(i) of this subpart. Appendix (i) High risk if the segment has
B provides guidance on how this program experienced more than three failures in the
will work. An operator electing such a last 10 years due to time-dependent defects
program shall assign a risk classification to (e.g., corrosion, gouges, or problems
each pipeline segment according to the developed during manufacture, construction
indicators described in paragraph (b) of this or operation, etc.); or
section as follows: (ii) Low risk if the segment has
(1) Risk Classification A if the location experienced three failures or less in the last
indicator is ranked as low or medium risk, 10 years due to time-dependent defects.
the product and volume indicators are (c) The program under paragraph (a) of
ranked as low risk, and the probability of this section shall provide for pressure testing
failure indicator is ranked as low risk; for a segment constructed of electric
(2) Risk Classification C if the location resistance-welded (ERW) pipe and
indicator is ranked as high risk; or lapwelded pipe manufactured prior to 1970
(3) Risk Classification B. susceptible to longitudinal seam failures as
(b) An operator shall evaluate each determined through paragraph (d) of this
pipeline segment in the program according section. The timing of such pressure test
to the following indicators of risk: may be determined based on risk
(1) The location indicator is classifications discussed under paragraph (b)
(i) High risk if an area is non-rural or of this section. For other segments, the
environmentally sensitive1; or program may provide for use of a magnetic
(ii) Medium risk; or flux leakage or ultrasonic internal inspection
1 (See Appendix B, Table C).
The test pressure for each pressure test (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b),
conducted under this subpart must be (c), and (d) of this section, water must be
maintained throughout the part of the system used as the test medium.
being tested for at least 4 continuous hours (b) Except for offshore pipelines, liquid
at a pressure equal to 125 percent, or more, petroleum that does not vaporize rapidly
of the maximum operating pressure and, in may be used as the test medium if
the case of a pipeline that is not visually (1) The entire pipeline section under test
inspected for leakage during test, for at least is outside of cities and other populated areas;
an additional 4 continuous hours at a (2) Each building within 300 feet (91
pressure equal to 110 percent, or more, of meters) of the test section is unoccupied
the maximum operating pressure. while the test pressure is equal to or greater
than a pressure which produces a hoop stress
[Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR 29379, June 7, 1994; of 50 percent of specified minimum yield
Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR 59475, Nov. 4, 1998] strength;
(3) The test section is kept under
surveillance by regular patrols during the
195.305 Testing of components. test; and,
(4) Continuous communication is
(a) Each pressure test under 195.302 maintained along entire test section.
must test all pipe and attached fittings, (c) Carbon dioxide pipelines may use
including components, unless otherwise inert gas or carbon dioxide as the test
permitted by paragraph (b) of this section. medium if
(b) A component, other than pipe, that is (1) The entire pipeline section under test
the only item being replaced or added to the is outside of cities and other populated areas;
pipeline system need not be hydrostatically (2) Each building within 300 feet (91
tested under paragraph (a) of this section if meters) of the test section is unoccupied
the manufacturer certifies that either while the test pressure is equal to or greater
(1) The component was hydrostatically than a pressure that produces a hoop stress
tested at the factory; or of 50 percent of specified minimum yield
(2) The component was manufactured strength;
under a quality control system that ensures (3) The maximum hoop stress during the
each component is at least equal in strength test does not exceed 80 percent of specified
to a prototype that was hydrostatically tested minimum yield strength;
at the factory. (4) Continuous communication is
maintained along entire test section; and,
[Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as (5) The pipe involved is new pipe having
amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, a longitudinal joint factor of 1.00.
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR 29379, (d) Air on inert gas may be used as the
June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, test medium in low-stress pipelines.
June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR 59475,
Nov. 4, 1998] [Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as
amended by Amdt. 195-3, 36 FR 14618,
May 4, 1971; Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035,
Aug. 12, 1976; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, testing must be in accordance with ASME
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section
June 12, 1991; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR 29379, VIII, Division 1 or 2.
June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-51A, 59 FR 41259,
Aug. 11, 1994; Amdt. 195-51B, 59 FR [Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, 1999
54328, Oct. 23, Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR as amended by Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402,
35471, July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR June 9, 2006] Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR
37500, July 13, 1998] 48593, August 11, 2010]
Subpart FOperation and Maintenance operate the affected part of the system until
it has corrected the unsafe condition.
(c) Except as provided by 195.5, no
195.400 Scope. operator may operate any part of any of the
following pipelines unless it was designed
This subpart prescribes minimum and constructed as required by this part:
requirements for operating and maintaining (1) An interstate pipeline, other than a
pipeline systems constructed with steel pipe. low-stress pipeline, on which construction
was begun after March 31, 1970, that
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by transports hazardous liquid.
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981] (2) An interstate offshore gathering line,
other than a low-stress, on which
construction was begun after July 31, 1977,
195.401 General requirements. that transports hazardous liquid.
(3) An intrastate pipeline, other than a
(a) No operator may operate or maintain low-stress pipeline, on which construction
its pipeline systems at a level of safety lower was begun after October 20, 1985, that
than that required by this subpart and the transports hazardous liquid.
procedures it is required to establish under (4) A pipeline, on which construction
195.402(a) of this subpart. was begun after July 11, 1991 that transports
(b) An operator must make repairs on its carbon dioxide.
pipeline system according to the following (5) A low-stress pipeline on which
requirements: construction was begun after August 10,
(1) Non Integrity management repairs. 1994.
Whenever an operator discovers any
condition that could adversely affect the safe [Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979
operation of its pipeline system, it must as amended by Amdt. 195-16, 44 FR 70164,
correct the condition within a reasonable Dec. 6, 1979; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357,
time. However, if the condition is of such a July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895,
nature that it presents an immediate hazard Apr. 23, 1985; Amdt. 195-36, 51 FR 15005,
to persons or property, the operator may not Apr. 22, 1986, Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922,
operate the affected part of the system until June 12, 1991; Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR 35465,
it has corrected the unsafe condition. July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR 48593,
(2) Integrity management repairs. When August 11, 2010]
an operator discovers a condition on a
pipeline covered under 195.452, the
operator must correct the condition as 195.402 Procedural manual for
prescribed in 195.452(h). operations, maintenance, and
Whenever an operator discovers any emergencies.
condition that could adversely affect the safe
operation of its pipeline system, it shall (a) General. Each operator shall prepare
correct it within a reasonable time. and follow for each pipeline system a
However, if the condition is of such a nature manual of written procedures for conducting
that it presents an immediate hazard to normal operations and maintenance
persons or property, the operator may not activities and handling abnormal operations
and emergencies. This manual shall be section and the possibility of recurrence of
reviewed at intervals not exceeding 15 accidents analyzed under paragraph (c)(5) of
months, but at least once each calendar year, this section.
and appropriate changes made as necessary (7) Starting up and shutting down any
to insure that the manual is effective. This part of the pipeline system in a manner
manual shall be prepared before initial designed to assure operation within the
operations of a pipeline system commence, limits prescribed by paragraph 195.406,
and appropriate parts shall be kept at consider the hazardous liquid or carbon
locations where operations and maintenance dioxide in transportation, variations in
activities are conducted. altitude along the pipeline, and pressure
(b) The Administrator or the State monitoring and control devices.
Agency that has submitted a current (8) In the case of pipeline that is not
certification under the pipeline safety laws equipped to fail safe, monitoring from an
(49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) with respect to the attended location pipeline pressure during
pipeline facility governed by an operator's startup until steady state pressure and flow
plans and procedures may, after notice and conditions are reached and during shut-in to
opportunity for hearing as provided in 49 assure operation within limits prescribed by
CFR 190.237 or the relevant State 195.406.
procedures, require the operator to amend its (9) In the case of facilities not equipped
plans and procedures as necessary to provide to fail safe that are identified under
a reasonable level of safety. 195.402(c)(4) or that control receipt and
(c) Maintenance and normal operations. delivery of the hazardous liquid or carbon
The manual required by paragraph (a) of this dioxide, detecting abnormal operating
section must include procedures for the conditions by monitoring pressure,
following to provide safety during temperature, flow or other appropriate
maintenance and normal operations: operational data and transmitting this data to
(1) Making construction records, maps, an attended location.
and operating history available as necessary (10) Abandoning pipeline facilities,
for safe operation and maintenance. including safe disconnection from an
(2) Gathering of data needed for operating pipeline system, purging of
reporting accidents under subpart B of this combustibles, and sealing abandoned
part in a timely and effective manner. facilities left in place to minimize safety and
(3) Operating, maintaining, and repairing environmental hazards. For each abandoned
the pipeline system in accordance with each offshore pipeline facility or each abandoned
of the requirements of this subpart and onshore pipeline facility that crosses over,
subpart H of this part. under or through commercially navigable
(4) Determining which pipeline facilities waterways the last operator of that facility
are located in areas that would require an must file a report upon abandonment of that
immediate response by the operator to facility in accordance with 195.59 of this
prevent hazards to the public if the facilities part.
failed or malfunctioned. (11) Minimizing the likelihood of
(5) Analyzing pipeline accidents to accidental ignition of vapors in areas near
determine their causes. facilities identified under paragraph (c)(4) of
(6) Minimizing the potential for hazards this section where the potential exists for the
identified under paragraph (c)(4) of this presence of flammable liquids or gases.
(12) Establishing and maintaining liaison ended at sufficient critical locations in the
with fire, police, and other appropriate system to determine continued integrity and
public officials to learn the responsibility safe operation.
and resources of each government (3) Correcting variations from normal
organization that may respond to a operation of pressure and flow equipment
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline and controls.
emergency and acquaint the officials with (4) Notifying responsible operator
the operator's ability in responding to a personnel when notice of an abnormal
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline operation is received.
emergency and means of communication. (5) Periodically reviewing the response
(13) Periodically reviewing the work of operator personnel to determine the
done by operator personnel to determine the effectiveness of the procedures controlling
effectiveness of the procedures used in abnormal operation and taking corrective
normal operation and maintenance and action where deficiencies are found.
taking corrective action where deficiencies (e) Emergencies. The manual required
are found. by paragraph (a) of this section must include
(14) Taking adequate precautions in procedures for the following to provide
excavated trenches to protect personnel from safety when an emergency condition occurs;
the hazards of unsafe accumulations of (1) Receiving, identifying, and
vapor or gas, and making available when classifying notices of events which need
needed at the excavation, emergency rescue immediate response by the operator or notice
equipment, including a breathing apparatus to fire, police, or other appropriate public
and, a rescue harness and line. officials and communicating this
(15) Implementing the applicable control information to appropriate operator
room management procedures required by personnel for corrective action.
195.446. (2) Prompt and effective response to a
(d) Abnormal operation. The manual notice of each type emergency, including
required by paragraph (a) of this section fire or explosion occurring near or directly
must include procedures for the following to involving a pipeline facility, accidental
provide safety when operating design limits release of hazardous liquid or carbon
have been exceeded: dioxide from a pipeline facility, operational
(1) Responding to, investigating, and failure causing a hazardous condition, and
correcting the cause of: natural disaster affecting pipeline facilities.
(i) Unintended closure of valves or (3) Having personnel, equipment,
shutdowns; instruments, tools, and material available as
(ii) Increase or decrease in pressure or needed at the scene of an emergency.
flow rate outside normal operating limits; (4) Taking necessary action, such as
(iii) Loss of communications; emergency shutdown or pressure reduction,
(iv) Operation of any safety device; to minimize the volume of hazardous liquid
(v) Any other malfunction of a or carbon dioxide that is released from any
component, deviation from normal section of a pipeline system in the event of a
operation, or personnel error which could failure.
cause a hazard to persons or property. (5) Control of released hazardous liquid
(2) Checking variations from normal or carbon dioxide at an accident scene to
operation after abnormal operation has minimize the hazards, including possible
intentional ignition in the cases of Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982;
flammable highly volatile liquid. Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988;
(6) Minimization of public exposure to Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991;
injury and probability of accidental ignition Amdt. 195-46, 56 FR 31087, July 9, 1991;
by assisting with evacuation of residents and Amdt. 195-49, 59 FR 6579, Feb. 11, 1994;
assisting with halting traffic on roads and Amdt. 195-55, 61 FR 18512, Apr. 26, 1996;
railroads in the affected area, or taking other Amdt. 195-69, 65 FR 54440, Sept. 8, 2000;
appropriate action. Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002;
(7) Notifying fire, police, and other Amdt. 192-111, 74 FR 62503, Nov. 30,
appropriate public officials of hazardous 2009]
liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline
emergencies and coordinating with them
preplanned and actual responses during an 195.403 Emergency response training.
emergency, including additional precautions
necessary for an emergency involving a (a) Each operator shall establish and
pipeline system transporting a highly volatile conduct a continuing training program to
liquid. instruct emergency response personnel to:
(8) In the case of failure of a pipeline (1) Carry out the emergency procedures
system transporting a highly volatile liquid, established under 195.402 that relate to their
use of appropriate instruments to assess the assignments;
extent and coverage of the vapor cloud and (2) Know the characteristics and hazards
determine the hazardous areas. of the hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide
(9) Providing for a post accident review transported, including, in case of flammable
of employee activities to determine whether HVL, flammability of mixtures with air,
the procedures were effective in each odorless vapors, and water reactions;
emergency and taking corrective action (3) Recognize conditions that are likely
where deficiencies are found. to cause emergencies, predict the
(10) Actions required to be taken by a consequences of facility malfunctions or
controller during an emergency, in failures and hazardous liquids or carbon
accordance with 195.446. dioxide spills, and take appropriate
(f) Safety-related condition reports. The corrective action;
manual required by paragraph (a) of this (4) Take steps necessary to control any
section must include instructions enabling accidental release of hazardous liquid or
personnel who perform operation and carbon dioxide and to minimize the potential
maintenance activities to recognize for fire, explosion, toxicity, or
conditions that potentially may be safety- environmental damage; and
related conditions that are subject to the (5) Learn the potential causes, types,
reporting requirements of 195.55. sizes, and consequences of fire and the
appropriate use of portable fire extinguishers
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by and other on-site fire control equipment,
Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976; involving, where feasible, a simulated
Amdt. 195-13, 43 FR 6786, Feb. 16, 1979; pipeline emergency condition.
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; (b) At the intervals not exceeding 15
Amdt. 195-16, 44 FR 70164, Dec. 6, 1979; months, but at least once each calendar year,
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; each operator shall:
(1) Review with personnel their (4) The diameter, grade, type and
performance in meeting the objectives of the nominal wall thickness of all pipe.
emergency response training program set (b) Each operator shall maintain for at
forth in paragraph (a) of this section; and least 3 years daily operating records that
(2) Make appropriate changes to the indicate
emergency response training program as (1) The discharge pressure at each pump
necessary to ensure that it is effective. station; and
(c) Each operator shall require and verify (2) Any emergency or abnormal
that its supervisors maintain a thorough operation to which the procedures under
knowledge of that portion of the emergency 195.402 apply.
response procedures established under (c) Each operator shall maintain the
195.402 for which they are responsible to following records for the periods specified:
ensure compliance. (1) The date, location, and description of
each repair made to pipe shall be maintained
[Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979 for the useful life of the pipe.
as amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, (2) The date, location, and description of
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, each repair made to parts of the pipeline
Oct. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26920, system other than pipe shall be maintained
June 12, 1991; Amdt. 192-67, 64 FR 46853, for at least 1 year.
Aug. 27, 1999; Amdt. 195-78, 68 FR 53526, (3) A record of each inspection and test
Sept. 11, 2003] required by this subpart shall be maintained
for at least 2 years or until the next
inspection or test is performed, whichever is
195.404 Maps and records. longer.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(a) Each operator shall maintain current Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970;
maps and records of its pipeline systems that Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
include at least the following information: Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(1) Location and identification of the Amdt. 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985;
following pipeline facilities: Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002]
(i) Breakout tanks;
(ii) Pump stations;
(iii) Scraper and sphere facilities; 195.405 Protection against ignitions and
(iv) Pipeline valves; safe access/egress involving floating roofs.
(v) Facilities to which 195.402(c) (9)
applies; (a) After October 2, 2000, protection
(vi) Rights-of-way; and provided against ignitions arising out of
(vii) Safety devices to which 195.428 static electricity, lightning, and stray currents
applies. during operation and maintenance activities
(2) All crossings of public roads, involving aboveground breakout tanks must
railroads, rivers, buried utilities, and foreign be in accordance with API Recommended
pipelines. Practice 2003, unless the operator notes in
(3) The maximum operating pressure of the procedural manual (195.402(c)) why
each pipeline. compliance with all or certain provisions of
API Recommended Practice 2003 is not
necessary for the safety of a particular (3) Eighty percent of the test pressure for
breakout tank. any part of the pipeline which has been
(b) The hazards associated with pressure tested under Subpart E of this part.
access/egress onto floating roofs of in- (4) Eighty percent of the factory test
service aboveground breakout tanks to pressure or of the prototype test pressure for
perform inspection, service, maintenance or any individually installed component which
repair activities (other than specified general is excepted from testing under 195.304.
considerations, specified routine tasks or (5) For pipelines under 195.302(b)(1)
entering tanks removed from service for and (b)(2)(i), that have not been pressure
cleaning) are addressed in API Publication tested under Subpart E of this part, 80
2026. After October 2, 2000, the operator percent of the test pressure or highest
must review and consider the potentially operating pressure to which the pipeline was
hazardous conditions, safety practices and subjected for 4 or more continuous hours
procedures in API Publication 2026 for that can be demonstrated by recording charts
inclusion in the procedure manual or logs made at the time the test or
(195.402(c)). operations were conducted.
(b) No operator may permit the pressure
[Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, 1999] in a pipeline during surges or other
variations from normal operations to exceed
110 percent of the operating pressure limit
195.406 Maximum operating pressure. established under paragraph (a) of this
section. Each operator must provide
(a) Except for surge pressures and other adequate controls and protective equipment
variations from normal operations, no to control the pressure within this limit.
operator may operate a pipeline at a pressure
that exceeds any of the following: [Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as
(1) The internal design pressure of the amended by Amdt. 195-17, 45 FR 59161,
pipe determined in accordance with Sep. 8, 1980; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357,
195.106. However, for steel pipe in July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895,
pipelines being converted under 195.5, if Apr. 23, 1985; Amdt. 195-33C, 50 FR
one or more factors of the design formula 38659, Sep. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR
(195.106) are unknown, one of the 29379, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR
following pressures is to be used as design 33388, June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR
pressure: 37500, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR
(i) Eighty percent of the first test 59475, Nov. 4, 1998]
pressure that produces yield under section
N5.0 of Appendix N of ASME B31.8,
reduced by the appropriate factors in 195.408 Communications.
195.106(a) and (e); or
(ii) If the pipe is 12 in (324 mm) or (a) Each operator must have a
less outside diameter and is not tested to communication system to provide for the
yield under this paragraph, 200 p.s.i. (1379 transmission of information needed for the
kPa). safe operation of its pipeline system.
(2) The design pressure of any other
component of the pipeline.
(b) The communication system required letters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters) high
by paragraph (a) of this section must, as a with an approximate stroke of -inch (6.4
minimum, include means for: millimeters) .
(1) Monitoring operational data as (ii) The name of the operator and a
required by 195.402(c)(9); telephone number (including area code)
(2) Receiving notices from operator where the operator can be reached at all
personnel, the public, and public authorities times.
of abnormal or emergency conditions and (b) Line markers are not required for
sending this information to appropriate buried pipelines located
personnel or government agencies for (1) Offshore or at crossings of or under
corrective action; waterways and other bodies of water; or
(3) Conducting two-way vocal (2) In heavily developed urban areas
communication between a control center and such as downtown business centers where
the scene of abnormal operations and (i) The placement of markers is
emergencies; and, impractical and would not serve the purpose
(4) Providing communication with fire, for which markers are intended; and
police, and other public officials during (ii) The local government maintains
emergency conditions, including a natural current substructure records.
disaster. (c) Each operator shall provide line
marking at locations where the line is
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by aboveground in areas that are accessible to
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; the public.
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
195.410 Line markers. Amdt. 195-27, 48 FR 25206, June 6, 1983,
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991;
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) Amdt. 195-54, 60 FR 14646, Mar. 20, 1995;
of this section, each operator shall place and Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
maintain line markers over each buried
pipeline in accordance with the following:
(1) Markers must be located at each 195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way and
public road crossing, at each railroad crossings under navigable waters.
crossing, and in sufficient number along the
remainder of each buried line so that its (a) Each operator shall, at intervals not
location is accurately known. exceeding 3 weeks, but at least 26 times
(2) The marker must state at least the each calendar year, inspect the surface
following on a background of sharply conditions on or adjacent to each pipeline
contrasting color: right-of-way. Methods of inspection include
(i) The word Warning, Caution, or walking, driving, flying or other appropriate
Danger followed by the words Petroleum mean of traversing the right-of-way.
(or the name of the hazardous liquid (b) Except for offshore pipelines, each
transported) Pipeline, or Carbon Dioxide operator shall, at intervals not exceeding 5
Pipeline, all of which, except for markers in years, inspect each crossing under a
heavily developed urban areas, must be in
navigable waterway to determine the than 200 yards (183 meters) long need only
condition of the crossing. be marked at the center; and
(3) Within 6 months after discovery, or
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by not later than November 1 of the following
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; year if the 6 month period is later than
Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 48650, Oct. 21, 1982; November 1 of the year of discovery, bury
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994] the pipeline so that the top of the pipe is 36
inches (914 millimeters) below the
underwater natural bottom (as determined by
195.413 Underwater inspection and recognized and generally accepted practices)
reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico for normal excavation or 18 inches (457
and its inlets. millimeters) for rock excavation.
(i) An operator may employ engineered
(a) Except for gathering lines of 4 alternatives to burial that meet or exceed the
inches (114mm) nominal outside diameter level of protection provided by burial.
or smaller, each operator shall prepare and (ii) If an operator cannot obtain required
follow a procedure to identify its pipelines in state or Federal permits in time to comply
the Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters with this section, it must notify OPS; specify
less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as whether the required permit is State or
measured from mean low water that are at Federal; and, justify the delay.
risk of being an exposed underwater pipeline
or a hazard to navigation. The procedures [Amdt. 195-47, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5, 1991,
must be in effect August 10, 2005. as amended by Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388,
(b) Each operator shall conduct June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500,
appropriate periodic underwater inspections July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195-82, 69 FR 48400,
of its pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and its Aug. 10, 2004]
inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters)
deep as measured from mean low water
based on the identified risk. 195.420 Valve maintenance.
(c) If an operator discovers that its
pipeline is an exposed underwater pipeline (a) Each operator shall maintain each
or poses a hazard to navigation, the operator valve that is necessary for the safe operation
shall of its pipeline systems in good working
(1) Promptly, but not later than 24 hours order at all times.
after discovery, notify the National (b) Each operator shall, at intervals not
Response Center, telephone: 1-800-424- exceeding 7 months, but at least twice
8802, of the location and, if available, the each calendar year, inspect each mainline
geographic coordinates of that pipeline. valve to determine that it is functioning
(2) Promptly, but not later than 7 days properly.
after discovery, mark the location of the (c) Each operator shall provide
pipeline in accordance with 33 CFR Part 64 protection for each valve from unauthorized
at the ends of the pipeline segment and at operation and from vandalism.
intervals of not over 500 yards (457 meters)
long, except that a pipeline segment less
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by (ii) The lowest practical level that will
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; maintain the highly volatile liquid in a liquid
Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982] state with continuous flow, but not less than
50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) gage above the vapor
pressure of the commodity.
195.422 Pipeline repairs. (c) No operator may move any pipeline
containing highly volatile liquids where
(a) Each operator shall, in repairing its materials in the line section involved are not
pipeline systems, insure that the repairs are joined by welding unless
made in a safe manner and are made so as to (1) The operator complies with
prevent damage to persons or property. paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section; and
(b) No operator may use any pipe, valve, (2) That line section is isolated to
or fitting, for replacement in repairing prevent the flow of highly volatile liquid.
pipeline facilities, unless it is designed and
constructed as required by this part. [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Amdt 195-7, 39 FR 19780, June 4, 1974;
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979;
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981] Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
least once each calendar year, or in the case Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982;
of pipelines used to carry highly volatile Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, 1999]
liquids, at intervals not to exceed 7
months, but at least twice each calendar
year, inspect and test each pressure limiting 195.430 Firefighting equipment.
device, relief valve, pressure regulator, or
other item of pressure control equipment to Each operator shall maintain adequate
determine that it is functioning properly, is firefighting equipment at each pump station
in good mechanical condition, and is and breakout tank area. The equipment
adequate from the standpoint of capacity and must be
reliability of operation for the service in (a) In proper operating condition at all
which it is used. times;
(b) In the case of relief valves on (b) Plainly marked so that its identity as
pressure breakout tanks containing highly firefighting equipment is clear; and,
volatile liquids, each operator shall test each (c) Located so that it is easily accessible
valve at intervals not exceeding 5 years. during a fire.
(c) Aboveground breakout tanks that are
constructed or significantly altered [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
according to API Standard 2510 after Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
October 2, 2000, must have an overfill
protection system installed according to
section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other 195.432 Inspection of in-service
aboveground breakout tanks with 600 breakout tanks.
gallons (2271 liters) or more of storage
capacity that are constructed or significantly (a) Except for breakout tanks inspected
altered after October 2, 2000, must have an under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
overfill protection system installed each operator shall, at intervals not
according to API Recommended Practice exceeding 15 months, but at least once each
2350. However, operators need not comply calendar year, inspect each in-service
with any part of API Recommended Practice breakout tank.
2350 for a particular breakout tank if the (b) Each operator mustshall inspect the
operator notes in the manual required by physical integrity of in-service atmospheric
195.402 why compliance with that part is and low-pressure steel aboveground
not necessary for safety of the tank. breakout tanks according to API Standard
(d) After October 2, 2000, the 653 (incorporated by reference, see
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of 195.3).section 4 of API Standard 653.
this section for inspection and testing of However, if structural conditions prevent
pressure control equipment apply to the access to the tank bottom, the bottom
inspection and testing of overfill protection integrity may be assessed according to a plan
systems. included in the operations and maintenance
manual under 195.402(c)(3).
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by (c) Each operator shall inspect the
Amdt. 195-4, 37 FR 18733, Sep. 15, 1972; physical integrity of in-service steel
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; aboveground breakout tanks built to API
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
implement the procedures no later than carry out the roles and responsibilities the
February 1, 20132. and must implement the operator has defined by performing each of
procedures according to the following the following:
schedule. The procedures required by (1) Implement API RP 1165
paragraphs (b), (c)(5), (d)(2) and (d)(3), (f) (incorporated by reference, see 195.3)
and (g) of this section must be implemented whenever a SCADA system is added,
no later than October 1, 2011. The expanded or replaced, unless the operator
procedures required by paragraphs (c)(1) demonstrates that certain provisions of API
through (4), (d)(1), (d)(4), and (e) must be RP 1165 are not practical for the SCADA
implemented no later than August 1, 2012. system used;
The training procedures required by (2) Conduct a point-to-point verification
paragraph (h) must be implemented no later between SCADA displays and related field
than August 1, 2012, except that any training equipment when field equipment is added or
required by another paragraph of this section moved and when other changes that affect
must be implemented no later than the pipeline safety are made to field equipment
deadline for that paragraph. or SCADA displays;
(b) Roles and responsibilities. Each (3) Test and verify an internal
operator must define the roles and communication plan to provide adequate
responsibilities of a controller during means for manual operation of the pipeline
normal, abnormal, and emergency operating safely, at least once each calendar year, but
conditions. To provide for a controller's at intervals not to exceed 15 months;
prompt and appropriate response to (4) Test any backup SCADA systems at
operating conditions, an operator must least once each calendar year, but at
define each of the following: intervals not to exceed 15 months; and
(1) A controller's authority and (5) Implement section 5 of API RP 1168
responsibility to make decisions and take (incorporated by reference, see 195.3) to
actions during normal operations; establish procedures for when a different
(2) A controller's role when an abnormal controller assumes responsibility, including
operating condition is detected, even if the the content of information to be exchanged.
controller is not the first to detect the (d) Fatigue mitigation. Each operator
condition, including the controller's must implement the following methods to
responsibility to take specific actions and to reduce the risk associated with controller
communicate with others; fatigue that could inhibit a controller's
(3) A controller's role during an ability to carry out the roles and
emergency, even if the controller is not the responsibilities the operator has defined:
first to detect the emergency, including the (1) Establish shift lengths and schedule
controller's responsibility to take specific rotations that provide controllers off-duty
actions and to communicate with others; and time sufficient to achieve eight hours of
(4) A method of recording controller continuous sleep;
shift-changes and any hand- (2) Educate controllers and supervisors
over of responsibility between controllers. in fatigue mitigation strategies and how off-
(c) Provide adequate information. Each duty activities contribute to fatigue;
operator must provide its controllers with (3) Train controllers and supervisors to
the information, tools, processes and recognize the effects of fatigue; and
procedures necessary for the controllers to
and of detecting corrosion and deformation Category 3 Date the pipeline Not applicable.
begins operation.
anomalies.
(A) Internal inspection tool or tools
(2) Prior assessment. To satisfy the
capable of detecting corrosion and
requirements of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
deformation anomalies including dents,
section for pipelines in the first column of
gouges and grooves;
the following table, operators may use
(B) Pressure test conducted in
integrity assessments conducted after the
accordance with subpart E of this part;
date in the second column, if the integrity
(C) External corrosion direct assessment
assessment method complies with this
in accordance with 195.588; or
section. However, if an operator uses this
(D) Other technology that the operator
prior assessment as its baseline assessment,
demonstrates can provide an equivalent
the operator must reassess the line pipe
understanding of the condition of the line
according to paragraph (j)(3) of this section.
pipe. An operator choosing this option must
The table follows:
notify the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) 90
days before conducting the assessment, by
Pipeline Date
sending a notice to the address or facsimile Category 1 January 1, 1996.
number specified in paragraph (m) of this Category 2 February 15, 1997.
section.
(ii) A schedule for completing the (3) Newly-identified areas. (i) When
integrity assessment; information is available from the
(iii) An explanation of the assessment information analysis (see paragraph (g) of
methods selected and evaluation of risk this section), or from Census Bureau maps,
factors considered in establishing the that the population density around a pipeline
assessment schedule. segment has changed so as to fall within the
(2) An operator must document, prior to definition in 195.450 of a high population
implementing any changes to the plan, any area or other populated area, the operator
modification to the plan, and reasons for the must incorporate the area into its baseline
modification. assessment plan as a high consequence area
(d) When must operators complete within one year from the date the area is
baseline assessments? Operators must identified. An operator must complete the
complete baseline assessments as follows: baseline assessment of any line pipe that
(1) Time periods. Complete assessments could affect the newly-identified high
before the following deadlines: consequence area within five years from the
date the area is identified.
If the pipeline Then complete And assess at
is: baseline least 50
(ii) An operator must incorporate a new
assessments not percent of the unusually sensitive area into its baseline
later than the line pipe on an assessment plan within one year from the
following date expedited
according to a basis,
date the area is identified. An operator must
schedule that beginning with complete the baseline assessment of any line
prioritizes the highest risk pipe that could affect the newly-identified
assessments pipe, not later
than:
high consequence area within five years
Category 1 March 31, 2008. September 30, from the date the area is identified.
2004. (e) What are the risk factors for
Category 2 February 17, 2009. August 16,
2005.
establishing an assessment schedule (for
both the baseline and continual integrity (1) A process for identifying which
assessments)? (1) An operator must pipeline segments could affect a high
establish an integrity assessment schedule consequence area;
that prioritizes pipeline segments for (2) A baseline assessment plan meeting
assessment (see paragraphs (d)(1) and (j)(3) the requirements of paragraph (c) of this
of this section). An operator must base the section;
assessment schedule on all risk factors that (3) An analysis that integrates all
reflect the risk conditions on the pipeline available information about the integrity of
segment. The factors an operator must the entire pipeline and the consequences of a
consider include, but are not limited to: failure (see paragraph (g) of this section);
(i) Results of the previous integrity (4) Criteria for remedial actions to
assessment, defect type and size that the address integrity issues raised by the
assessment method can detect, and defect assessment methods and information
growth rate; analysis (see paragraph (h) of this section);
(ii) Pipe size, material, manufacturing (5) A continual process of assessment
information, coating type and condition, and and evaluation to maintain a pipeline's
seam type; integrity (see paragraph (j) of this section);
(iii) Leak history, repair history and (6) Identification of preventive and
cathodic protection history; mitigative measures to protect the high
(iv) Product transported; consequence area (see paragraph (i) of this
(v) Operating stress level; section);
(vi) Existing or projected activities in the (7) Methods to measure the program's
area; effectiveness (see paragraph (k) of this
(vii) Local environmental factors that section);
could affect the pipeline (e.g., corrosivity of (8) A process for review of integrity
soil, subsidence, climatic); assessment results and information analysis
(viii) geo-technical hazards; and (ix) by a person qualified to evaluate the results
Physical support of the segment such as by a and information (see paragraph (h)(2) of this
cable suspension bridge. section).
(2) Appendix C of this part provides (g) What is an information analysis? In
further guidance on risk factors. periodically evaluating the integrity of each
(f) What are the elements of an integrity pipeline segment (paragraph (j) of this
management program? An integrity section), an operator must analyze all
management program begins with the initial available information about the integrity of
framework. An operator must continually the entire pipeline and the consequences of a
change the program to reflect operating failure. This information includes:
experience, conclusions drawn from results (1) Information critical to determining
of the integrity assessments, and other the potential for, and preventing, damage
maintenance and surveillance data, and due to excavation, including current and
evaluation of consequences of a failure on planned damage prevention activities, and
the high consequence area. An operator must development or planned development along
include, at minimum, each of the following the pipeline segment;
elements in its written integrity management (2) Data gathered through the integrity
program: assessment required under this section;
(3) Data gathered in conjunction with later than 180 days after an integrity
other inspections, tests, surveillance and assessment, obtain sufficient information
patrols required by this Part, including, about a condition to make that
corrosion control monitoring and cathodic determination, unless the operator can
protection surveys; and demonstrate that the 180-day period is
(4) Information about how a failure impracticable.
would affect the high consequence area, (3) Schedule for evaluation and
such as location of the water intake. remediation. An operator must complete
(h) What actions must an operator take remediation of a condition according to a
to address integrity issues? schedule prioritizing the conditions for
(1) General requirements. An operator evaluation and remediation. If an operator
must take prompt action to address all cannot meet the schedule for any condition,
anomalous conditions that the operator the operator must explain the reasons why it
discovers through the integrity assessment or cannot meet the schedule and how the
information analysis. In addressing all changed schedule will not jeopardize public
conditions, an operator must evaluate all safety or environmental protection.
anomalous conditions and remediate those (4) Special requirements for scheduling
that could reduce a pipeline's integrity. An remediation.
operator must be able to demonstrate that the (i) Immediate repair conditions. An
remediation of the condition will ensure that operator's evaluation and remediation
the condition is unlikely to pose a threat to schedule must provide for immediate repair
the long-term integrity of the pipeline. An conditions. To maintain safety, an operator
operator must comply with 195.422 when must temporarily reduce operating pressure
making a repair. or shut down the pipeline until the operator
(i) Temporary pressure reduction. An completes the repair of these conditions. An
operator must notify PHMSA, in accordance operator must calculate the temporary
with paragraph (m) of this section, if the reduction in operating pressure using the
operator cannot meet the schedule for formula in section 451.6.2.2 (b) of
evaluation and remediation required under ANSI/ASME B31.4 (incorporated by
paragraph (h)(3) of this section and cannot reference, see 195.3).451.7 of ASME/ANSI
provide safety through a temporary B31.4 (incorporated by reference, see
reduction in operating pressure. 195.3), if applicable. If the formula is not
(ii) Long-term pressure reduction. When applicable to the type of anomaly or would
a pressure reduction exceeds 365 days, the produce a higher operating pressure, an
operator must notify PHMSA in accordance operator must use an alternative acceptable
with paragraph (m) of this section and method to calculate a reduced operating
explain the reasons for the delay. An pressure. An operator must treat the
operator must also take further remedial following conditions as immediate repair
action to ensure the safety of the pipeline. conditions:
(2) Discovery of condition. Discovery of (A) Metal loss greater than 80% of
a condition occurs when an operator has nominal wall regardless of dimensions.
adequate information about the condition to (B) A calculation of the remaining
determine that the condition presents a strength of the pipe shows a predicted burst
potential threat to the integrity of the pressure less than the established maximum
pipeline. An operator must promptly, but no operating pressure at the location of the
anomaly. Suitable remaining strength (A) A dent with a depth greater than 2%
calculation methods include, but are not of the pipeline's diameter (0.250 inches in
limited to, ASME/ANSI B31G (Manual for depth for a pipeline diameter less than NPS
Determining the Remaining Strength of 12) that affects pipe curvature at a girth weld
Corroded Pipelines (1991) or AGA or a longitudinal seam weld.
Pipeline Research Committee Project PR-3- (B) A dent located on the top of the
805 (A Modified Criterion for Evaluating pipeline (above 4 and 8 o'clock position)
the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe with a depth greater than 2% of the
(December 1989)). These documents are pipeline's diameter (0.250 inches in depth
incorporated by reference and are available for a pipeline diameter less than NPS 12).
at the addresses listed in 195.3. (C) A dent located on the bottom of the
(C) A dent located on the top of the pipeline with a depth greater than 6% of the
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock pipeline's diameter.
positions) that has any indication of metal (D) A calculation of the remaining
loss, cracking or a stress riser. strength of the pipe shows an operating
(D) A dent located on the top of the pressure that is less than the current
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock established maximum operating pressure at
positions) with a depth greater than 6% of the location of the anomaly. Suitable
the nominal pipe diameter. remaining strength calculation methods
(E) An anomaly that in the judgment of include, but are not limited to, ASME/ANSI
the person designated by the operator to B31G (Manual for Determining the
evaluate the assessment results requires Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines
immediate action. (1991)) or AGA Pipeline Research
(ii) 60-day conditions. Except for Committee Project PR-3-805 (A Modified
conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) of Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining
this section, an operator must schedule Strength of Corroded Pipe (December
evaluation and remediation of the following 1989)). These documents are incorporated
conditions within 60 days of discovery of by reference and are available at the
condition. addresses listed in 195.3.
(A) A dent located on the top of the (E) An area of general corrosion with a
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock predicted metal loss greater than 50% of
positions) with a depth greater than 3% of nominal wall.
the pipeline diameter (greater than 0.250 (F) Predicted metal loss greater than
inches in depth for a pipeline diameter less 50% of nominal wall that is located at a
than Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) 12). crossing of another pipeline, or is in an area
(B) A dent located on the bottom of the with widespread circumferential corrosion,
pipeline that has any indication of metal or is in an area that could affect a girth weld.
loss, cracking or a stress riser. (G) A potential crack indication that
(iii) 180-day conditions. Except for when excavated is determined to be a crack.
conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) or (ii) (H) Corrosion of or along a longitudinal
of this section, an operator must schedule seam weld.
evaluation and remediation of the following (I) A gouge or groove greater than 12.5%
within 180 days of discovery of the of nominal wall.
condition: (iv) Other conditions. In addition to the
conditions listed in paragraphs (h)(4)(i)
through (iii) of this section, an operator must (iii) Characteristics of the product
evaluate any condition identified by an transported;
integrity assessment or information analysis (iv) Amount of product that could be
that could impair the integrity of the released;
pipeline, and as appropriate, schedule the (v) Possibility of a spillage in a farm
condition for remediation. Appendix C of field following the drain tile into a
this part contains guidance concerning other waterway;
conditions that an operator should evaluate. (vi) Ditches along side a roadway the
(i) What preventive and mitigative pipeline crosses;
measures must an operator take to protect (vii) Physical support of the pipeline
the high consequence area? segment such as by a cable suspension
(1) General requirements. An operator bridge;
must take measures to prevent and mitigate (viii) Exposure of the pipeline to
the consequences of a pipeline failure that operating pressure exceeding established
could affect a high consequence area. These maximum operating pressure.
measures include conducting a risk analysis (3) Leak detection. An operator must
of the pipeline segment to identify additional have a means to detect leaks on its pipeline
actions to enhance public safety or system. An operator must evaluate the
environmental protection. Such actions may capability of its leak detection means and
include, but are not limited to, implementing modify, as necessary, to protect the high
damage prevention best practices, better consequence area. An operator's evaluation
monitoring of cathodic protection where must, at least, consider, the following
corrosion is a concern, establishing shorter factorslength and size of the pipeline, type
inspection intervals, installing EFRDs on the of product carried, the pipeline's proximity
pipeline segment, modifying the systems to the high consequence area, the swiftness
that monitor pressure and detect leaks, of leak detection, location of nearest
providing additional training to personnel on response personnel, leak history, and risk
response procedures, conducting drills with assessment results.
local emergency responders and adopting (4) Emergency Flow Restricting Devices
other management controls. (EFRD). If an operator determines that an
(2) Risk analysis criteria. In identifying EFRD is needed on a pipeline segment to
the need for additional preventive and protect a high consequence area in the event
mitigative measures, an operator must of a hazardous liquid pipeline release, an
evaluate the likelihood of a pipeline release operator must install the EFRD. In making
occurring and how a release could affect the this determination, an operator must, at
high consequence area. This determination least, consider the following factorsthe
must consider all relevant risk factors, swiftness of leak detection and pipeline
including, but not limited to: shutdown capabilities, the type of
(i) Terrain surrounding the pipeline commodity carried, the rate of potential
segment, including drainage systems such as leakage, the volume that can be released,
small streams and other smaller waterways topography or pipeline profile, the potential
that could act as a conduit to the high for ignition, proximity to power sources,
consequence area; location of nearest response personnel,
(ii) Elevation profile; specific terrain between the pipeline
segment and the high consequence area, and evaluation combined with the use of other
benefits expected by reducing the spill size. technology, such as external monitoring
(j) What is a continual process of technology, that provides an understanding
evaluation and assessment to maintain a of the condition of the line pipe equivalent
pipeline's integrity? to that which can be obtained from the
(1) General. After completing the assessment methods allowed in paragraph
baseline integrity assessment, an operator (j)(5) of this section. An operator must
must continue to assess the line pipe at notify OPS 270 days before the end of the
specified intervals and periodically evaluate five-year (or less) interval of the justification
the integrity of each pipeline segment that for a longer interval, and propose an
could affect a high consequence area. alternative interval. An operator must send
(2) Evaluation. An operator must the notice to the address specified in
conduct a periodic evaluation as frequently paragraph (m) of this section.
as needed to assure pipeline integrity. An (ii) Unavailable technology. An operator
operator must base the frequency of may require a longer assessment period for a
evaluation on risk factors specific to its segment of line pipe (for example, because
pipeline, including the factors specified in sophisticated internal inspection technology
paragraph (e) of this section. The evaluation is not available). An operator must justify
must consider the results of the baseline and the reasons why it cannot comply with the
periodic integrity assessments, information required assessment period and must also
analysis (paragraph (g) of this section), and demonstrate the actions it is taking to
decisions about remediation, and preventive evaluate the integrity of the pipeline segment
and mitigative actions (paragraphs (h) and in the interim. An operator must notify OPS
(i) of this section). 180 days before the end of the five-year (or
(3) Assessment intervals. An operator less) interval that the operator may require a
must establish five-year intervals, not to longer assessment interval, and provide an
exceed 68 months, for continually assessing estimate of when the assessment can be
the line pipe's integrity. An operator must completed. An operator must send a notice
base the assessment intervals on the risk the to the address specified in paragraph (m) of
line pipe poses to the high consequence area this section.
to determine the priority for assessing the (5) Assessment methods. An operator
pipeline segments. An operator must must assess the integrity of the line pipe by
establish the assessment intervals based on any of the following methods. The methods
the factors specified in paragraph (e) of this an operator selects to assess low frequency
section, the analysis of the results from the electric resistance welded pipe or lap welded
last integrity assessment, and the pipe susceptible to longitudinal seam failure
information analysis required by paragraph must be capable of assessing seam integrity
(g) of this section. and of detecting corrosion and deformation
(4) Variance from the 5-year intervals in anomalies.
limited situations. (i) Internal inspection tool or tools
(i) Engineering basis. An operator may capable of detecting corrosion and
be able to justify an engineering basis for a deformation anomalies including dents,
longer assessment interval on a segment of gouges and grooves;
line pipe. The justification must be (ii) Pressure test conducted in
supported by a reliable engineering accordance with subpart E of this part;
(iii) External corrosion direct assessment Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590;
in accordance with 195.588; or or
(iv) Other technology that the operator (3) Sending the notification to the
demonstrates can provide an equivalent Information Resources Manager by
understanding of the condition of the line facsimile to (202) 366-7128.
pipe. An operator choosing this option must
notify OPS 90 days before conducting the [Amdt. 195-70, 65 FR 75378, Dec. 1, 2000
assessment, by sending a notice to the as amended by Amdt. 195-74, 67 FR 1650,
address or facsimile number specified in Jan. 14, 2002; Amdt. 195-76, 67 FR 2136,
paragraph (m) of this section. Jan. 16, 2002, Amdt. 195-76a, 67 FR 46911,
(k) What methods to measure program July 17, 2002; 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005;
effectiveness must be used? An operator's Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25, 2005;
program must include methods to measure Amdt. 195-87, 72 FR 39012, July 17, 2007;
whether the program is effective in assessing Amdt. 195-[88], 73 FR 16562, Mar. 28,
and evaluating the integrity of each pipeline 2008; Amdt. 195-[89], 73 FR 31634, June 3,
segment and in protecting the high 2008] Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR 48593, August
consequence areas. See Appendix C of this 11, 2010]
part for guidance on methods that can be
used to evaluate a program's effectiveness.
(l) What records must be kept?
(1) An operator must maintain for
review during an inspection:
(i) A written integrity management
program in accordance with paragraph (b) of
this section.
(ii) Documents to support the decisions
and analyses, including any modifications,
justifications, variances, deviations and
determinations made, and actions taken, to
implement and evaluate each element of the
integrity management program listed in
paragraph (f) of this section.
(2) See Appendix C of this part for
examples of records an operator would be
required to keep.
(m) How does an operator notify
PHMSA? An operator must provide any
notification required by this section by:
(1) Entering the information directly on
the Integrity Management Database Web site
at http://primis.PHMSA.dot.gov/imdb/;
(2) Sending the notification to the
Information Resources Manager, Office of
Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration, 1200 New
if the operator significantly modifies the (c) Work performance history review
program after the Administrator or state may be used as a sole evaluation method for
agency has verified that it complies with individuals who were performing a covered
this section. task prior to October 26, 1999.
(d) After October 28, 2002, work
[Amdt. 195-67, 64 FR 46853, Aug. 27, 1999 performance history may not be used as a
as amended by Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 10322, sole evaluation method.
Mar. 3, 2005] (e) After December 16, 2004,
observation of on-the-job performance may
not be used as the sole method of evaluation.
195.507 Recordkeeping.
[Amdt. 195-67, 64 FR 46853, Aug. 27, 1999
Each operator shall maintain records that as amended by Amdt. 195-72, 66 FR 43523,
demonstrate compliance with this subpart. Aug. 20, 2001; Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 10322,
(a) Qualification records shall include: Mar. 3, 2005]
(1) Identification of qualified
individual(s);
(2) Identification of the covered tasks the
individual is qualified to perform;
(3) Date(s) of current qualification; and
(4) Qualification method(s).
(b) Records supporting an individual's
current qualification shall be maintained
while the individual is performing the
covered task. Records of prior qualification
and records of individuals no longer
performing covered tasks shall be retained
for a period of five years.
195.509 General.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
2002] 2002; Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25,
2005]
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, (a) Each buried or submerged pipeline
2002] that is constructed, relocated, replaced, or
otherwise changed after the applicable date
in 195.401(c) must have cathodic
195.559 What coating material may I protection. The cathodic protection must be
use for external corrosion control? in operation not later than 1 year after the
pipeline is constructed, relocated, replaced,
Coating material for external corrosion or otherwise changed, as applicable.
control under 195.557 must (b) Each buried or submerged pipeline
(a) Be designed to mitigate corrosion of converted under 195.5 must have cathodic
the buried or submerged pipeline; protection if the pipeline
(b) Have sufficient adhesion to the metal (1) Has cathodic protection that
surface to prevent under film migration of substantially meets 195.571 before the
moisture; pipeline is placed in service; or
(c) Be sufficiently ductile to resist (2) Is a segment that is relocated,
cracking; replaced, or substantially altered.
(d) Have enough strength to resist (c) All other buried or submerged
damage due to handling and soil stress; pipelines that have an effective external
(e) Support any supplemental cathodic coating must have cathodic protection.1
protection; and Except as provided by paragraph (d) of this
(f) If the coating is an insulating type, section, this requirement does not apply to
have low moisture absorption and provide breakout tanks and does not apply to buried
high electrical resistance. piping in breakout tank areas and pumping
stations until December 29, 2003.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, (d) Bare pipelines, breakout tank areas,
2002] and buried pumping station piping must
have cathodic protection in places where
regulations in effect before January 28, 2002
195.561 When must I inspect pipe required cathodic protection as a result of
coating used for external corrosion electrical inspections. See previous editions
control? of this part in 49 CFR, parts 186 to 199.
(e) Unprotected pipe must have cathodic
(a) You must inspect all external pipe protection if required by 195.573(b).
coating required by 195.557 just prior to
lowering the pipe into the ditch or [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
submerging the pipe. 2002]
(b) You must repair any coating damage
discovered.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 1A pipeline does not have an effective external
2002] coating material if the current required to cathodically
protect the pipeline is substantially the same as if the
pipeline were bare.
(a) General. Except for offshore Whenever you have knowledge that any
pipelines, each buried or submerged pipeline portion of a buried pipeline is exposed, you
or segment of pipeline under cathodic must examine the exposed portion for
protection required by this subpart must evidence of external corrosion if the pipe is
have electrical test leads for external bare, or if the coating is deteriorated. If you
corrosion control. However, this find external corrosion requiring corrective
requirement does not apply until December action under 195.585, you must investigate
27, 2004 to pipelines or pipeline segments circumferentially and longitudinally beyond
on which test leads were not required by the exposed portion (by visual examination,
regulations in effect before January 28, indirect method, or both) to determine
2002. whether additional corrosion requiring
(b) Installation. You must install test remedial action exists in the vicinity of the
leads as follows: exposed portion.
(1) Locate the leads at intervals frequent
enough to obtain electrical measurements [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
2002]
195.571 What criteria must I use to (b) Unprotected pipe. You must
determine the adequacy of cathodic reevaluate your unprotected buried or
protection? submerged pipe and cathodically protect the
pipe in areas in which active corrosion is
Cathodic protection required by this found, as follows:
subpart must comply with one or more of (1) Determine the areas of active
the applicable criteria and other corrosion by electrical survey, or where an
considerations for cathodic protection electrical survey is impractical, by other
contained in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 of means that include review and analysis of
NACE Standard SRP 0169 (incorporated by leak repair and inspection records, corrosion
reference, see 195.3). monitoring records, exposed pipe inspection
records, and the pipeline environment.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002 (2) For the period in the first column, the
as amended by Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402, second column prescribes the frequency of
June 9, 2006; Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR 48593, evaluation.
August 11, 2010]
Period Evaluation frequency
Before December 29, At least once every 5
2003 calendar years, but with
195.573 What must I do to monitor intervals not exceeding
external corrosion control? 63 months.
Beginning December At least once every 3
(a) Protected pipelines. You must do the 29, 2003 calendar years, but with
following to determine whether cathodic intervals not exceeding
39 months.
protection required by this subpart complies
with 195.571:
(1) Conduct tests on the protected (c) Rectifiers and other devices. You
pipeline at least once each calendar year, but must electrically check for proper
with intervals not exceeding 15 months. performance each device in the first column
However, if tests at those intervals are at the frequency stated in the second column.
impractical for separately protected short
Device Check frequency
sections of bare or ineffectively coated Rectifier At least six times each
pipelines, testing may be done at least once calendar year, but with
every 3 calendar years, but with intervals not Reverse current switch intervals not exceeding
exceeding 39 months. Diode 2 months.
(2) Identify not more than 2 years after Interference bond
whose failure would
cathodic protection is installed, the jeopardize structural
circumstances in which a close-interval protection.
survey or comparablewhichever comes later,
the circumstances in which a close-interval Other interference bond At least once each
survey or comparable technology is calendar year, but with
intervals not exceeding
practicable and necessary to accomplish the 15 months.
objectives of paragraph 10.1.1.3 of NACE
Standard RP 0169 (incorporated by (d) Breakout tanks. You must inspect
reference, see 195.3). each cathodic protection system used to
control corrosion on the bottom of an
aboveground breakout tank to ensure that reasonable to foresee, you must take
operation and maintenance of the system are precautions to prevent arcing.
in accordance with API Recommended (e) If a pipeline is in close proximity to
Practice 651. However, this inspection is not electrical transmission tower footings,
required if you note in the corrosion control ground cables, or counterpoise, or in other
procedures established under 195.402(c)(3) areas where it is reasonable to foresee fault
why compliance with all or certain operation currents or an unusual risk of lightning, you
and maintenance provisions of API must protect the pipeline against damage
Recommended Practice 651 is not necessary from fault currents or lightning and take
for the safety of the tank. protective measures at insulating devices.
(e) Corrective action. You must correct
any identified deficiency in corrosion control [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
as required by 195.401(b). However, if the 2002]
deficiency involves a pipeline in an integrity
management program under 195.452, you
must correct the deficiency as required by 195.577 What must I do to alleviate
195.452(h). interference currents?
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002 (a) For pipelines exposed to stray
as amended by Amdt. 195-73A, 67 FR currents, you must have a program to
70118, Nov. 20, 2002: Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR identify, test for, and minimize the
33402, June 9, 2006; Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR detrimental effects of such currents.
48593, August 11, 2010] (b) You must design and install each
impressed current or galvanic anode system
to minimize any adverse effects on existing
195.575 Which facilities must I adjacent metallic structures.
electrically isolate and what inspections,
tests, and safeguards are required? [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
2002]
(a) You must electrically isolate each
buried or submerged pipeline from other
metallic structures, unless you electrically 195.579 What must I do to mitigate
interconnect and cathodically protect the internal corrosion?
pipeline and the other structures as a single
unit. (a) General. If you transport any
(b) You must install one or more hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide that
insulating devices where electrical isolation would corrode the pipeline, you must
of a portion of a pipeline is necessary to investigate the corrosive effect of the
facilitate the application of corrosion hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide on the
control. pipeline and take adequate steps to mitigate
(c) You must inspect and electrically test internal corrosion.
each electrical isolation to assure the (b) Inhibitors. If you use corrosion
isolation is adequate. inhibitors to mitigate internal corrosion, you
(d) If you install an insulating device in must
an area where a combustible atmosphere is
(1) Use inhibitors in sufficient quantity 195.581 Which pipelines must I protect
to protect the entire part of the pipeline against atmospheric corrosion and what
system that the inhibitors are designed to coating material may I use?
protect;
(2) Use coupons or other monitoring (a) You must clean and coat each
equipment to determine the effectiveness of pipeline or portion of pipeline that is
the inhibitors in mitigating internal exposed to the atmosphere, except pipelines
corrosion; and under paragraph (c) of this section.
(3) Examine the coupons or other (b) Coating material must be suitable for
monitoring equipment at least twice each the prevention of atmospheric corrosion.
calendar year, but with intervals not (c) Except portions of pipelines in
exceeding 7 months. offshore splash zones or soil-to-air
(c) Removing pipe. Whenever you interfaces, you need not protect against
remove pipe from a pipeline, you must atmospheric corrosion any pipeline for
inspect the internal surface of the pipe for which you demonstrate by test,
evidence of corrosion. If you find internal investigation, or experience appropriate to
corrosion requiring corrective action under the environment of the pipeline that
195.585, you must investigate corrosion will
circumferentially and longitudinally beyond (1) Only be a light surface oxide; or
the removed pipe (by visual examination, (2) Not affect the safe operation of the
indirect method, or both) to determine pipeline before the next scheduled
whether additional corrosion requiring inspection.
remedial action exists in the vicinity of the
removed pipe. [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
(d) Breakout tanks. After October 2, 2002]
2000, when you install a tank bottom lining
in an aboveground breakout tank built to
API Specification 12F, API Standard 620, or 195.583 What must I do to monitor
API Standard 650 (or its predecessor atmospheric corrosion control?
Standard 12C), you must install the lining in
accordance with API Recommended (a) You must inspect each pipeline or
Practice 652. However, installation of the portion of pipeline that is exposed to the
lining need not comply with API atmosphere for evidence of atmospheric
Recommended Practice 652 on any tank for corrosion, as follows:
which you note in the corrosion control
procedures established under 195.402(c)(3) If the pipeline is Then the frequency of
why compliance with all or certain located: inspection is:
Onshore At least once every 3
provisions of API Recommended Practice calendar years, but with
652 is not necessary for the safety of the intervals not exceeding
tank. 39 months.
Offshore At least once each
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, calendar year, but with
intervals not exceeding
2002]
15 months.
(b) During inspections you must give 195.587 What methods are available to
particular attention to pipe at soil-to-air determine the strength of corroded pipe?
interfaces, under thermal insulation, under
disbonded coatings, at pipe supports, in Under 195.585, you may use the
splash zones, at deck penetrations, and in procedure in ASME B31G, Manual for
spans over water. Determining the Remaining Strength of
(c) If you find atmospheric corrosion Corroded Pipelines, or the procedure
during an inspection, you must provide developed by AGA/Battelle, A Modified
protection against the corrosion as required Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining
by 195.581. Strength of Corroded Pipe (with RSTRENG
disk), to determine the strength of corroded
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, pipe based on actual remaining wall
2002] thickness. These procedures apply to
corroded regions that do not penetrate the
pipe wall, subject to the limitations set out in
195.585 What must I do to correct the respective procedures.
corroded pipe?
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
(a) General corrosion. If you find pipe 2002]
so generally corroded that the remaining
wall thickness is less than that required for
the maximum operating pressure of the 195.588 What standards apply to direct
pipeline, you must replace the pipe. assessment?
However, you need not replace the pipe if
you (a) If you use direct assessment on an
(1) Reduce the maximum operating onshore pipeline to evaluate the effects of
pressure commensurate with the strength of external corrosion, you must follow the
the pipe needed for serviceability based on requirements of this section for performing
actual remaining wall thickness; or (2) external corrosion direct assessment. This
Repair the pipe by a method that reliable section does not apply to methods associated
engineering tests and analyses show can with direct assessment, such as close interval
permanently restore the serviceability of the surveys, voltage gradient surveys, or
pipe. examination of exposed pipelines, when
(b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you used separately from the direct assessment
find pipe that has localized corrosion pitting process.
to a degree that leakage might result, you (b) The requirements for performing
must replace or repair the pipe, unless you external corrosion direct assessment are as
reduce the maximum operating pressure follows:
commensurate with the strength of the pipe (1) General. You must follow the
based on actual remaining wall thickness in requirements of NACE Standard SRP0502-
the pits. 2002 (incorporated by reference, see
195.3). Also, you must develop and
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, implement an External Corrosion Direct
2002] Assessment (ECDA) plan that includes
procedures addressing pre-assessment,
indirect examination, direct examination, assessment tool readings when the presence
and post-assessment. of a defect is suspected;
(2) Pre-assessment. In addition to the (iii) For each indication identified during
requirements in Section 3 of NACE SP0502 the indirect examination, criteria for
(incorporated by reference, see 195.3), the (A) Defining the urgency of excavation
ECDA plan procedures for pre-assessment and direct examination of the indication; and
must include--Standard RSP0502-2002, the (B) Defining the excavation urgency as
ECDA plan procedures for pre-assessment immediate, scheduled, or monitored; and
must include (iv) Criteria for scheduling excavations
(i) Provisions for applying more of indications in each urgency level.
restrictive criteria when conducting ECDA (4) Direct examination. In addition to the
for the first time on a pipeline segment; requirements in Section 5 of NACE SP0502
(ii) The basis on which you select at least (incorporated by reference, see
two different, but complementary, indirect 195.3)Standard RP0502-2002, the
assessment tools to assess each ECDA procedures for direct examination of
region; and indications from the indirect examination
(iii) If you utilize an indirect inspection must include
method not described in Appendix A of (i) Provisions for applying more
NACE Standard RP0502-2002, SP0502 restrictive criteria when conducting ECDA
(incorporated by reference, see 195.3), you for the first time on a pipeline segment;
must demonstrate the applicability, (ii) Criteria for deciding what action
validation basis, equipment used, application should be taken if either:
procedure, and utilization of data for the (A) Corrosion defects are discovered that
inspection method. exceed allowable limits (Section 5.5.2.2 of
(3) Indirect examination. In addition to NACE Standard SRP0502-2002SP0502
the requirements in Section 4 of NACE (incorporated by reference, see 195.3)
SP0502 (incorporated by reference, see provides guidance for criteria); or
195.3)Standard RP0502-2002, the (B) Root cause analysis reveals
procedures for indirect examination of the conditions for which ECDA is not suitable
ECDA regions must include (Section 5.6.2 of NACE SP0502
(i) Provisions for applying more (incorporated by reference, see
restrictive criteria when conducting ECDA 195.3)Standard RP0502-2002 provides
for the first time on a pipeline segment; guidance for criteria);
(ii) Criteria for identifying and (iii) Criteria and notification procedures
documenting those indications that must be for any changes in the ECDA plan, including
considered for excavation and direct changes that affect the severity
examination, including at least the classification, the priority of direct
following: examination, and the time frame for direct
(A) The known sensitivities of examination of indications; and
assessment tools; (iv) Criteria that describe how and on
(B) The procedures for using each tool; what basis you will reclassify and re-
and prioritize any of the provisions specified in
(C) The approach to be used for Section 5.9 of NACE SP0502 (incorporated
decreasing the physical spacing of indirect by reference, see 195.3)Standard RP0502-
2002.
(5) Post assessment and continuing and test required by this subpart in sufficient
evaluation. In addition to the requirements detail to demonstrate the adequacy of
in Section 6 of NACE SP 0502 corrosion control measures or that corrosion
(incorporated by reference, see requiring control measures does not exist.
195.3)Standard UP 0502-2002, the You must retain these records for at least 5
procedures for post assessment of the years, except that records related to
effectiveness of the ECDA process must 195.569, 195.573(a) and (b), and
include 195.579(b)(3) and (c) must be retained for as
(i) Measures for evaluating the long-term long as the pipeline remains in service.
effectiveness of ECDA in addressing
external corrosion in pipeline segments; and [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
(ii) Criteria for evaluating whether 2002]
conditions discovered by direct examination
of indications in each ECDA region indicate
a need for reassessment of the pipeline
segment at an interval less than that
specified in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of NACE
SP0502 (see appendix D of NACE SP0502)
(incorporated by reference, see
195.3)Standard RP0502-2002 (see
Appendix D of NACE Standard RP0502-
2002).
[Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25, 2005]
Amdt. 195-94, 75 FR 48593, August 11,
2010]
some modification. The difficulties stem existence of a filing with FERC will be
from some significant differences in the limited to those cases in which it appears
economic regulation of liquid and of natural obvious that a complaint filed with FERC
gas pipelines. There is an affirmative would be successful or in which blind
assertion of jurisdiction by FERC over reliance on a FERC filing would result in a
natural gas pipelines through the issuance of situation clearly not intended by the HLPSA
certificates of public convenience and such as a pipeline facility not being subject
necessity prior to commencing operations. to either State or Federal safety regulation.
With liquid pipelines, there is only a DOT anticipates that the situations in which
rebuttable presumption of jurisdiction there is any question about the validity of the
created by the filing by pipeline operators of FERC filings as a ready reference will be
tariffs (or concurrences) for movement of few and that the actual variations from
liquids through existing facilities. Although reliance on those filings will be rare. The
FERC does police the filings for such following examples indicate the types of
matters as compliance with the general facilities which DOT believes are interstate
duties of common carriers, the question of pipeline facilities subject to the HLPSA
jurisdiction is normally only aired upon despite the lack of a filing with FERC and
complaint. While any person, including the types of facilities over which DOT will
State or Federal agencies can avail generally defer to the jurisdiction of a
themselves of the FERC forum by use of the certifying state despite the existence of a
complaint process, that process has only filing with FERC.
been rarely used to review jurisdictional
matters (probably because of the infrequency Example 1. Pipeline company P
of real disputes on the issue). Where the operates a pipeline from "Point A" located in
issue has arisen, the reviewing body has State X to "Point B" (also in X). The
noted the need to examine various criteria physical facilities never cross a state line and
primarily of an economic nature. DOT do not connect with any other pipeline
believes that, in most cases, the formal which does cross a state line. Pipeline
FERC forum can better receive and evaluate company P also operates another pipeline
the type of information that is needed to between "Point C" in State X and "Point D"
make decisions of this nature than can DOT. in an adjoining State Y. Pipeline company P
In delineating which liquid pipeline files a tariff with FERC for transportation
facilities are interstate pipeline facilities from "Point A" to "Point B" as well as for
within the meaning of the HLPSA, DOT transportation from "Point C" to "Point D."
will generally rely on the FERC filings; that DOT will ignore filing for the line from
is, if there is a tariff or concurrence filed "Point A" to "Point B" and consider the line
with FERC governing the transportation of to be intrastate.
hazardous liquids over a pipeline facility or
if there has been an exemption from the Example 2. Same as in example 1
obligation to file tariffs obtained from except that P does not file any tariffs with
FERC, then DOT will, as a general rule, FERC. DOT will assume jurisdiction of the
consider the facility to be an interstate line between "Point C" and "Point D."
pipeline facility within the meaning of the
HLPSA. The types of situations in which Example 3. Same as in example 1
DOT will ignore the existence or non- except that P files its tariff for the line
between "Point C" and "Point D" not only Example 8. Pipeline Company P is
with FERC but also with State X. DOT will constructing a pipeline from "Point C" (in
rely on the FERC filing as indication of State X) to "Point D" (in State Y). DOT will
interstate commerce. consider the pipeline to be an interstate
pipeline facility.
Example 4. Same as in example 1 Example 9. Pipeline company P is
except that the pipeline from "Point A" to constructing a pipeline from "Point C" to
"Point B" (in State X) connects with a "Point E" (both in State X) but intends to file
pipeline operated by another company that tariffs with FERC in the transportation of
transports liquid between "Point B" (in State hazardous liquid in interstate commerce.
X) and "Point D" (in State Y). DOT will Assuming there is some connection to an
rely on the FERC filing as indication of interstate pipeline facility, DOT will
interstate commerce. consider this line to be an interstate pipeline
facility.
Example 5. Same as in example 1
except that the line between "Point C" and Example 10. Pipeline Company P has
"Point D" has a lateral line connected to it. operated a pipeline subject to FERC
The lateral is located entirely within State X. economic regulation. Solely because of
DOT will rely on the existence or non- some statutory economic deregulation, that
existence of a FERC filing covering pipeline is no longer regulated by FERC.
transportation over that lateral as DOT will continue to consider that pipeline
determinative of interstate commerce. to be an interstate pipeline facility.
Example 6. Same as in example 1 As seen from the examples, the types of
except that the certified agency in State X situations in which DOT will not defer to the
has brought an enforcement action (under FERC regulatory scheme are generally clear-
the pipeline safety laws) against P because cut cases. For the remainder of the
of its operation of the line between "Point situations where variation from the FERC
A" and "Point B." P has successfully scheme would require DOT to replicate the
defended against the action on jurisdictional forum already provided by FERC and to
grounds. DOT will assume jurisdiction if consider economic factors better left to that
necessary to avoid the anomaly of a pipeline agency, DOT will decline to vary its reliance
subject to neither State nor Federal safety on the FERC filings unless, of course, not
enforcement. DOT's assertion of doing so would result in situations clearly
jurisdiction in such a case would be based not intended by the HLPSA.
on the gap in the State's enforcement
authority rather than a DOT decision that the [Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895, Apr. 23,
pipeline is an interstate pipeline facility. 1985]
APPENDIX BRISK-BASED ALTERNATIVE welded pipe (ERW pipe) and lapwelded pipe
TO PRESSURE TESTING OLDER manufactured prior to 1970 and considered a
HAZARDOUS LIQUID AND CARBON DIOXIDE risk classification C or B facility shall be
PIPELINES treated as the top priority for testing because
of the higher risk associated with the
Risk-Based Alternative susceptibility of this pipe to longitudinal
seam failures.
This Appendix provides guidance on In all cases, operators shall annually, at
how a risk-based alternative to pressure intervals not to exceed 15 months, review
testing older hazardous liquid and carbon their facilities to reassess the classification
dioxide pipelines rule allowed by 195.303 and shall take appropriate action within two
will work. This risk-based alternative years or operate the pipeline system at a
establishes test priorities for older pipelines, lower pressure. Pipeline failures, changes in
not previously pressure tested, based on the the characteristics of the pipeline route, or
inherent risk of a given pipeline segment. changes in service should all trigger a
The first step is to determine the reassessment of the originally classification.
classification based on the type of pipe or on Table 1 explains different levels of test
the pipeline segment's proximity to requirements depending on the inherent risk
populated or environmentally sensitive area. of a given pipeline segment. The overall risk
Secondly, the classifications must be classification is determined based on the
adjusted based on the pipeline failure type of pipe involved, the facility's location,
history, product transported, and the release the product transported, the relative volume
volume potential. of flow and pipeline failure history as
Tables 2-6 give definitions of risk determined from Tables 2-6.
classification A, B, and C facilities. For the
purposes of this rule, pipeline segments
containing high risk electric resistance-
1
If operational experience indicates a history of past failures for a particular pipeline system, failure causes (time-
dependent defects due to corrosion, construction, manufacture, or transmission problems, etc.) shall be reviewed in
determining risk classification (See Table 6) and the timing of the pressure test should be accelerated.
2
All pre-1970 ERW pipeline segments may not require testing. In determining which ERW pipeline segments should
be included in this category, an operator must consider the seam-related leak history of the pipe and pipe
manufacturing information as available, which may include the pipe steel's mechanical properties, including fracture
toughness; the manufacturing process and controls related to seam properties, including whether the ERW process
was high-frequency or low-frequency, whether the weld seam was heat treated, whether the seam was inspected, the
test pressure and duration during mill hydrotest; the quality control of the steel-making process; and other factors
pertinent to seam properties and quality.
3
For those pipeline operators with extensive mileage of pre-1970 ERW pipe, any waiver requests for timing relief
should be supported by an assessment of hazards in accordance with location, product, volume, and probability of
failure considerations consistent with Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
4
A magnetic flux leakage or ultrasonic internal inspection survey may be utilized as an alternative to pressure testing
where leak history and operating experience do not indicate leaks caused by longitudinal cracks or seam failures.
5
Pressure tests utilizing a hydrocarbon liquid may be conducted, but only with a liquid which does not vaporize
rapidly.
Note: For Location, Product, Volume, and Probability of Failure Indicators, see Tables 3,
4, 5, and 6.
Tables 4, 5 and 6 are used to establish the PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROBABILITY OF
FAILURE Indicators respectively, in Table 2. The PRODUCT Indicator is selected from Table 4
as H, M, or L based on the acute and chronic hazards associated with the product transported.
The VOLUME Indicator is selected from Table 5 as H, M, or L based on the nominal diameter of
the pipeline. The Probability of Failure Indicator is selected from Table 6.
Table 6 is used to establish the PROBABILITY OF FAILURE Indicator used in Table 2. The
Probability of Failure Indicator is selected from Table 6 as H or L.
Appendix C to Part 195Guidance for (3) Safety risk indicator tables for leak
Implementation of Integrity Management history, volume or line size, age of pipeline,
Program and product transported, an operator may
use to determine if a pipeline segment falls
This Appendix gives guidance to help an into a high, medium or low risk category;
operator implement the requirements of the (4) Types of internal inspection tools an
integrity management program rule in operator could use to find pipeline
195.450 and 195.452. Guidance is anomalies;
provided on: (5) Measures an operator could use to
(1) Information an operator may use to measure an integrity management program's
identify a high consequence area and factors performance; and
an operator can use to consider the potential (6) Types of records an operator will
impacts of a release on an area; have to maintain.
(2) Risk factors an operator can use to (7) Types of conditions that an integrity
determine an integrity assessment schedule; assessment may identify that an operator
spillage could create a vapor cloud that (2) Results from previous
could settle into the lower elevation of the testing/inspection. (See 195.452(h).)
ground profile. (3) Leak History. (See leak history risk
(6) Physical support of the pipeline table.)
segment such as by a cable suspension (4) Known corrosion or condition of
bridge. An operator should look for stress pipeline. (See 195.452(g).)
indicators on the pipeline (strained supports, (5) Cathodic protection history.
inadequate support at towers), atmospheric (6) Type and quality of pipe coating
corrosion, vandalism, and other obvious (disbonded coating results in corrosion).
signs of improper maintenance. (7) Age of pipe (older pipe shows more
(7) Operating conditions of the pipeline corrosionmay be uncoated or have an
(pressure, flow rate, etc.). Exposure of the ineffective coating) and type of pipe seam.
pipeline to an operating pressure exceeding (See Age of Pipe risk table.)
the established maximum operating (8) Product transported (highly volatile,
pressure. highly flammable and toxic liquids present a
(8) The hydraulic gradient of the greater threat for both people and the
pipeline. environment) (see Product transported risk
(9) The diameter of the pipeline, the table.)
potential release volume, and the distance (9) Pipe wall thickness (thicker walls
between the isolation points. give a better safety margin)
(10) Potential physical pathways (10) Size of pipe (higher volume release
between the pipeline and the high if the pipe ruptures).
consequence area. (11) Location related to potential ground
(11) Response capability (time to movement (e.g., seismic faults, rock
respond, nature of response). quarries, and coal mines); climatic
(12) Potential natural forces inherent in (permafrost causes settlementAlaska);
the area (flood zones, earthquakes, geologic (landslides or subsidence).
subsidence areas, etc.) (12) Security of throughput (effects on
II. Risk factors for establishing customers if there is failure requiring
frequency of assessment. shutdown).
A. By assigning weights or values to the (13) Time since the last internal
risk factors, and using the risk indicator inspection/pressure testing.
tables, an operator can determine the priority (14) With respect to previously
for assessing pipeline segments, beginning discovered defects/anomalies, the type,
with those segments that are of highest risk, growth rate, and size.
that have not previously been assessed. This (15) Operating stress levels in the
list provides some guidance on some of the pipeline.
risk factors to consider (see 195.452(e)). (16) Location of the pipeline segment as
An operator should also develop factors it relates to the ability of the operator to
specific to each pipeline segment it is detect and respond to a leak. (e.g., pipelines
assessing, including: deep underground, or in locations that make
(1) Populated areas, unusually sensitive leak detection difficult without specific
environmental areas, National Fish sectional monitoring and/or significantly
Hatcheries, commercially navigable waters, impede access for spill response or any other
areas where people congregate. purpose).
(17) Physical support of the segment Pressure tested: tested once during
such as by a cable suspension bridge. construction
(18) Non-standard or other than Risk Value=5
recognized industry practice on pipeline Coated: (yes/no)yes
installation (e.g., horizontal directional Coating Condition: Recent excavation of
drilling). suspected areas showed holidays in coating
B. Example: This example illustrates a (potential corrosion risk)
hypothetical model used to establish an Risk Value=5
integrity assessment schedule for a Cathodically Protected: (yes/no)yesRisk
hypothetical pipeline segment. After we Value=1
determine the risk factors applicable to the Date cathodic protection installed: five
pipeline segment, we then assign values or years after pipeline was constructed
numbers to each factor, such as, high (5), (Cathodic protection installed within one
moderate (3), or low (1). We can determine year of the pipeline's construction is
an overall risk classification (A, B, C) for generally considered low risk.)Risk
the segment using the risk tables and a Value=3
sliding scale (values 5 to 1) for risk factors Close interval survey: (yes/no)noRisk
for which tables are not provided. We would Value =5
classify a segment as C if it fell above 2/3 of Internal Inspection tool used: (yes/no)yes.
maximum value (highest overall risk value Date of pig run? In last five yearsRisk
for any one segment when compared with Value=1
other segments of a pipeline), a segment as Anomalies found: (yes/no)yes, but do not
B if it fell between 1/3 to 2/3 of maximum pose an immediate safety risk or
value, and the remaining segments as A. environmental hazardRisk Value=3
i. For the baseline assessment schedule, Leak History: yes, one spill in last 10 years.
we would plan to assess 50% of all pipeline (refer to Leak History risk table)Risk
segments covered by the rule, beginning Value=2
with the highest risk segments, within the Product transported: Diesel fuel. Product
first 3 years and the remaining segments low risk. (refer to Product risk table)Risk
within the seven-year period. For the Value=1
continuing integrity assessments, we would Pipe size: 16 inches. Size presents moderate
plan to assess the C segments within the first risk (refer to Line Size risk table)Risk
two (2) years of the schedule, the segments Value=3
classified as moderate risk no later than year iii. Overall risk value for this
three or four and the remaining lowest risk hypothetical segment of pipe is 34. Assume
segments no later than year five (5). we have two other pipeline segments for
ii. For our hypothetical pipeline segment, which we conduct similar risk rankings. The
we have chosen the following risk factors second pipeline segment has an overall risk
and obtained risk factor values from the value of 20, and the third segment, 11. For
appropriate table. The values assigned to the the baseline assessment we would establish
risk factors are for illustration only. a schedule where we assess the first segment
(highest risk segment) within two years, the
Age of pipeline: assume 30 years old (refer second segment within five years and the
to Age of Pipeline risk table) third segment within seven years. Similarly,
Risk Value=5 for the continuing integrity assessment, we
PRODUCT TRANSPORTED
Safety risk indicator Considerations1 Product examples
High (Highly volatile and flammable) (Propane, butane, Natural Gas Liquid (NGL),
ammonia).
Highly toxic (Benzene, high Hydrogen Sulfide content crude
oils).
Medium Flammable<flashpoint 100F (Gasoline, JP4, low flashpoint crude oils).
Low Non-flammableflashpoint (Diesel, fuel oil, kerosene, JP5, most crude oils).
100+F
1
The degree of acute and chronic toxicity to humans, wildlife, and aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility,
flammability, and water solubility determine the Product Indicator. Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act Reportable Quantity values may be used as an indication of chronic toxicity.
National Fire Protection Association health factors may be used for rating acute hazards.
IV. Types of internal inspection tools to (2) Metal Loss Tools (Ultrasonic
use. and Magnetic Flux Leakage) for
An operator should consider at least two determining pipe wall anomalies, e.g.,
types of internal inspection tools for the wall loss due to corrosion.
integrity assessment from the following list. (3) Crack Detection Tools for
The type of tool or tools an operator selects detecting cracks and crack-like
will depend on the results from previous features, e.g., stress corrosion cracking
internal inspection runs, information (SCC), fatigue cracks, narrow axial
analysis and risk factors specific to the corrosion, toe cracks, hook cracks, etc.
pipeline segment: V. Methods to measure
(1) Geometry Internal inspection tools performance.
for detecting changes to ovality, e.g., bends, A. General. (1) This guidance is to
dents, buckles or wrinkles, due to help an operator establish measures to
construction flaws or soil movement, or evaluate the effectiveness of its
other outside force damage; integrity management program. The
performance measures required will depend segment that could affect a high
on the details of each integrity management consequence area is progressing in
program and will be based on an comparison to the operator's other
understanding and analysis of the failure pipeline segments that are not covered
mechanisms or threats to integrity of each by the integrity management
pipeline segment. requirements and how that pipeline
(2) An operator should select a set of segment compares to other operators'
measurements to judge how well its program pipeline segments.
is performing. An operator's objectives for (1) InternalComparing data from
its program are to ensure public safety, the pipeline segment that could affect
prevent or minimize leaks and spills and the high consequence area with data
prevent property and environmental damage. from pipeline segments in other areas
A typical integrity management program of the system may indicate the effects
will be an ongoing program and it may from the attention given to the high
contain many elements. Therefore, several consequence area.
performance measure are likely to be needed (2) ExternalComparing data
to measure the effectiveness of an ongoing external to the pipeline segment (e.g.,
program. OPS incident data) may provide
B. Performance measures. These measures on the frequency and size of
measures show how a program to control leaks in relation to other companies.
risk on pipeline segments that could affect a D. Examples. Some examples of
high consequence area is progressing under performance measures an operator
the integrity management requirements. could use include
Performance measures generally fall into (1) A performance measurement
three categories: goal to reduce the total volume from
(1) Selected Activity Measures unintended releases by -% (percent to
Measures that monitor the surveillance and be determined by operator) with an
preventive activities the operator has ultimate goal of zero.
implemented. These measure indicate how (2) A performance measurement
well an operator is implementing the various goal to reduce the total number of
elements of its integrity management unintended releases (based on a
program. threshold of 5 gallons) by ____-%
(2) Deterioration MeasuresOperation (percent to be determined by operator)
and maintenance trends that indicate when with an ultimate goal of zero.
the integrity of the system is weakening (3) A performance measurement
despite preventive measures. This category goal to document the percentage of
of performance measure may indicate that integrity management activities
the system condition is deteriorating despite completed during the calendar year.
well executed preventive activities. (4) A performance measurement
(3) Failure MeasuresLeak History, goal to track and evaluate the
incident response, product loss, etc. These effectiveness of the operator's
measures will indicate progress towards community outreach activities.
fewer spills and less damage. (5) A narrative description of
C. Internal vs. External Comparisons. pipeline system integrity, including a
These comparisons show how a pipeline summary of performance