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For intra- frequency neighbor, we dont need defined the frequency information, it will use
the same configuration as current cell.
For the inter-frequency or inter-RAT frequencies, we must add these frequencies separately.
Before evaluating the reporting criteria and sending measurement reports, the UE performs
layer 1 (L1) filtering and L3 filtering on the measurement results. The L1 filtering is
performed by the UE at the physical layer to eliminate the impact of fast fading on the
measurement results. No user configuration is required for the L1 filtering. The L3 filtering
aims at eliminating the impact of shadow fading and certain fast fading. In this way, better
measurement data can be provided for the evaluation of the reporting criteria. Based on
the triggering quantity, two L3 filtering coefficients are applicable: one for RSRP
measurements and the other for RSRQ measurements.
A neighboring relation is a relation between the serving cell and each candidate cell involved in a
handover. Neighboring relation management covers the following aspects:
Whether to allow automatic removal of a neighboring relation by ANR or not
Whether to allow handovers of UEs between two cells or not
Whether to allow handovers over an X2 interface or not
Neighboring relations are planned in the network design stage. They can be automatically adjusted
by ANR. The ANR function reduces the risk of missing neighboring cells and solves the problems of
inappropriate neighboring relations caused by collisions of physical cell IDs or by physical positions.
In this way, the call drop rate is reduced and the handover success rate is increased.
Intra-frequency neighboring cell
An intra-frequency neighboring cell is a neighboring cell whose DL E-UTRA Absolute Radio
Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) is the same as the DL EARFCN of the serving cell.
Inter-frequency neighboring cell
An inter-frequency neighboring cell is a neighboring cell whose DL EARFCN is different from
the DL EARFCN of the serving cell, and can be located on a maximum of 8 neighboring E-
UTRAN frequencies. An E-UTRAN cell can be configured totally with a maximum of 256
intra-frequency & inter-frequency neighboring cells, TDD cells can also be configured as
inter-frequency neighboring cells of FDD cells. Huawei eNodeB supports interoperability
between LTE FDD and LTE TDD.
If intra-frequency handover switch is set ON, then eNodeB will deliver intra-frequency
measurement message by default.
Relevant switch:
If we configure the specific neighbors as high measurement priority, then eNodeB will
deliver theses cells information in measurement control message, and after that UE will
prior to measure theses cells
Relevant configuration
After receiving a measurement report from the UE, the eNodeB generates a list of
candidate cells, which meet the triggering condition of the specific event. As a second step,
the eNodeB filters the candidate cells. If the measurement result of an intra-eNodeB cell is
the same as that of an inter-eNodeB cell among the candidate cells, the eNodeB prioritizes
the intra-eNodeB cell to prevent signaling and data forwarding required in an inter-eNodeB
handover.
In the handover execution phase, the UE and the eNodeB exchange signaling over the
radio interface according to 3GPP TS 36.331. During an inter-eNodeB handover, the
source eNodeB and the target eNodeB exchange signaling and data through X2/S1
adaptation. The LTE system uses hard handover, that is, only one radio link is connected to
a UE at a time. Therefore, to prevent user data loss at the eNodeB during the handover,
data forwarding is performed to ensure eNodeB data integrity. The loss of data may cause
a decrease in the data transfer ratio and an increase in the data transfer delay.
In the case of an intra-MME inter-eNodeB handover, the source eNodeB checks whether
the X2 interface is available between the source and target eNodeBs or not and then
automatically selects a path for the handover as follows:
If the X2 interface is available, the handover request is sent over the X2 interface.
Data forwarding is also performed over the X2 interface.
If the X2 interface is unavailable, the handover request is sent over the S1 interface.
Data forwarding is also performed over the S1 interface.
In the case of an inter-MME inter-eNodeB handover, the handover request is sent over the
S1 interface. In addition, the source eNodeB checks whether the X2 interface is available
between the source and target eNodeBs or not and then automatically selects a path for
data forwarding as follows:
If the X2 interface is available, data forwarding is performed over the X2 interface.
If the X2 interface is unavailable, data forwarding is performed over the S1
interface.
Specific Cell Individual Offset (CIO) values can be set for the serving cell and its neighboring
cells. (Ocs and Ocn described in the subsequent chapters denote the CIO for the serving
cell and the CIO for the neighboring cell respectively.) When the quality of signals
fluctuates, the probability of triggering handovers to or from a specific cell can be adjusted
by changing the value of CIO. This reduces the risk of call drops. The CIO values can be
adjusted automatically by the MRO function.
In LTE, 9 QCI are defined as QoS level. Each QCI is mapped with a series handover group.
The related command is : MOD CELLSTANDARDQCI
The main parameters for intra-handover decision algorithm are shown as following
Intrafreq handover hysteresis: Indicates the hysteresis to be used in the triggering
condition for the intra-frequency handover event. This parameter helps reduce the
number of times the event is triggered because of radio signal fluctuation. Thus,
the probability of ping-pong handovers or wrong handover decisions is reduced.
Intrafreq handover offset: Indicates the quality offset of the neighboring cell over
the serving cell to be used in the triggering condition of the intra-frequency
handover event.
Intrafreq handover time to trigger: Indicates the time-to-trigger for intra-frequency
handover event A3.When detecting that the signal quality in the serving cell and
that in at least one neighboring cell meet the entering condition, the UE does not
send a measurement report to the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE sends a
report only when the signal quality continuously meets the entering condition
during the time-to-trigger
When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell selection procedure and then initiates a
procedure of RRC connection re-establishment towards the selected cell. The eNodeB
makes a decision based on whether the context of the UE is present. If the eNodeB accepts
the re-establishment request, the UE accesses the selected cell, avoiding a dropped call
caused by the handover failure. The eNodeB will the status of UE context, if it exists, the
procedure could be proceed, otherwise, eNodeB rejects reestablishment.
Once blind HO is activated, eNodeB directly decide the HO target based on the priority
configuration of each neighbor
UE has different service experience when stay in FDD or TDD network, and each
operators may have respective FDD/TDD resource. So eRAN6.0 offer flexible Inter-
Freq A2 configure policy.
If neighbor cell blind handover priority is configured, then eNodeB select the target based
on it. Otherwise, eNodeB only chooses the highest frequency priority and perform
redirection procedure.
Related commands:
As shown above, F1 and F2 indicate two frequencies: Cell 1 uses F1, and Cells 2, 3, and 4
all use F2. The gray area in the figure (Cell 1) is covered by F1, while Cells 2, 3, and 4 is
covered by F2. It is obvious that cell 1 exerts cross-cell coverage to the other three cells.
Assume that the UE moves along the direction indicated by the arrow. As the UE moves,
F1 provides sustained signal quality and therefore inter-frequency measurements are not
triggered for the UE even when the UE has been in the coverage of F2 for a long time.
Gradually, the UE enters the overlap coverage between Cell 1 and Cell 4. Considering the
long distance between the two cells, it is unlikely that Cell 4 is configured as a neighboring
cell of Cell 1. As a result, as soon as the UE leaves the coverage of Cell 1, it experiences a
call drop. To prevent such a call drop and ensure service continuity, the UE should have
been handed over to F2 earlier.
Related command:
Related command:
Parameter Description
FddIfHoA2ThdRsr Indicates the offset of the RSRP threshold for LTE
pOffset FDD inter-frequency measurement event A2
relative to the RSRP threshold for inter-frequency
measurement event A2 (which is specified by
InterFreqHoA2ThdRsrp).
TddIfHoA2ThdRsr Indicates the offset of the RSRP threshold for LTE
pOffset TDD inter-frequency measurement event A2
relative to the RSRP threshold for inter-frequency
measurement event A2 (which is specified by
InterFreqHoA2ThdRsrp).
BlindHoA1A2ThdR Indicates the RSRP threshold for events A1 and A2
srp that are used for inter-frequency and inter-RAT
blind handovers based on coverage.
BlindHoA1A2ThdR Indicates the RSRQ threshold for events A1 and
srq A2 that are used for inter-frequency and inter-RAT
blind handovers based on coverage.