Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment

Section 1 Interference: Practice 3.In a double-slit experiment, physics students use a

Problems
1.Violet light falls on two slits separated by
5
1.9010 m. A first-order bright band appears
13.2mmfromthecentralbrightbandonascreen
0.600mfromtheslits.Whatis?
SOLUTION:
laser with = 632.8nm.Astudentplacesthe
screen1.000mfromtheslitsandfindsthefirst-
orderbrightband65.5mmfromthecentralline.
Whatistheslitseparation?
SOLUTION:

4.CHALLENGE Yellow-orange light with a

2.Yellow-orange light from a sodium lamp of wavelengthof596nmpassesthroughtwoslitsthat
wavelength596nmisaimedattwoslitsthatare 5
areseparatedby2.2510 m and makes an
separatedby1.90105m. What is the distance interference pattern on a screen. If the distance from
from the central band to the first-order yellow band 2
the central line to the first-orderyellowbandis2.0010 m,
ifthescreenis0.600mfromtheslits? how far is the screen from the slits?

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

3.In a double-slit experiment, physics students use a

laser with = 632.8nm.Astudentplacesthe
screen1.000mfromtheslitsandfindsthefirst-
orderbrightband65.5mmfromthecentralline.
Whatistheslitseparation?
SOLUTION:
5.InthesituationinExampleProblem2,whatwould
be the thinnest film that would create a reflected red
(= 635nm)band?
SOLUTION:

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Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment

5.InthesituationinExampleProblem2,whatwould 6.A glass lens has a nonreflective coating placed on it.

be the thinnest film that would create a reflected red If a film of magnesium fluoride is placed on the glass,
(= 635nm)band? how thick should the layer be to keep yellow-green
light (=555nm)frombeingreflected?Seethe
sketch in Figure9.
SOLUTION:

6.A glass lens has a nonreflective coating placed on it.
SOLUTION:
If a film of magnesium fluoride is placed on the glass,
how thick should the layer be to keep yellow-green Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
light (=555nm)frombeingreflected?Seethe on the first reflection. Because nglass > nfilm,
sketch in Figure9.
there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection. For destructive interference to keep
yellow-green from being reflected:

For the thinnest film, m = 0.

SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nglass > nfilm,
there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection. For destructive interference to keep 7.You can observe thin-film interference by dipping a
bubble wand into some bubble solution and holding
yellow-green from being reflected:
the wand in the air. What is the thickness of the
thinnest soap film at which you would see a black
stripe if the light illuminating the film has a
wavelengthof521nm?Usen=1.33forthebubble
solution.

For Manual
eSolutions the thinnest
- Poweredfilm, m = 0.
by Cognero Page 2
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase change on
Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
7.You can observe thin-film interference by dipping a
bubble wand into some bubble solution and holding
the wand in the air. What is the thickness of the
thinnest soap film at which you would see a black
stripe if the light illuminating the film has a
wavelengthof521nm?Usen=1.33forthebubble
solution.
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase change on
the first reflection. Because nair < nfilm, there is
no phase change on the second reflection.
For destructive interference to get a black
stripe
For the thinnest film, m = 1.
8.What is the thinnest soap film (n=1.33)forwhich
lightofwavelength521nmwillconstructively
interfere with itself?
SOLUTION:
9.CHALLENGE Abysilicon solar
cell has a
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nonreflective coating placed on it. If a film of silicon
monoxide, n= 1.45, is placed on the silicon, n= 3.5,
9.CHALLENGE A silicon solar cell has a
nonreflective coating placed on it. If a film of silicon
monoxide, n= 1.45, is placed on the silicon, n= 3.5,
how thick should the layer be to keep yellow-green
light (= 555nm)frombeingreflected?
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nsilicon > nfilm,
there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection. For destructive interference to keep
yellow-green from being reflected:
For the thinnest film, m = 0.
Section 1 Interference: Review
10.MAIN IDEA Two very narrow slits are cut close
to each other in a large piece of cardboard. They are
illuminated by monochromatic red light. A sheet of
white paper is placed far from the slits, and a pattern
of bright and dark bands is seen on the paper.
Describe how a wave behaves when it encounters a
slit, and explain why some regions are bright while
others are dark.
SOLUTION:
When a wave encounters a slit, the wave bends.
Light is diffracted by the slits. Light from one
slit interferes with light from the other. If
interference is constructive, there is a bright
band; if destructive, the region is dark.
11.Interference Patterns Sketch the pattern
described in the previous problem.
Page 3
SOLUTION:
 Light is diffracted by the slits. Light from one
slit interferes with light from the other. If
interference is constructive, there is a bright
band; if destructive, the region is dark. The light bands become more closely spaced
Chapter
19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment than when using blue light.

11.Interference Patterns Sketch the pattern
described in the previous problem.
SOLUTION:
12.Interference Patterns Sketch what happens to the
pattern in the previous two problems when the red
light is replaced by blue light.
SOLUTION:
13.Lucien is blowing bubbles and holds the bubble wand
with a soap film (n=1.33)initvertically.
a. What is the second thinnest width of the soap film
at which he could see a bright stripe if the light
illuminatingthefilmhasawavelengthof575nm?
b. What other widths produce a bright stripe at
575nm?
SOLUTION:
a.Thereisonephaseinversion,soconstructive
interference will be when .
For the second thinnest thickness, m = 1.

The light bands become more closely spaced
than when using blue light.

b. For the general case, where m can be any
13.Lucien is blowing bubbles and holds the bubble wand integer:
with a soap film (n=1.33)initvertically.

a. What is the second thinnest width of the soap film
at which he could see a bright stripe if the light
illuminatingthefilmhasawavelengthof575nm?
b. What other widths produce a bright stripe at
575nm?

SOLUTION:

a.Thereisonephaseinversion,soconstructive Thus, any odd-integer multiple of 108 nm will
produce a bright stripe.
interference will be when .
Section 1 Interference: Review
For the second thinnest thickness, m = 1.
14.Lightofwavelength542nmfallsonadoubleslit.
Use the values from Figure11 to determine how far
apart the slits are.

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 SOLUTION:
sin = tan totwosignificantdigitsupto9.9.
Thus, any odd-integer multiple of 108 nm will An increase in the precision of the
Chapter 19 Practice
produce a bright Problems,
stripe. Review, and Assessment measurementreducesthisangleto2.99.

Section 1 Interference: Review Section 2 Diffraction: Practice

14.Lightofwavelength542nmfallsonadoubleslit.
Use the values from Figure11 to determine how far
apart the slits are.
Problems
16.Monochromaticgreenlightofwavelength546nm
fallsonasingleslitwithawidthof0.095mm.The
slitislocated75cmfromascreen.Howwidewill
the central bright band be?
SOLUTION:

SOLUTION:

17.Yellowlightwithawavelengthof589nmpasses
throughaslitofwidth0.110mmandmakesapattern
on a screen. If the width of the central bright band is
2
2.6010 m, how far is it from the slits to the
screen?


SOLUTION:

15.Critical Thinking The equation for wavelength

from a double-slit experiment uses the simplification
that issmallsothatsintan. Up to what angle
is this a good approximation when your data has two
significant figures? Would the maximum angle for a
valid approximation increase or decrease as you
increase the precision of your angle measurement?


SOLUTION:
sin = tan totwosignificantdigitsupto9.9. 18.Light from a He-Ne laser (=632.8nm)fallsona
An increase in the precision of the slit of unknown width. A pattern is formed on a
measurementreducesthisangleto2.99. screen1.15maway,onwhichthecentralbright
bandis15.0mmwide.Howwideistheslit?

Section 2 Diffraction: Practice SOLUTION:
Problems

16.Monochromaticgreenlightofwavelength546nm
fallsonasingleslitwithawidthof0.095mm.The
slitislocated75cmfromascreen.Howwidewill
the central bright band be?

SOLUTION:
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Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
18.Light from a He-Ne laser (=632.8nm)fallsona
slit of unknown width. A pattern is formed on a
screen1.15maway,onwhichthecentralbright
bandis15.0mmwide.Howwideistheslit?
SOLUTION:
19.Yellowlightfallsonasingleslit0.0295mmwide.On
ascreenthatis60.0cmaway,thecentralbright
bandis24.0mmwide.Whatisthewavelengthofthe
light?
SOLUTION:
20.CHALLENGE White light falls on a single slit that
is0.050mmwide.Ascreenisplaced1.00maway.
A student first puts a blue-violet filter (=441nm)
over the slit, then a red filter (=622nm).The
student measures the width of the central bright
band.
a. Which filter produced the wider band?
b. Calculate the width of the central bright band for
both filters.
SOLUTION:
a. Red, because the width of the central bright
band is proportional to wavelength.
b.
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20.CHALLENGE White light falls on a single slit that
is0.050mmwide.Ascreenisplaced1.00maway.
A student first puts a blue-violet filter (=441nm)
over the slit, then a red filter (=622nm).The
student measures the width of the central bright
band.
a. Which filter produced the wider band?
b. Calculate the width of the central bright band for
both filters.
SOLUTION:
a. Red, because the width of the central bright
band is proportional to wavelength.
b.
21.White light shines through a grating onto a screen.
Describe the pattern that is produced.
SOLUTION:
A full spectrum of color is seen. Because of the
variety of wavelengths, dark fringes of one
wavelength are filled by bright fringes of
another color.
22.Ifbluelightofwavelength434nmshinesona
diffraction grating and the spacing of the resulting
linesonascreenthatis1.05mawayis0.55m,what
is the spacing between the slits in the grating?
SOLUTION:
Page 6
 A full spectrum of color is seen. Because of the
variety of wavelengths, dark fringes of one
wavelength are filled by bright fringes of
Chapter 19 Practice
another color. Problems, Review, and Assessment
22.Ifbluelightofwavelength434nmshinesona 24.Blue light shines on the DVD in Example Problem 3.
diffraction grating and the spacing of the resulting
linesonascreenthatis1.05mawayis0.55m,what
is the spacing between the slits in the grating?
SOLUTION:
23.A diffraction grating with slits separated by
7
8.6010 m is illuminated by violet light with a
wavelengthof421nm.Ifthescreenis80.0cmfrom
the grating, what is the separation of the lines in the
diffraction pattern?
SOLUTION:
24.Blue light shines on the DVD in Example Problem 3.
Ifthedotsproducedonawallthatis0.65maway
areseparatedby58.0cm,whatisthewavelengthof
the light?
SOLUTION:
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Ifthedotsproducedonawallthatis0.65maway
areseparatedby58.0cm,whatisthewavelengthof
the light?
SOLUTION:
25.Challenge Lightofwavelength632nmpasses
through a diffraction grating and creates a pattern on
ascreenthatis0.55maway.Ifthefirstbrightband
is5.6cmfromthecentralbrightband,howmany
slits per centimeter does the grating have?
SOLUTION:
Section 2 Diffraction: Review
26.MAIN IDEA Many narrow slits are close to each
other and equally spaced in a large piece of
cardboard. They are illuminated by monochromatic
red light. A sheet of white paper is placed far from
the slits, and a pattern of bright and dark bands is
visible on the paper. Sketch the pattern that would be
seen on the screen.
SOLUTION:
Page 7
Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment

Section 2 Diffraction: Review
26.MAIN IDEA Many narrow slits are close to each
other and equally spaced in a large piece of
cardboard. They are illuminated by monochromatic
red light. A sheet of white paper is placed far from
the slits, and a pattern of bright and dark bands is
visible on the paper. Sketch the pattern that would be
seen on the screen.
SOLUTION:
28.Line Spacing You shine a red laser light through
one diffraction grating and form a pattern of red dots
on a screen. Then you substitute a second diffraction
grating for the first one, forming a different pattern.
The dots produced by the first grating are spread out
more than those produced by the second. Which
grating has more lines per millimeter?
SOLUTION:
, so the greater the dot spacing (x) the
narrower the slit spacing (d) and thus more
lines per millimeter.

29.First-Order Dark Bands Monochromatic green

lightofwavelength546nmfallsonasingleslitof
width and location from a screen shown in
Figure22. What is the separation of the first-order
dark bands?
Band spacing is exactly the same as in the
pattern produced by the two slits, but now light
bands are much thinner and separated by wider
dark bands.

27.Rayleigh Criterion The brightest star in the winter

sky in the northern hemisphere is Sirius. In reality,
Sirius is a system of two stars that orbit each other.
If the Hubble Space Telescope(diameter2.4m)is
pointedattheSiriussystem,whichis8.44light-years SOLUTION:
from Earth, what is the minimum separation there
would need to be between the stars in order for the
telescope to be able to resolve them? Assume that
the light coming from the stars has a wavelength of
550@nm.


SOLUTION:
30.Critical Thinking You are shown a spectrometer
and are not told whether it has been constructed with
a prism or a diffraction grating. If you look at a
spectrum of white light passing through the
spectrometer, how could you determine which device
produced the spectrum?

28.Line Spacing You shine a red laser light through SOLUTION:
one diffraction grating and form a pattern of red dots Determine if the violet or the red end of the
on a screen. Then you substitute a second diffraction spectrum makes the largest angle with the
grating for the first one, forming a different pattern. direction of the beam of incident white light. A
The dots produced by the first grating are spread out prism bends the violet end of the spectrum the
moreManual
eSolutions than -those produced
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grating has more lines per millimeter? wavelengths the most.


Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
30.Critical Thinking You are shown a spectrometer
and are not told whether it has been constructed with
a prism or a diffraction grating. If you look at a
spectrum of white light passing through the
spectrometer, how could you determine which device
produced the spectrum?
SOLUTION:
Determine if the violet or the red end of the
spectrum makes the largest angle with the
direction of the beam of incident white light. A
prism bends the violet end of the spectrum the
most, whereas a grating diffracts red
wavelengths the most.
Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Concepts
31.Why is it important that monochromatic light was
used to make the interference pattern in the double-
slit experiment?
SOLUTION:
When monochromatic light is used, you get a
sharp interference pattern; if you use white
light, you get sets of colored bands.
32.Explain why the position of the central bright band of
a double-slit interference pattern cannot be used to
determine the wavelength of the light.
SOLUTION:
All wavelengths produce the line in the same
place.
33.Describe how you could use light of a known
wavelength to find the distance between two narrow
slits.
SOLUTION:
Let the light fall on the double slit, and let the
interference pattern fall on a sheet of paper.
Measure the spacing between the bright
bands, x, and use the equation . bright band. What is the wavelength of the light?
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eSolutions
34.Describe in your own words what happens in thin-
SOLUTION:
All wavelengths produce the line in the same
place.
33.Describe how you could use light of a known
wavelength to find the distance between two narrow
slits.
SOLUTION:
Let the light fall on the double slit, and let the
interference pattern fall on a sheet of paper.
Measure the spacing between the bright
bands, x, and use the equation .
34.Describe in your own words what happens in thin-
film interference when a colored band is produced by
light shining on a soap film suspended in air. Make
sure you include in your explanation how the
wavelength of the light and the thickness of the film
are related.
SOLUTION:
When the light strikes the front of the film,
some reflects off this surface and some passes
through the film and reflects off the back
surface of the film. When light reflects off a
medium with a higher index of refraction, it
undergoes a phase shift of one-half wavelength;
this happens to the light that initially reflects. In
order for a colored band to be produced, two
light rays must be in phase. If the thickness of
the film is such that the ray reflecting off the
back surface goes through a multiple of half of a
cycle while passing through the film, the light
rays arriving at your eye will be in phase and
constructively interfere. Remember that the
index of refraction of the film determines
whether the wave is inverted, so that the
thickness of the film must equal a multiple of
half a wavelength of the light, divided by the
films index of refraction.
Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Problems
35.Lightfallsonapairofslits19.0m apart and
80.0cmfromascreen,asshowninFigure23.The
first-orderbrightbandis1.90cmfromthecentral
(Level1)
Page 9
 index of refraction of the film determines
whether the wave is inverted, so that the
thickness of the film must equal a multiple of
Chapter
half a19wavelength
Practice Problems, Review,
of the light, dividedand
by Assessment
the
films index of refraction.

Chapter Assessment
Section 1 Interference: Mastering
Problems
35.Lightfallsonapairofslits19.0m apart and
80.0cmfromascreen,asshowninFigure23.The
first-orderbrightbandis1.90cmfromthecentral
bright band. What is the wavelength of the light?
(Level1)
36.Oil Slick After a short spring rain shower, Tom and
Ann take their basset hound for a walk and notice a
thin film of oil (n=1.45)onapuddleofwater,
producing different colors. What is the minimum
thickness of a place where the oil creates
constructive interference for light with a wavelength
equalto545nm?(Level1)
SOLUTION:
There is one phase inversion, so constructive

interference will be when

For the minimum thickness, m = 0.


SOLUTION:

37.Film Thickness A plastic reflecting film (n=1.83)

36.Oil Slick After a short spring rain shower, Tom and
Ann take their basset hound for a walk and notice a
thin film of oil (n=1.45)onapuddleofwater,
producing different colors. What is the minimum
thickness of a place where the oil creates
constructive interference for light with a wavelength
equalto545nm?(Level1)
SOLUTION:
There is one phase inversion, so constructive
interference will be when
is placed on an auto glass window (n=1.52).What
is the thinnest film that will reflect yellow-green light
(=555nm)?Unfortunately,afilmthisthincannot
be manufactured. What is the next-thinnest film that
willproducethesameeffect?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is an inversion on
the first reflection. Because nglass < nfilm, there
isnoinversiononthesecondreflection.
For constructive interference to reflect yellow-
green light:

For the minimum thickness, m = 0.
For the thinnest film, m = 0.

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Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
37.Film Thickness A plastic reflecting film (n=1.83)
is placed on an auto glass window (n=1.52).What
is the thinnest film that will reflect yellow-green light
(=555nm)?Unfortunately,afilmthisthincannot
be manufactured. What is the next-thinnest film that
willproducethesameeffect?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is an inversion on
the first reflection. Because nglass < nfilm, there
isnoinversiononthesecondreflection.
For constructive interference to reflect yellow-
green light:
For the thinnest film, m = 0.
For the next-thinnest film, m = 1.
38.Insulation Film Winter is approaching and
Alejandro is helping to cover the windows in his
home with thin sheets of clear plastic (n=1.81)to
keep the drafts out. After the plastic is taped up
around the windows, the plastic is heated with a hair
dryer to shrink-wrap the window, which alters the
thickness but not the refractive index of the plastic.
Alejandro notices a place on the plastic where there
is a blue stripe of color. He realizes that this is
created by thin-film interference. What are three
possible thicknesses of the plastic where the blue
stripe is produced if the wavelength of the light is
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445nm?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
38.Insulation Film Winter is approaching and
Alejandro is helping to cover the windows in his
home with thin sheets of clear plastic (n=1.81)to
keep the drafts out. After the plastic is taped up
around the windows, the plastic is heated with a hair
dryer to shrink-wrap the window, which alters the
thickness but not the refractive index of the plastic.
Alejandro notices a place on the plastic where there
is a blue stripe of color. He realizes that this is
created by thin-film interference. What are three
possible thicknesses of the plastic where the blue
stripe is produced if the wavelength of the light is
445nm?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
39.Ranking Task Five different lasers produce
double-slit interference patterns. In each case, the slit
separationis0.035mm.Rankthemaccordingtothe
wavelength of the lasers, from shortest to longest.
Specificallyindicateanyties.(Level3)
A:Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby12mm.
B :Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby16mm.
C:Thescreenis1.3mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby20mm. Page 11
D:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby40mm.

Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
39.Ranking Task Five different lasers produce
double-slit interference patterns. In each case, the slit
separationis0.035mm.Rankthemaccordingtothe
wavelength of the lasers, from shortest to longest.
Specificallyindicateanyties.(Level3)
A:Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby12mm.
B :Thescreenis0.95mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby16mm.
C:Thescreenis1.3mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby20mm.
D:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby40mm.
E:Thescreenis2.8mfromtheslits,andadjacent
brightspotsareseparatedby50mm.
SOLUTION:
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Concepts
40.BIG IDEA White light shines through a diffraction
grating. Are the resulting red lines spaced more
closely or farther apart than the resulting violet lines?
Why?
SOLUTION:
The spacing is directly proportional to the
wavelength, and because red light has a longer
wavelength than violet, the red lines will be
spaced farther apart than the violet lines.
41.Why do diffraction gratings have large numbers of
slits? Why are these slits so close together?
SOLUTION:
The large number of grooves in diffraction
gratings increases the intensity of the
diffraction patterns. The grooves are close
together, producing sharper images of light.
42.TelescopesWhy would a telescope with a small
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diameter be unable to resolve the images of two
closely spaced stars?
The large number of grooves in diffraction
gratings increases the intensity of the
diffraction patterns. The grooves are close
together, producing sharper images of light.
42.TelescopesWhy would a telescope with a small
diameter be unable to resolve the images of two
closely spaced stars?
SOLUTION:
Small apertures have large diffraction patterns
that limit resolution.
43.Reverse Problem Write a physics problem with
real-life objects for which the following equation
would be part of the solution:
SOLUTION:
Answers will vary, but a correct form of the
answer is, Light of wavelength 530 nm is
shone through a slit of width 0.20 mm. If a
diffraction pattern is made on a screen 2.00 m
away, what is the distance from the center of the
pattern to the first dark band?
44.Problem Posing Complete this problem so that it
can be solved using the Rayleigh criterion: A
telescope currently being designed is to have an
aperture that is 8.0 m in diameter.
SOLUTION:
Answers will vary. A possible form of the
correct answer would be, .If resolution were
to be diffraction-limited, what would be the
smallest angle that could be resolved if the
incoming light had a wavelength of 550 nm?
45.For a given diffraction grating, which color of visible
light produces a bright line closest to the central
bright band?
SOLUTION:
violet light, the color with the smallest
wavelength
46.When you look at an incandescent lamp through a
pair of funglasses you see thin stripes of spectral
colors going out from the light in eight directions as in
Figure24. You recognize that the glasses act likePage 12
diffraction gratings. What are the directions of the
scratches in these glasses?

SOLUTION:
violet light, the color with the smallest
Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
wavelength
46.When you look at an incandescent lamp through a
pair of funglasses you see thin stripes of spectral
colors going out from the light in eight directions as in
Figure24. You recognize that the glasses act like
diffraction gratings. What are the directions of the
scratches in these glasses?
SOLUTION:
Horizontal scratches produce up and down
spectra; vertical scratches produce the left and
right. Two other stripes are from scratches at
o
45 above and below the horizontal.
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Problems
47.Monochromatic light passes through a single slit
0.010-cmwideandfallsonascreen100cmaway,
as shown in Figure25. If the width of the central
bandis1.20cm,whatisthewavelengthofthelight?
(Level1)
SOLUTION:
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Horizontal scratches produce up and down
spectra; vertical scratches produce the left and
right. Two other stripes are from scratches at
o
45 above and below the horizontal.
Chapter Assessment
Section 2 Diffraction: Mastering
Problems
47.Monochromatic light passes through a single slit
0.010-cmwideandfallsonascreen100cmaway,
as shown in Figure25. If the width of the central
bandis1.20cm,whatisthewavelengthofthelight?
(Level1)
SOLUTION:
3
48.Agooddiffractiongratinghas2.510 linespercm.
Whatisthedistancebetweentwolines?(Level1)
SOLUTION:
49.Lightwithawavelengthof455nmpassesthrougha
singleslitandfallsonascreen100cmaway.Ifthe
slitis0.015cmwide,whatisthedistancefromthe
centerofthepatterntothefirstdarkband?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
Page 13
Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment

49.Lightwithawavelengthof455nmpassesthrougha
singleslitandfallsonascreen100cmaway.Ifthe
slitis0.015cmwide,whatisthedistancefromthe
centerofthepatterntothefirstdarkband?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
51.Monochromaticlightwithawavelengthof425nm
passes through a single slit and falls on a screen
75cmaway.Ifthecentralbrightbandis0.60cm
wide,whatisthewidthoftheslit?(Level3)
SOLUTION:

50.Kaleidoscope The mirrors have been removed

from a kaleidoscope. The diameter of the eyehole at
theendis7.0mm.Iftwobluish-purple specks on the 52.Hubble Space Telescope Suppose the Hubble
otherendofthekaleidoscopeseparatedby40m Space Telescope,2.4mindiameter,isinorbit
are barely distinguishable, what is the length of the 5
1.010 m above Earth and is turned to view Earth,
kaleidoscope? Use =650nmandassumethe
resolution is diffraction limited through the eyehole. as shown in Figure26. If you ignore the effect of
(Level3) the atmosphere, how large an object can the
telescope resolve? Use =515nm.(Level2)

SOLUTION:

51.Monochromaticlightwithawavelengthof425nm
passes through a single slit and falls on a screen
75cmaway.Ifthecentralbrightbandis0.60cm SOLUTION:
wide,whatisthewidthoftheslit?(Level3)

SOLUTION:

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Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
52.Hubble Space Telescope Suppose the Hubble
Space Telescope,2.4mindiameter,isinorbit
5 632nm,andbluelight,421nm,havefirst-order bright
1.010 m above Earth and is turned to view Earth,
as shown in Figure26. If you ignore the effect of
the atmosphere, how large an object can the
telescope resolve? Use =515nm.(Level2)
SOLUTION:
53.Spectroscope A spectroscope uses a grating with
12,000lines/cm.Findtheanglesatwhichredlight,
632nm,andbluelight,421nm,havefirst-order bright
lines.(Level3)
SOLUTION:
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53.Spectroscope A spectroscope uses a grating with
12,000lines/cm.Findtheanglesatwhichredlight,
lines.(Level3)
SOLUTION:
Chapter Assessment: Applying
Concepts
54.Science Fair At a science fair, one exhibition is a
very large soap film that has a fairly consistent
thickness. It is illuminated by a light with a
wavelengthof432nm,andnearlytheentiresurface
appears to be a lovely shade of purple. What would
you see in the following situations?
a. Film thickness was doubled.
b. The film thickness was increased by half a
wavelength of the illuminating light.
c.The film thickness was decreased by one-quarter
of a wavelength of the illuminating light.
SOLUTION:
a. complete destructive interference
b. complete constructive interference
c. complete destructive interference
55.What are the differences in the characteristics of the
Page 15
diffraction patterns formed by diffraction gratings
4 5
containing 10 lines/cm and 10 lines/cm?

b. complete constructive interference SOLUTION:

c. complete destructive interference Less diffraction results from the short
Chapter
19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment wavelength of blue light.

55.What are the differences in the characteristics of the 59.For each of the following examples, indicate whether
diffraction patterns formed by diffraction gratings the color is produced by thin-film interference,
4 5 refraction, or the presence of pigments.
containing 10 lines/cm and 10 lines/cm?

a. soap bubbles
SOLUTION: b. rose petals
The lines in the diffraction pattern are narrower c.oilfilms
5 d. a rainbow
for the 10 lines/cm grating.

SOLUTION:
56.Laser-Pointer Challenge You have two laser
pointers, a red one and a green one. Your friends a. interference
Mark and Carlos disagree about which has the longer
wavelength. Mark insists that red light has a longer b. pigments
wavelength, while Carlos is sure that green has the
longer wavelength. You have a CD handy. Describe c. interference
what demonstration you would do with this
equipment and how you would explain the results to d. refraction
Carlos and Mark to settle their disagreement.

60.Describe the changes in a single-slit diffraction
SOLUTION: pattern as the width of the slit is decreased.
Shine each laser pointer at the grating,
reflecting onto a nearby wall. The color with the SOLUTION:
longer wavelength will produce spots with a
The bands get wider and dimmer.
greater spacing on the wall because the spacing

is directly proportional to the wavelength.
(Mark is correct; red light has a longer
wavelength than green light.) ChapterAssessment:MixedReview

61.Record Marieusesanold331/3rpmrecordasa
57.How can you tell whether a pattern is produced by a diffraction grating. She shines a laser, =632.8nm,
single slit or a double slit? on the record, as shown in Figure27. On a screen
4.0mfromtherecord,aseriesofreddots21mm
apartarevisible.(Level1)
SOLUTION:
A double-slit interference pattern consists of
equally spaced lines of almost equal brightness.
A single-slit diffraction pattern has a bright,
broad central band and dimmer side bands.

58.Optical Microscope Why is blue light used for

illumination in an optical microscope?
SOLUTION:
Less diffraction results from the short
wavelength of blue light.
59.For each of the following examples, indicate whether
the color is produced by thin-film interference,
refraction, or the presence of pigments.
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a.How many grooves are there in a centimeter along
the radius of the record?
b. Marie checks her results by noting that the ridges
representasongthatlasts4.01minandtakesup16
mm on the record. How many grooves should there
be in a centimeter? Page 16

a. soap bubbles
b. rose petals SOLUTION:
 SOLUTION:
The bands get wider and dimmer.
Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
ChapterAssessment:MixedReview
61.Record Marieusesanold331/3rpmrecordasa 62.Camera When a camera with a 50-mm lens is set
diffraction grating. She shines a laser, =632.8nm,
on the record, as shown in Figure27. On a screen
4.0mfromtherecord,aseriesofreddots21mm
apartarevisible.(Level1)
at ,itsaperturehasanopening6.25mmin
diameter.(Level3)
a. ACCDdetectoris50.0mmawayandsenseslight
at =550nm.Whatistheresolutionofthelens?
b. The owner of the camera knows that it has
6.3megapixelsinitsCCD.Themanufacturersays
thateachpixelis7.6m on a side. Compare the size
of the pixel with the resolution of the lens calculated
in part a.
SOLUTION:
a.

a.How many grooves are there in a centimeter along
the radius of the record?
b. Marie checks her results by noting that the ridges
representasongthatlasts4.01minandtakesup16
mm on the record. How many grooves should there
be in a centimeter? b.

SOLUTION:
a.

63.A glass lens has antireflective coating, n= 1.2, with a

thicknessof125nm.Forwhichcolor(s)oflightdoes
completedestructiveinterferenceoccur?(Level2)

SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nlens = 1.52 >
nfilm, there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection.

Fordestructiveinterference:


b.

62.Camera
eSolutions ManualWhen a camera
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at ,itsaperturehasanopening6.25mmin
diameter.(Level3)

Chapter
19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment
63.A glass lens has antireflective coating, n= 1.2, with a
thicknessof125nm.Forwhichcolor(s)oflightdoes
completedestructiveinterferenceoccur?(Level2)
SOLUTION:
Because nfilm > nair, there is a phase inversion
on the first reflection. Because nlens = 1.52 >
nfilm, there is a phase inversion on the second
reflection.
Fordestructiveinterference:
The light is reddish-orange. For other values of
m, the wavelength is shorter than that of light.
Chapter Assessment: Thinking
Critically
64.Apply Concepts Yellow light falls on a diffraction
grating. On a screen behind the grating, you see
three spots: one at zero degrees, where there is no
diffraction,andoneeachat+30and30.Younow
add a blue light of equal intensity that is in the same
direction as the yellow light. What pattern of spots
will you now see on the screen?
SOLUTION:
Agreenspotat0,yellowspotsat+ 30and
30,andtwobluespotsslightlycloserin.
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65.Apply Concepts Blue light of wavelength passes
The light is reddish-orange. For other values of
m, the wavelength is shorter than that of light.
Chapter Assessment: Thinking
Critically
64.Apply Concepts Yellow light falls on a diffraction
grating. On a screen behind the grating, you see
three spots: one at zero degrees, where there is no
diffraction,andoneeachat+30and30.Younow
add a blue light of equal intensity that is in the same
direction as the yellow light. What pattern of spots
will you now see on the screen?
SOLUTION:
Agreenspotat0,yellowspotsat+ 30and
30,andtwobluespotsslightlycloserin.
65.Apply Concepts Blue light of wavelength passes
through a single slit of width w. A diffraction pattern
appears on a screen. If you replace the blue light
with a green light of wavelength 1.5, what slit width
will produce the original pattern?
SOLUTION:
The angle of diffraction depends on the ratio of
slit width to wavelength. Thus, you would
increase the width to 1.5w.
66.Analyze and Conclude At night, the pupil of a
humaneyehasanaperturediameterof8.0mm.The
diameter is smaller in daylight. An automobiles
headlightsareseparatedby1.8m.Howfaraway
can the human eye distinguish the two headlights at
night? Hint:Assumeawavelengthof525nm.
What besides diffraction might be limiting factors?
SOLUTION:
Diffraction doesnt limit the sensing ability of
your eyes, which are limited by aperture atPage
a 18
few hundred meters. More probable factors are
the refractive effects of the atmosphere, like
 SOLUTION:
The angle of diffraction depends on the ratio of
slit width to wavelength. Thus, you would
increase
Chapter the width
19 Practice to 1.5w. Review, and Assessment
Problems,
66.Analyze and Conclude At night, the pupil of a
humaneyehasanaperturediameterof8.0mm.The
diameter is smaller in daylight. An automobiles
headlightsareseparatedby1.8m.Howfaraway
can the human eye distinguish the two headlights at
night? Hint:Assumeawavelengthof525nm.
What besides diffraction might be limiting factors?
SOLUTION:
Diffraction doesnt limit the sensing ability of
your eyes, which are limited by aperture at a
few hundred meters. More probable factors are
the refractive effects of the atmosphere, like
those that cause stars to twinkle, or the
limitations of the retina and the optic area of the
brain to separate two dim sources.
Chapter Assessment: Writing in
Physics
67.Research and describe Thomas Youngs
contributions to physics. Evaluate the impact of his
researchonthescientificthoughtaboutlight's
nature.
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers should
include Youngs two-slit experiment that
allowed him to precisely measure the
wavelength of light.
68.The gemstone opal has an iridescent sheen.
Research and describe how these colors are
produced.
SOLUTION:
Descriptions will vary, but should include a
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description of thin-film interference.
Student answers will vary. Answers should
include Youngs two-slit experiment that
allowed him to precisely measure the
wavelength of light.
68.The gemstone opal has an iridescent sheen.
Research and describe how these colors are
produced.
SOLUTION:
Descriptions will vary, but should include a
description of thin-film interference.
69.Many telescopes have adaptive optics that reduce
the atmospheric effects that cause stars to twinkle.
Research and describe how these systems work.
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include the correction of distorted wavefronts
with a deformable mirror to improve resolution.
70.Research and interpret the role of diffraction in
medicine and astronomy. Describe at least two
applications in each field.
SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include diffraction in telescopes and
microscopes, as well as spectroscopy.
Chapter Assessment: Cumulative
Review
3
71.How much work must be done to push a 0.5-m
block of wood to the bottom of a 4-m-deep
3
swimmingpool?Thedensityofwoodis500kg/m .
SOLUTION:
The block would float, but to submerge it would
require an extra force downward.
Page 19
 SOLUTION:
Student answers will vary. Answers could
include diffraction in telescopes and
microscopes,
Chapter as well
19 Practice as spectroscopy.
Problems, Review, and Assessment

Chapter Assessment: Cumulative 73.A concave mirror has a 48.0-cm radius. A 2.0-cm-
tallobjectisplaced12.0cmfromthemirror.
Review Calculate the image position and image height.

3
71.How much work must be done to push a 0.5-m
block of wood to the bottom of a 4-m-deep SOLUTION:
3
swimmingpool?Thedensityofwoodis500kg/m .

SOLUTION:
The block would float, but to submerge it would
require an extra force downward.

72.What are the wavelengths of microwaves in an oven

iftheirfrequencyis2.4GHz?

SOLUTION: 74.Thefocallengthofaconvexlensis21.0cm.A2.00-
cm-tallcandleis7.50cmfromthelens.Usethethin-
lens equation to find the image position and image
height.

SOLUTION:

73.A concave mirror has a 48.0-cm radius. A 2.0-cm-

tallobjectisplaced12.0cmfromthemirror.
Calculate the image position and image height.

SOLUTION:

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Chapter 19 Practice Problems, Review, and Assessment

74.Thefocallengthofaconvexlensis21.0cm.A2.00-
cm-tallcandleis7.50cmfromthelens.Usethethin-
lens equation to find the image position and image
height.

SOLUTION:

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