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His Works are actions
Cross legend he sits with a stony stoop
And dark deep furrowed face
Eyes at once undaunted searching kind
A head too cool a nook for fire anged words
Have you ever heard him speak?
It is not words he utters.
He musters the strength of the shriveled soul
Of a vast famishing people;
And ever his steep stark personality
Forges word winged weapons.
It is his wont to fling
Barbed words at feasting ill
But of the from his soul sling
Darts forth not words but will
His words are actions.
- Umashankar Joshi (Ahmedabad, 1948)
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http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/amidst-politics-over-sardar-patel-legacy-narend
ra-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-statue-of-unity-1-745954.html.

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Vallabhbhai Patel and Comrade Mao TseTung by Ravindra Kumar
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:
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(Embassy)

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