PROPULSION OF SHIPS

Machinery other than main propulsion is called auxiliaries.

Auxiliary generators for power supply

Diesel Generators.

Steam Turbine alternators.

Gas Turbine Generators.

Air Compressors Starting of engines and various other utilities

Refrigeration plants, Air Conditioning & ventilation

Steering gear

Distillation plants

Domestic Plant like sewage treatment and water oil separators

AUXILIARY GENERATORS

Difference between Propulsion engine & generator Engine

GENERATOR ENGINE
PROPULSION ENGINE Constant Speed
Quick start & warm
Variable Speed
up
Ability to run on Heavy Oils No reversing
High torque Narrow speed band
of operation
Requirement of reversing Speed related to
Systems required for aux generators are frequency of supply
(50/60 Hz)
Fuel System

Lub oil System

Cooling System: Fresh water & Sea water system

Starting System: Air starting

Governor for load control/ speed control

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AUXILIARY AIR COMPRESSORS

Major requirement

Starting of Engines

Cleaning

Balancing tank for maintaining positive pressure

Air/pneumatic based control system

Type of Compressor

Motor Driven multistage, reciprocating, air cooled

Max pressure 30 bar

Emergency Compressor with stand alone diesel engine driven.

Components of Compressed air system.

Air Compressor Intercooler (Air cooled or water cooled)

Prime mover:- Motor or diesel engine

HP air piping

Air Receivers

Pressure reducers and utility LP line.

Isolating valves

Inlet filter and silencer

Safety Valves

Always start & stop compressors in unloaded condition

REFRIGERATION, AIR CONDITIONING & VENTILATION HVAC

Refrigeration: Process of reducing the temperature of a specific

space to values below their surrounding value.

Air Conditioning: It is the process of controlling the Temperature &

Humidity in a space together with circulation, filtering and refreshing of
air. Therefore it the space can have higher or lower temp than outside.

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 Ventilation: Ventilation is refreshing and circulation of air in a space
with or without temp and humidity control.

Refrigeration: Required to carry frozen cargo like fish and other edible
items & edible items for the crew of the vessel.

Cool Room: Here temperature is maintained around 20 to +40 C

Cold Room: Here temperature is maintained less than -140C.

REFRIGERATION

Carbon Di Oxide

Ammonia

CFC R11, R12, R22 & R502

Montreal protocol in 190-92 banned use of CFC due Ozone depletion

effect.

Now HFC 134A is used

Again Ammonia is being used though it has a problem of exposure

causing effect and explosion.

Cooling of large spaces is through secondary less expensive

refrigerants like calcium chloride brine with corrosion inhibitors.

REFRIGERATION COMPONENTS

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 Compressor

Condenser

Evaporator

Expansion valve

Cooling System for Condenser Sea water

Evaporator Heat transfer system like air blowers or secondary coolant

Control system for Temp regulation

REFRIGERATION -SYSTEM

Compressors:- Centrifugal, Reciprocating or Screw Type

TYPICAL SHELL & TUBE CONDENSER

THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE

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TYPICAL LARGE SPACE COOLING ARRANGEMENT

STEERING GEAR

5
 Steering Gear provides response to movement of rudders so as to
maneuver the ship.

Requirements:

Adequate power to move rudder by 350 on either side at all

speeds

Time to move from Zero(mid ships) to either side 28 sec (hard on

stbd or hard on port)

Always a duplicate system

Protected from shock

Steering Gear is a critical system, there has to be two independent

system

Remote operation from wheel house can be hydraulic or electrical.

Elements of Steering Gear

Rudder

Variable Delivery pump (Heleshaw Pump)

Steering Ram

Rudder stock connection

Rudder Stock

Remote Operation

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7
 STE
ERING GEAR REMOTE OPERATION(above fig)