WASTE AND EFFLUENTS TREATMENT

Master in Sustainable Energies, 2015/2016

Syllabus: Module on Waste
3. Waste management in Energy/Fuel Production Systems:
3.1. Waste Management:
3.1.1. Waste characterization and legislation
3.1.2. Waste management planning during the construction period / during
the exploitation period
3.1.3. Waste collection, transportation and storage.
3.2. Waste Treatment Technologies:
3.2.1. Physical-chemical, thermal and biological processes.
3.2.2. Final disposal (landfills).

4. Laboratorial integrative practice

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3. Waste management in Energy/Fuel Production Systems
3.1 Waste Management
Who is the Portuguese authority for waste management?

Agncia Portuguesa do Ambiente:

http://www.apambiente.pt/index.php?ref=16&subref=84

What do you need to do to adequately manage your waste?

DL 73/2011
DL 178/2006
Chapters 01 - 12 or 17 - 20
ELW: European Chapters 13, 14 and 15
Decision 2000/532/EC Chapter 16
a) To identify the waste; List corresponding to the activity
Directive 2008/98/EC source and code 99
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/list.htm)
Density
Specific Weight
Chemical composition:
b) To characterize the waste; Physical, Chemical and Chemical elements
Biological Properties Heavy metals

Coliforms
Salmonella;
Etc.
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Waste and Effluents Treatment - 2016
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 Waste Treatment

c) To quantify the waste;

Why?

d) To selectivelly dispose off the waste in adequate containers, adapted to each

type of waste; Place &
Size
Specific storage conditions?

e) To send the waste for valorization by: How?

1) Reusing;
2) Recycling; DL127/2013
3) Incinerating with energy recovery. 30th August

f) To send the waste for final disposal in sanitary landfills.

DL183/2009
10th August

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Waste Producer / Waste Holder Obligations:

a) To anually declare the produced wastes;

1) Fill up the Integrated map register of Wastes - Mapa Integrado de
Registo de Resduos (MIRR)
Electronic declaration
(http://apoiomirr.apambiente.pt/;
https://siliamb.apambiente.pt/login.jsp) How?

b) To fill up the Accompanying Guides - Guias de Acompanhamento de Resduos

(GAR) - for the waste being sent out of your facilities changing to e-GAR

c) To make sure that contracted waste operators are licensed for the specific
management operations
(https://silogr.apambiente.pt/pages/publico/index.php)

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Biomass may be used as solid biofuel or as raw material for
other biofuel production

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An example from the Power Industry:
The biomass plant of Sangesa is the only one in Spain of its type.
It consumes around 160,000 tonnes of cereal straw a year and produces
sufficient electricity to cover the consumption of over 50,000 households.
It represents an investment of 50 million euros. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbQ1hw7XQ0M
Besides electricity, the plant produces:
- Wastes: slag and (fly) ashes;
- Gaseous effluents: CO2+H2O with SOx NOx and particles
- Liquid effluents (wastewater): from cooling systems and gas washing
Mortgua, 9 MW
Sangesa, 30 MW Santa Maria, Aveiro, 10.75 MW

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Examples from the Biodiesel Industry:
Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil, waste cooking oil, animal fat
wastes.
Besides biodiesel and glicerol, the plant produces:
- Wastes: spent sludge/resin from adsorption/ion exchange processes;
- Gaseous effluents: VOCs + CO2+H2O with SOx NOx and particles
- Liquid effluents (wastewater): from biodiesel washing/purification systems

Torrejana, Torres Novas,

100 kton/ano

Biovegetal, Alhandra,
125 kton/ano
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 Examples from the Biodiesel Industry:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q6j8hWuATE
Prio, Aveiro,
100 kton/ano

Iberol, Vila Franca de Xira,

125 kton/ano

Sovena, Miraflores,
95 kton/ano

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Waste and Effluents Treatment - 2016
Examples from the Bioethanol Industry:
Bioethanol can be produced from cereals and from lignocellulosic materials.
Besides bioethanol, the plant produces:
- Wastes: sludge/lignin, spent molecular sieves;
- Gaseous effluents: VOCs + CO2+H2O with SOx NOx and particles
- Liquid effluents (wastewater): from bioethanol dehydration systems
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poTGr8ONgl0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaDdhr2b80w

Waste and Effluents Treatment - 2016