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EnglandandWalesHighCourt
(ExchequerCourt)Decisions

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EWHCExchJ36(01January1584)
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Citeas:Pasch26Eliz,(1584)3CoRep7,[1584]EWHCExchJ36,[1584]EngR9,3CoRep7,76ER637

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JISCBAILII_CASE_ENGLISH_LEGAL_SYSTEM

NeutralCitationNumber:[1584]EWHCExchJ36
76ER637,Pasch26Eliz,pleabegan20ElizRot140

Exchequer

1584

Before:

____________________

Between:
Heydon Appellant

____________________

1.InaninformationuponanintrusionintheExchequer[1],againstHeydon,forintrudingintocertain
lands,etc.inthecountyofDevon:uponthegeneralissue,thejurorsgaveaspecialverdicttothis
effect.

2.First,theyfoundthatparcelofthelandsintheinformationwasancientcopyholdsofthemanorof
Ottery,whereofthewardenandcanonsregularofthelatecollegeofOtterywereseisedintherightof
thesaidcollegeandthatthewardenandcanonsofthesaidcollege,22H.7.atacourtofthesaid
manor,grantedthesameparcelbycopy,toWarethefatherandWaretheson,fortheirlives,atthewill
ofthelord,accordingtothecustomofthesaidmanorandthattherestofthelandintheinformation
wasoccupiedbyS.andG.atthewillofthewardenandcanonsofthesaidcollegeforthetimebeing,
inthetimeofH.8.AndfurtherthatthesaidS.andG.sopossessed,andthesaidWareandWareso
seisedasaforesaid,thesaidwardenandcanonsbytheirdeedindented,dated12Januaryanno30H.8.
didleasethesametoHeydonthedefendantforeightyyears,renderingcertainrentsseverallyfor
severalparcelsandfoundthatthesaidseveralrentsinHeydon'sleasereserved,weretheancientand
accustomedrentsoftheseveralparcelsofthelands,andfound,thatalterthesaidleasetheydid
surrendertheircollege,andallthepossessionsthereoftoKingHen.8.Andfurtherfoundthestatute
of[2]31Hen.8.andthebranchofit,scil.bywhichitisenacted,"Thatifanyabbot,etc.orother
religiousandecclesiasticalhouseorplace,withinoneyearnextbeforethefirstdayofthispresent
Parliament,hathmade,orhereaftershallmakeanyleaseorgrantforlife,orfortermofyears,ofany
manors,messuages,lands,etc.andinthewhichanyestateorinterestforlife,yearoryears,atthetime
 ofthemakingofsuchgrantorlease,thenhadhisbeingorcontinuance,orhereaftershallhavehis
beingorcontinuance,andnotdeterminedatthemakingofsuchlease,etc.Oriftheusualandoldrents
andfarmsaccustomedtobeyieldenandreservedbythespaceoftwentyyearsnextbeforethefirstday
ofthispresentParliament,isnot,orbenot,orhereaftershallnotbethereuponreservedoryielded,etc.
thatallandeverysuchlease,etc.shallbeutterlyvoid."Andfurtherfound,thattheparticularestates
aforesaidweredetermined,andbeforetheintrusionHeydon'sleasebeganandthatHeydonentered,
etc.AndthegreatdoubtwhichwasoftendebatedattheBarandBench,onthisverdict,was,whether
thecopyholdestateofWareandWarefortheirlives,atthewilloftheLords,accordingtothecustom
ofthesaidmanor,should,injudgmentoflawbecalledanestateandinterestforlives,withinthesaid
generalwordsandmeaningofthesaidAct.AndafteralltheBaronsopenlyarguedinCourtinthe
sameterm,scil.Pasch.26Eliz.anditwasunanimouslyresolvedbySirRogerManwood,ChiefBaron,
andtheotherBaronsoftheExchequer,thatthesaidleasemadetoHeydonofthesaidparcels,whereof
WareandWarewereseisedforlifebycopyofcourtroll,wasvoidforitwasagreedbythem,thatthe
saidcopyholdestatewasanestateforlife,withinthewordsandmeaningofthesaidAct.Anditwas
resolvedbythem,thatforthesureandtrue[3]interpretationofallstatutesingeneral(betheypenal[4]
orbeneficial,restrictiveorenlargingofthecommonlaw,)fourthingsaretobediscernedand
considered:

[5]1st.WhatwasthecommonlawbeforethemakingoftheAct.

[6]2nd.Whatwasthemischiefanddefectforwhichthecommonlawdidnotprovide.

3rd.WhatremedytheParliamenthathresolvedandappointedtocurethediseaseofthe
commonwealth.

3.And,4th.ThetruereasonoftheremedyandthentheofficeofalltheJudgesisalwaystomakesuch[7]
constructionasshallsuppressthemischief,andadvancetheremedy,andtosuppresssubtleinventions
andevasionsforcontinuanceofthemischief,andproprivatocommodo,andtoaddforceandlifeto
thecureandremedy,accordingtothetrueintentofthemakersoftheAct,probonopublico.Andit
wassaid,thatinthiscasethecommonlawwas,thatreligiousandecclesiasticalpersonsmighthave
madeleasesforasmanyyearsastheypleased,themischiefwasthatwhentheyperceivedtheirhouses
wouldbedissolved,theymadelongandunreasonableleases:nowthestatof31H.8.dothprovidethe
remedy,[8]andprincipallyforsuchreligiousandecclesiasticalhouseswhichshouldbedissolvedafter
theAct(asthesaidcollegeinourcasewas)thatallleasesofanyland,whereofanyestateorinterest
forlifeoryearswastheninbeing,shouldbevoidandtheirreasonwas,thatitwasnotnecessaryfor
themtomakeanewleasesolongasaformerhadcontinuanceandthereforetheintentoftheActwas
toavoiddoublingofestates,andtohavebutonesingleestateinbeingatatime:fordoublingofestates
impliesinitselfdeceit,andprivaterespect,topreventtheintentionoftheParliament.Andifthe
copyholdestatefortwolives,andtheleaseforeightyyearsshallstandtogether,herewillbedoubling
ofestatessimul&semelwhichwillbeagainstthetruemeaningofParliament.

4.Andinthiscaseitwasdebatedatlarge,inwhatcasesthegeneralwordsofActsofParliamentshall
extendtocopyholdorcustomaryestates,andinwhatnotandthereforethisrulewastakenandagreed
bythewholeCourt,thatwhenanActofParliamentdoth[9]altertheservice,tenure,interestofthe
land,orotherthing,inprejudiceofthelord,orofthecustomofthemanor,orinprejudiceofthe
tenant,therethegeneralwordsofsuchActofParliamentshallnotextendtocopyholds:butwhenan
ActofParliamentisgenerallymadeforthe[10]goodofthewealpublic,andnoprejudicecanaccrue
byreasonofalterationofanyinterest,service,tenure,orcustomofthemanor,theremanytimes
copyholdandcustomaryestatesarewithinthegeneralpurviewofsuchActs[11].Anduponthese
groundstheChiefBaronputmanycases,whereheheld,thattheStatuteof[12]West.2.deDonis
Conditionalibusdidnotextendtocopyholdsforifthestatutealterstheestateoftheland,itwillbe
alsoanalterationofthetenure,whichwouldbeprejudicialtothelord:forofnecessitythedoneeintail
oflandoughtto[13]holdofhisdonor,anddohimsuchservices(withoutspecialreservation)ashis
donordothtohislord[14].

5.2nd.Littletonsaith,lib.1.cap.9.Thatalthoughsometenantsbycopyofcourtrollhaveanestateof
 inheritance,yettheyhaveitbutatthe[15]willofthelord,accordingtothecourseofthecommonlaw.
Foritissaid,thatifthelordputthemout,theyhavenootherremedybuttosuetotheirlordby
petition[16]andsotheintentoftheStatuteDeDonisConditionalibuswasnottoextend(inprejudice
oflords)tosuchbaseestates,whichasthelawwasthentaken,wasbutatthewillofthelord.Andthe
statutesaith,Quodvoluntasdonatorisincartadonisuimanifesteexpress.decaeteroobservetur:so
thatwhichshallbeentailed,oughttobesuchanhereditament,whichisgiven,oratleastmightbe
givenbydeedorcharterintail.

6.3rd.Forasmuchasgreatpartofthelandwithintherealm,isingrantbycopy,itwillbeathing
inconvenient,andoccasiongreatsuitandcontention,thatcopyholdsshouldbe[17]entailed,andyet
neitherfine[18]norcommon[19]recoverybarthemsoashewhohathsuchestatecannot(withoutthe
assentofthelordbycommittingaforfeiture,andtakinganewestate)ofhimselfdisposeofit,either
forpaymentofhisdebts,oradvancementofhiswife,orhisyoungerchildrenwhereforeheconceived
thattheStatuteDeDonisConditionalibusdidnotextendtocopyholds,quodfuitconcessumpertotam
Curiam.Butitwassaidthatthestatute,withoutspecialcustom,dothnotextendtocopyholds[20]but
ifthe[21]customofthemanordothwarrantsuchestates,andaremainderhathbeenlimitedoverand
enjoyed,orplaintsinthenatureofaformedoninthedescenderbroughtinthecourtofthemanor,and
landsoentailedbycopyrecoveredthereby,thenthecustomcooperatingwiththestatutemakesitan
estatetailsothatneitherthestatutewithoutthecustom,northecustomwithoutthestatute,cancreate
anestatetail.

7.Andtothispurposeis[22]Littleton,lib.1.c.8.forhesaith,thatifamanseisedofamanor,within
whichmanortherehathbeenacustomwhichhathbeenusedtimeoutofmemory,thatcertaintenants
withinthesamemanorhaveusedtohavelandsandtenements,toholdtothemandtheirheirsinfee
simpleorfeetail,orfortermoflife,etc.atthewillofthelord,accordingtothecustomofthesame
manorandalittleafter,thatformedonindescenderliesofsuchtenements,whichwrit,asitwassaid,
wasnotatthecommonlaw[23].

8.TowhichitwasansweredbytheChiefBaron,thatifthestatute(withoutcustom)shallnotextendto
copyholds,withoutquestionthecustomofthemanorcannotmakeitextendtothem[24]forbeforethe
statute,allestatesof[25]inheritance,asLittletonsaith,lib.i.cap.2.,werefeesimple[26],andafterthe
statutenocustomcanbegin,becausethestatutebeingmadein13E.1.ismadewithintimeof
memory[27]ergotheestatetailcannotbecreatedbycustomandtherefore,Littletonistobeintended
(inasmuchashegroundshisopinionuponthecustom,thatcopyholdsmaybegrantedinfeesimple,or
feetail)ofafeesimpleconditionalatthecommonlaw:forLittletonwellknew,thatnocustomcould
commenceafterthestatuteofWest.2.,asappearsinhisownbook,lib.2.c.10.and34H.6.36.And
wherehesaith,thatformedonin[28]descenderlies,healsosaith,thatitliesatthecommonlaw.Andit
appearsinourbooks,that,inspecialcases[29],aformedoninthedescenderlayatthecommonlaw,
beforethestatuteofWestm.2.,whichsee4E.2.Formedon50.[30].10E.2.Formedon55.21E.3.47.
Plowd.Com.246.b.etc.

9.Andwhereitwasfurtherobjected,thatthestatuteofWest.2.cannotwithoutcustommakeanestate
tailofcopyholds,becausewithoutcustom,suchestatecannotbegrantedbycopyforitwassaid,if
estateshadbeenalwaysgrantedtooneandhisheirsbycopy,thatagranttooneandtheheirsofhis
body,isanotherestatenotwarrantedbythecustom:sothatinsuchmanors,wheresuchestatesof
inheritancehavebeenallowedbycustom,thestatutedothextendtothem,andmakesthem,which
beforewerefeeconditional,nowbythestatuteestatesintail,andthatthestatutecannot,ashathbeen
agreedbefore,alterthecustom,orcreateanewestatenotwarrantedbythecustom.

10.TothatitwasansweredbytheChiefBaron,thatwherethecustomofthemanoristograntlandsby
copyinfeodosimplici(astheusualpleadingis)withoutquestion,bythesamecustomlandsmaybe
[31]grantedtooneandtheheirsofhisbody[32],oruponanyotherlimitationorconditionfortheseare
estatesinfeesimple,eteopotius,thattheyarenotsolargeandampleasthegeneralandabsolutefee
simpleis,andthereforethegeneralityofthecustomdothincludethem,butnoteconversoadquod
nonfuitresponsum.ButitwasagreedbythewholeCourt,thatanotherActmadeatthesame
Parliament,cap.18.whichgavetheelegit[33]dothnotextendtocopyholds,forthatwouldbe
prejudicialtothelord,andagainstthecustomofthemanor,thatastrangershouldhaveinterestinthe
landheldofhimbycopy,wherebythecustomitcannotbetransferredtoanywithoutasurrender
madetohim,andbythelordallowedandadmitted[34].Butitwasagreedbythem,thatotherstatutes
madeatthesameParliament,whicharebeneficialforthecopyholder,andnotprejudicialtothelord,
maybe,byafavourableinterpretation,extendedtocopyholds,ascap.3.whichgivesthewifeacui[35]
invita,andreceipt,andcap.4.whichgivestheparticulartenantaquodeideforceatandtherewith
agrees10E.4.2.b.[36].Andinthiscaseitwasalsoresolved,thatalthoughitwasnotfound[37]that
thesaidrentsweretheusualrents,accustomedtobereservedwithin20yearsbeforetheParliament
yetinasmuchastheyhavefound,thattheaccustomablerentwasreserved,andacustomgoesatall
timesbefore,forthiscauseitshallbeintended,thatitwastheaccustomablerentwithinthetwenty
years,andsoitshouldbeintended,ifthecontrarybenotshewedoftheotherside[38].Andjudgment
wasenteredfortheQueen.

Note1Astoaninformationofintrusion,seeantei.p.16a.(A).(ED.)[Back]

Note231H.8.c.13.[Back]

Note3Moor.128.Say.66.6Co.37b.Cro.Car.45.83.[Vin.Abr.StatutesE.6.pl.137.Bac.Abr.Statutes,I.4.vi.
333.][Back]

Note4Penalstatutesareingeneraltobeconstruedstrictly,andarenottobeenlargedbyparityofreason,nor
extendedbyequitableconstruction,buteveninpenallaws,theintentionoftheLegislatureisthebestmethodto
construethelaw,TheKingv.Gage,8Mod.65andequitywillaidremediallawsthoughpenal,notbymaking
themmorepenal,butsoastoletthemhavetheircourse.PerWright,LordKeeper,AttorneyGeneralv.Sadell,Prec.
Ch.215.Astotheconstruingstatutesbyequityingeneral,see1Inst.24b.54b.i.29.Plowd.9,10.17,18.36.46.
53.57.59.82.88.109.124.177.204.244.363.364.366.371.464.466.Hatt.Treat.onStat.Ash.Exposit.ofStat.
byEq.Vin.Abr.StatutesE.6.Com.Dig.ParliamentR.10.Bac.Abr.StatutesI.6.Withrespecttothedifferentkinds
ofstatutes,see1Inst.98b.i.2527.anda.(16.)(N.).ib.2Eun.80.1.Bl.Com.85.(ED.)[Back]

Note5Poph.74.[Back]

Note62Rol.Rep.99.[Back]

Note7Hard.27.2RolRep.314.Cro.Car.83.533.Co.Lit.381b.1Co.123a.11Co.73b.2Siderf.41.2Bulst.
187.Hob.97.1Rol.Rep.162.166.Cro.Argument40.[2Wils.193.6T.R.385.Bac.Abr.StatuteI.6.8,9.vi.387.
389,390.][Back]

Note8Co.Lit.44a.31H.8.c.13.3Bulstr.152.Moor60.1Leon.333.[Com.Dig.CopyholdN.Vin.Abr.
Estate,R.a.9.pl.7.Bac.Abr.Leases,&c.E.2.iv.73.][Back]

Note9Cro.Car.41.43,44.Moor128.Godb.369.0.Benl.163.3Bulst.152.Hard.433.Cawly106.[2Cowp.
707.6East,480.1Bro.C,C.24.Watk.Gilb.Ten.164.Com.Dig.CopyholdN.0.Bac.Abr.CopyholdB.i.709,
710.][Back]

Note10Moor128.Cro.Car.42,43.O.Benl.163.1Rol.Rep.48.[2Cowp.707.1Bro.C.C.24.Watk.Gilb.Ten.
164.][Back]

Note11Astowhatstatutesextendtocopyholds,seepostp.23.n.(P).(ED.)[Back]

Note12See1Wils.27.2Wils.400.Moor188,189.Say.67.Cro.Eliz.391.307.149.1Leon.175.Poph.34.128.
2Saund.422.Hard.433.1Rol.838.Lit.sect.76.9Co.105a.Co.Lit.60a.b.4Co.22a.[2Bl.Com.113.3Wood.
506.1Prest.Cony.153.Com.Dig.CopyholdC.8.N.Bac.Abr.CopyholdC.1.][Back]

Note13Cr.Car.43,44.[Co.Lit.23a.143a.][Back]

Note14BeforetheStatutesQuiaEmptoresTerrarum,iftenantinfeesimplemadeafeoffmentinfeewithoutany
reservationofservices,thefeoffeeheldbythesameservicesbywhichthefeofforheldover,becausetheservices
beinganincumbranceupontheland,whichthetenantcouldnotdischargewithouthislord'sconsent,mustfollow
thelandintowhosehandssoeveritcomesbutthatstatuteonlyextendedtocaseswherethefeesimplewas
transferredandwhen,aftertheStatutedeDonis,thefeudalrightofreverterwasturnedintoareversion,thelaw
obligedthedoneetodothesameservicestothedonorwhichhewasboundtodotohissuperiorlord,becausethis
wasanestateofinheritancewhichpossiblymighthavecontinuedforever,1Inst.43.a.143.a.i.445.527.This
constructionwasnotextendedtoleasesforlivesoryearsforifthelessormadenoreservation,thelawimplied
noneexceptfealty,whichisduefromeverytenanthavinganydeterminateinterest.Ib.(ED.)[Back]

Note15Lit.sect.77.2Co.17a.6Co.37b.Co.Lit.60b.Cro.Car.45.4Co.21a.Hetl.6.9Co.105a.[Vin.Abr.
Copyhold(A)pl.4.][Back]

Note16ButasLordCokeelsewhereobserves,thiswasnotLittleton'sownopinion,buthisopinionwasratherto
thecontrary,1Inst.60.b.i.6567.andithasbeenlongsettled,that,thoughacopyholderhasanestateatthewill
ofthelord,yetitisaccordingtothecustomofthemanorandifhebeoustedcontrarytothecustom,heshallnot
onlysuebypetitiontothelord,butmayhavetrespassagainsthim.Ibid.(ED.)[Back]

Note17Moor189.Sav.67.Cro.El.149.307.391.1Leon.175.Poph.34.128.2Saund.422.Hard.433a.9Co.
105a.1Rol.838.Co.Lit.60a.b.1Rol.Rep.48.4Co.22a.Moor.188.[Watk.Gilb.Ten.166,7.][Back]

Note18Ace.Rowdenv.Malster,Cro.Car.45.5Cru.Dig.214.astothemodeofbarringentailsofcopyholds,
infran.(N).(ED.)[Back]

Note19Cro.Car.43.45.Godb.368.0.Benl.165.Poph.35.Cro.Eliz.391.Cart.238.Cro.Car.45.[1Wils.26.
Watk.Gilb.Ten.166,7.][Back]

Note20Thispointhasbeenthesubjectofmuchcontroversy,seeGilb.Ten.165.4181Watk.Coph.155.Vin.Abr.
Coph.(F.e)1Cru.Dig.2edit.364.Bac.Abr.CopyholdC.butithasbeenlongsettledagreeablytothedecision
inthiscaseandinRowdenv.Malster,Cro.Cha.42.thattheStatuteDeDonisdoesnotextendtocopyholdswithout
aspecialcustom,butthatwheretherehasbeenacustomofentailingcopyholds,thestatutecooperatingwiththe
custom,willgivetosuchanestateallthequalitiesofanestatetail,Roed.Crowv.Baldwere,5T.R.111.Asto
whatwillamounttoaproofthatacopyholdhasbeenentailed,seeinfra,1Inst.60.b.i.671.Wherecopyholdsare
intailable,andthecustomhasnotprescribedanyparticularmodeofbarring,theintailmaybebarred,1st.By
forfeitureandregrant,aswherethecustomiseitherforthetenantintailtocommitaforfeitureofthecopyhold,and
thelordtoseize,andaftermakingthreeproclamations,toregrantittotheoldtenant,ortoanotherpersonorthe
tenantintail,tomakeasurrendertoapurchaserinfee,andthenforthepurchasertocommitaforfeiture,andthe
lordtoseize,&c.seePilkingtonv.Stanhope,Sid.314.Sty.452.Granthamv.Coply,2Saund.422.andn.(1)ib.
2nd,Byarecoveryinthemanorcourt,which,itseems,fromseveralauthorities,maybesufferedwithouta
particularcustomtowarrantit,seeBrowne'scase,post,10Co.23.a.Dellv.Higden,Moor.358.Oldcatv.Level,id.
753.Gilb.Ten.176.Cart.Rep.23.Carrv.Singer,2Yes.604.or3rd,Byasurrender,thoughonlytotheuseofa
will,2Vez.596.2Stra.1197.2Burr.979.3P.Wms.10.Watk.Copyhold.162.Acustomtobartheentailby
surrendermaybeconcurrentwithacustomtobarbyrecovery,Everallv.Smalley,1Wils.26.2Stra.1197.Roed.
Bennettv.Jeffery,2Maul.andS.92.Astoequitableentailsofcopyholds,seen.(N)infra.(ED.)[Back]

Note211Rol.838.Co.Lit.60b.[1Wils.27.3Wood,506.2B1.Com.143.Watk.Gilb.Ten.166.170.1Fonbl.
Tr.Eq.300n.1Cru.Dig.304.1Prest.Cony.111.Con.Dig.CopyholdC.8.Bac.Abr.CopyholdC.i.170.][Back]

Note22Lit.sect.77,Co.Lit.60b.Rep.Q.A.98.160.Skin.269,297.[Back]

Note23Seeinfran.29ib.[Back]

Note24ButseetheremarksofGilb.Ten.166.uponthisopinionofmyLordCh.Baron.Seealsothebookscited
inthelastnotebutone.(ED.)[Back]

Note25Co.Lit.19a.Cro.Car.45.Poph.34.1Co.103b.6Co.40a.(f)Co.Lit.45.114b.115a.[Watk.Gilb.Ten.
170,1.][Back]

Note26Butthispositionthatallestatesofinheritancewere,beforetheStatuteDeDonis,eitherinfeeabsoluteor
conditional,hasbeenquestionedbyseveraldistinguishedwriters,seeWrightTen.189.Watk.Gilb.Ten.424.1
Inst.19a.i.508.(A1).(ED.)[Back]

Note27See1Inst.113a.115b.i.35,36.andn.(S).ib.2Bl.Com.31.(ED.)[Back]

Note28Co.Lit.60b.280b.19a.Lit.sect.481.F.N.B.217.D.Poph.34.[Vin.Abr.FormedonB.pl.1.][Back]

Note29Thatwheretheheircouldnothaveanassiseofmortd'ancestor,hemight,accordingtohisspecialcase,
haveaformedonindescenderatcommonlaw,butthenhewastorecoverafeesimple.PerBendlow,Plowd.239b.
1Inst.60b.i.671.Forthenatureanddifferentkindsofformedon,see1Inst.326.b.iii.214.andn.32ib.2Inst.
336.Plowd.240.Booth,139,140.3Bl.Con.192.Bac.Abr.Formedon,(A).Vin.Abr.Formedon.Com.Dig.Pleader,
3E.1,,&c.(ED.)[Back]

Note30O.Benl.165.1Rol.Rep.4.Co.Lit.60b.[Back]

Note31Godb.20.Poph.35.1Leon.56.Cro.Eliz.323.373.4Leon.64.1Rol.511.4Co.23a.Co.Lit.52b.[1
Prest.Est.2ndedit.487.][Back]
 Note32Wherethecustomofamanordoesnotadmitofanentailofacopyhold,aK.B.v.21surrendertotheuse
ofapersonandtheheirsofhisbody,giveshimaconditionalfeeandinthatcaseasurrenderafterissuehad,will
bartheestate,Hantonv.Barnes,Co.Suppl.s.12.Pullenv.Middleton,9Mod.483.Butallcopyholdsmaybe
entailedineffect,eitherbycustomatlaw,orinequitywithoutitthus,ifasurrenderbemadetoapersonandhis
heirs,andatrustbedeclaredofsuchestatetoanotherandtheheirsofhisbody,aCourtofEquitywillseeit
observedforthecustomonlybindsthetenancy,andhasnothingtodowiththetrust,2Yes.304.633.1Stra.454.
2Bl.Com.357.Andsuchequitableentailmaybebarredinthesamemodeasifitwerealegalentail,see9Mod.
484.5Cru.Dig.611.Andifthetenantintailofthetrustofacopyholdacceptsasurrenderofthelegalestatefrom
thetrustees,itwillbartheentailandremainderover,Graymev.Grayme,1Watk.Copyh.2ndedit.277.Butan
equitableentailofacopyholdisnotbarredbyadevisewithoutasurrender,Rosev.Lowe,1H.Bl.461.
(ED.)[Back]

Note331Rol.888.Cro.Car.44.Hard.433.0.Benl.163.Say.67.[2Cowp.709.4Bart.Prec.209.n.Vin.Abr.
Copyhold0.2.pl.4.Com.Dig.CopyholdN.Bac.Abr.CopyholdC.2.i.712.ExecutionC.2.ii.713.][Back]

Note34S.P.Co.Copyh.149.Gilb.Ten.185.3Read.Stat.Law.123.2Inst.396.Yin.Abr.Copyholds(0.d.)pl.4.
Bac.Abr.Copyhold(C.2).Com.Dig.CopyholdN.andseethebookscitedace.inn.(d).sup.(ED.)[Back]

Note35Cro.Car.43.2Inst.343.Sav.67.4Co.23a.[Vin.Abr.Copyhold0.2.pl.2,3.46.Corn.Dig.CopyholdN.
0.][Back]

Note36Inconformitytotheprincipleslaiddowninthiscase,itisheld,thatthestatute4H.7.ofFines,astotheir
beingabarafterfiveyears'nonclaim,theStatutes,ofLimitations,theStatutesofBankruptcy,theStatutesof
Mortmain,thestatutes7Ann.relativetoconveyancesbyinfanttrustees,the4thsectionoftheStatuteofFrauds,29
Cha.2.c.3.concerningthesaleoflands,andthe7thsectionwhichrequiresdeclarationsoftruststobeinwriting,
andmanyotherstatutes,extendtocopyholdsbuttheyarenotwithinthestatute11H.7.respectingalienationsby
awifeofthelandsofherhusband,theStatuteofUsesandJointures,theStatuteof"Wills,thestatute32H.8.asto
discontinuancesbythehusbandofthewife'slands,thestatuterespectingpartitions(1Inst.187a.(2).i.753.(83).
Burrellv.Dodd,3Bos.&P.378.),thestatute13Eliz.formakingaccountants'landsliabletothedebtsofthe
Crown,thestatutes29Cha.2.c.3.s.12.and14Geo.2.c.20.s.9.relatingtooccupancy(see1Inst.i.626.
(16).Zouchd.Forsev.Forse,7East.186),northosesectionsoftheStatuteofFraudswhichrelatetodevisesof
landsandtheyareexceptedoutoftheRegisterActs,2&3Ann.c.4.6Ann.c.35.7Ann.c.20.8Geo.2.c.6.See
furtherastowhatstatutesextendtocopyholds,Vin.Abr.Copyhold,O.d.Bac.Abr.CopyholdC.Com.Dig.
CopyholdN.0.(ED.)[Back]

Note374Co.65b.Hob.55.262.1Leon.333.2Rol.700.9Co.74a.Cro.Jac.413.Post42b.[Watk.Gilb.Ten.
184,5.][Back]

Note38S.P.Com.Dig.Pleader,S.31.Astowhatshallbeasufficientfindingbyverdict,andwhenitmaybe
aidedbyintendmentorspecialconclusion,seeCom.Dig.TPleader,S.26.toS.43.andthebookscitedante,i.p.4
a.n.(R).(ED.)[Back]

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