Histology

science that deals with the study of different

tissues

Tissues
group of similar cells that perform a definite
function
 4 Fundamental Types of Tissues:
1.Epithelial tissue
covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body
cavities
Functions:
a. protection
b. absorption
c. filtration
d. secretion
2. Connective tissue
protects and supports the body and organs
binds organs together (ex. reticular tissue)
stores energy (ex. adipose tissue)
3. Muscle tissue
generates physical force needed to make
the body structures move

4. Nervous tissue
reception of stimuli and conduction of
impulses that coordinate body activities
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
 Epithelial Tissue:

Covering , Lining Epithelium

forms the outer covering of the skin
forms the inner lining of blood vessels, ducts,
body cavities and interior of respiratory,
digestive, urinary and reproductive systems
classified according to two characteristics
A. arrangement of cells into layers
B. shapes of the cell
Glandular Epithelium
constitutes the secreting portion of glands
ex. sweat glands
 Epithelial Tissue

General Features of Epithelial

tissue:
cells are arranged in continuous
sheet
cells are compactly arranged in
one or more layers
single layer or multiple layers
basement layer
simple epithelium - cells are
attached to the basement
membrane
stratified epithelium only basal
cells are attached
avascular
exchange of material between
epithelium and connective tissue
is by diffusion
I. Covering and Lining Epithelia
A. Simple Epithelia:
Simple Squamous Epithelium

Description:
single layer of squamous cells, nucleus centrally located
Location:
Air sac of the lungs
Walls of capillaries
Bowmans capsule of kidney; sinusoidal vessels of liver
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Specimen: cheek cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Specimen: sinusoids of the liver
 Simple Squamous Epithelium
Specimen: Bowmans capsule of kidney
 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Description:
single layer of cuboidal shaped cells
Location:
walls of kidney tubules,
salivary glands and ducts
surface of ovaries
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium

cuboidal cells (A) that

line kidney tubules are
as wide as they are tall
nuclei (B) are easily
observed.

Cross section of kidney

 Simple Columnar Epithelium

Description:
single layer of columnar shaped cell
Goblet cells secrete mucus for lubrication
nuclei near the base of the cell
Location:
lines the entire length of digestive tract (stomach to the
anus)
Simple Columnar Epithelium

Cells (A) are not as

wide as they are tall
nuclei (B) located at
the base of the cells.
cell membranes (C)
are very thin but
easily identified.

cross section of small intestine

Specimen: small intestine
Goblet cells - epithelial cells whose
sole function is to secrete mucus
 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Description:
not a true stratified tissue
some cells are shorter, nuclei of the cells are at different levels
all the cells attached to the basement membrane
Cilia- propel debris and dust laden mucus
Location:
Lining of respiratory tract respiratory epithelium
columnar cells all
begin at the basement
membrane; only a few
reach the surface.
nuclei appear at
various levels giving
the tissue a stratified
appearance.
cilia are easily seen
B. Stratified Epithelium
- two or more layers of cells
- more durable and gives better protection to
underlying tissues
- name of specific kind of stratified epithelium
depends on the shape of the cells in the apical
layer
 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Description:
composed of cells with varying forms
deep layer or basal layer cuboidal to columnar in shape
Apical layer squamous in shape
Location:
Keratinized
superficial layer of skin
Non-keratinized
lines wet surfaces ( lining of the mouth, esophagus, vagina)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Non-keratinizing
Specimen: Esophagus
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Keratinizing
Specimen: Skin
 Stratified Cuboidal epithelium

Description:
apical layer are cube-shaped
Location:
ducts of adult sweat gland (interlobular duct
submaxillary/submandibular gland)
 Stratified Columnar epithelium

Description:
rare type
Basal layer irregular
Apical layer columnar cells
Location: small areas in anal mucous membrane, part of
the conjunctiva of the eye, male urethra
 Transitional epithelium

Description:
basal cells are cuboidal or columnar in shape
- appearrance is variable/change in shape (transitional)
unstretched cells are umbrella shaped or dome shaped
stretched/distended cells change to squamous shape
Location:
found lining cavities that can expand (urinary bladder,ureters and
part of urethra)
Glandular Epithelium:
consists single or group of cells that secrete substances
a. into a surface (covering and lining epithelium)
b. into the blood
Classified as:
A. Exocrine glands
secretions flow by way of tube-like
duct and empty into the surface
of a covering or lining epithelium
exocrine secretions reach the skin
surface or the lumen of a hollow
organ
ex. Sudoriferous gland
mammary gland
sebaceous glands
 B. Endocrine glands
secrete their products
into the bloodstream
ductless gland
hormones
ex. thyroid, pituitary
QUIZ
Quiz!! 4

Can You Identify the

Epithelium? 3

1
2
What type of epithelium is located at the
tip of the arrow?
5
What type of epithelium is shown in these
images? ( Specify)

6 7
What type of epithelium is shown in this
image?
8
Identify the specimen.

9
10
11. Identify the specimen
12. Identify the lining epithelium
13. Identify the lining epithelium.
14. Give the source of this lining epithelium.
15. Identify the specimen.