Design of Cooling Tower

From the condenser

t8 = 43.76
O = (2.8 o- 5.6) oC ; use 2.8 o C

O = (5.6 o- 16.7) oC ; use 7 o C

QC = 49,956.14546 kJ/s

tWBI = t8 - O1 = 43.76 - 2.8

tWBI = 40.96 o C

tWAI = tWBI - O2 = 40.96 - 7

tWAl = 33.96 o C

tWB = tWAl - O1 = 33.96 - 2.8

tWB = 31.16 o C

tWA = tWB - O2 = 31.16 - 7

tWA = 24.16 o C

Nct = tWB - tWA x 100%

tWB - tW1

Nct = 31.16 - 24.16 x 100%

31.16 - 20
Nct = 62.724%

The efficiency of Cooling tower is greater than 60% therefore the

design is a Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower

QW = Ww(CW)( tWB - tWA)

Ww = QW
(CW)( tWB - tWA)
Ww = 101,377.128
(4.187)(31.16 - 24.16)

Ww = 3458.907776 kg/s

From Steam Table, use interpolation

hA = hf @ tWA

Temperature(oC) Enthalpy

24 100.7
a
b 24.16 hA c

25 104.89

hA = 100.7 + ac
b
hA = 100.7 + (24.16 - 24)(100.7 - 104.89)
(25 - 24)
hA = 101.3704

hB = hf @ tWB

Temperature(oC) Enthalpy

31 129.97
a
b 31.16 hB c

32 134.15

hA = 129.97 + ac
b
hA = 129.97 + (31.16 - 31)(134.15 - 129.97)
(32 - 31)
hA = 130.6388
hC = hf @ 20 oC

hC = 83.96

wa2

ha2

ha1

wa1 1 2

20 oC 30 oC 31.16
o
C

Figure: Psychrometric Analysis

ha1 = 57.50 kJ/kg ha2 = 88.5 kJ/kg

wa1 = 0.0105kgair/kgfuel wa2 = 0.0228kgair/kgfuel

td1 = 30 oC tw2 = 20 oC

wm = (wa2 - wa1) = (0.0228 - 0.0105) = 0.0123

Material Balance

1 kg/air (ha1) + xll (hB) + wm (hC) = 1 kg/air (ha2) + xll (hA)

57.5 + xll (130.6388) + 0.0123 (83.96) = 88.5 + x ll (101.3704)

xll = 1.02387872
Wml = Wair (Wm)

Wair = WW
xll

Wair = 3458.907776
1.02387872

Wair = 3378.239735 kg/s

Wml = 0.0123 (3378.239735) = 41.55234874 kg/s

Size of Blower

Vair = Wair (Va1 ); Va1 = 0.873m3/kg

Vair = 3378.239735 (0.873)

Vair = 2949.203289 m3/s

Temperature Approach

tWA = 24,16 -------------------------- 24.16 (9/5) + 32 -----------------------

75.488 oF

tWB = 31,16 -------------------------- 31.16 (9/5) + 32 -----------------------

88.088 oF

tWC = 20 ---------------------------- 20 (9/5) + 32 ------------------------- 68 oF

tapp = (tWA - tWC) = 75.488 - 68 = 7.488 oF

From KENT ls Mechanical Handbook (Power Volume) 9-28

Use Small Approach (4-8) oF (35-40) ft

Temperature(oF) ft

4 35
a
b 7.488 H c
 8 40

H = 35 + ac
b
H = 35 + (7.488 - 7)(40-35)
(8 - 4)
H = 39.36 ft

From Fig.6 Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Sizing Chart p.9-25

(Courtesy of the fluor Corp., Ltd)

WC = 2.8 gpm/sq.ft

ACT = WW
WC
ACT = 3458.907776 (60s)(1L/1kg)(1gal/3.785L)
2.8 gpm/ft2

ACT = 19,582.41806 ft2

ACT = L (W) ; L = (2W) ; ACT =2W (W)

W =
ACT
2

W =
19,582.4180
6
2
W = 98.9505383ft 30.16012407m

L = 2W = 2 (98.9505383)

L = 197.9010766 60.32024815m
DESIGN OF
COOLING
TOWER
 Figure: Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower is a heat exchanger, inside of which heat is

withdrawn from the water by contact between the water and the air.
The heat transfer occurs through the heat exchange between air and
water and through the evaporation of a small part of the water that
needs to be cooled.

Hyperboloid (incorrectly known as hyperbolic) cooling

towers have become the design standard for all natural draft cooling
towers because of their structural strength and minimum usage of
material. The hyperboloid shape also aids in accelerating the upward
convective air flow, improving cooling efficiency.