SEISMIC RISK ANALYSIS

1.1 Objective of Report

The objective of this report is to obtain sesimic risk of the building which are structural and non
structural risk.

1.2 Model of Building

Model of the building is represented by Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2. where building model is three-
dimensional. Illustration of base isolation in building on Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 which are modeled
as a truss element. Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 also explain that the building consists of five spans and
five bays, where the total length of the span is 3600 cm, total length of the bays is 3680 cm, and the
number of level of the building is 12 levels.

Fig. 1.2.1 Plan of Building Model

 Fig. 1.2.2 Frame Model in the X and Y direction [mm]

1.3. Boundary Condition

The support of columns at the base of the building is roller condition which means that there is no
displacement in the Y, Z direction and no rotation along X, Y, and Z directions. All of other nodes
are free-condition. Support condition of truss element is fixed condition which means that no
displacement in the X and Y and Z direction and no rotation in the X,Y and Z direction.

1.4 Configuration of Cross Section of Structure and Base Isolation Product

The configuration of cross section of structure and base isolation device which is obtained from
design calculation. Table 1.4.1 shows configuration of cross-section of the structure and Table 1.4.2
shows device of base isolation product .

Table 1.4.1 Configuration of Cross Section Of Structure

Fy Fu E
No. Type of Structure [mm] Location
[N/mm2] [N/mm2] [N/mm2]
1 HSS 635 x 635 x 25.4 345 410 200000 Column level 1st until level 3rd
2 HSS 558.8 x 558.8 x 22.23 345 410 200000 Column level 4th until level 9th
3 HSS 508 x 508 x 22.23 345 410 200000 Column level 10th until level 12th
4 WF 800 x 300 x 14 x 22 250 410 200000 Beam level 1st until level 6th
5 WF 700 x 300 x 13 x 20 250 410 200000 Beam level 7th until level 9th
6 WF 600 x 300 x 12 x 17 250 410 200000 Beam level 10th until level 11th
7 WF 450 x 300 x 11 x 18 250 410 200000 Beam level 12th

Table 1.4.2 Properties of base isolation product

K1 K2 Qy Qmax
No. Type of base isolation Location
[kN/cm] [kN/cm] [kN] [kN]
1 HDRB X6 100 106.167 10.617 375.417 1044.00 Under all of coloumn 1st Level
1.5 Input of Gravity Load
The input of gravity of load is combination of 1 D + 1 L, where D is dead load and L is life load. It
can be shown by Table 1.5.1
Table 1.5.1 Distributed load of Input of Gravity Load (1D+1L)
Combination Distributed Load
Location 2
Load 1D [kN/m ] 1L [kN/m2] 1D + 1L [kN/m2]
Level 1st until level 6th 6.02 2.53 8.55
1D+1L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 2.53 8.52
Level 12th 4.62 1.03 5.65

The gravity load is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and distributed of load, where
the section area of node is divided into eight type. The description can be indicated by Figure 1.5.1

Fig. 1.5.1 The Section Area of Distributed Gravity Load And Seismic Weight of 1st Until 11th Stories

The weight of node of the first level until twelfth level can be seen in the Table 1.5.2 until 1.5.4.
 Table 1.5.2 The Weight of Node of 1stLevel Until 6th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.94 73.88 79.27 80.80 73.88 147.76 158.53 161.61
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.3 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.81 73.62 78.99 80.52 73.62 147.23 157.97 161.04
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.4 The Weight of Node of 12thLevel Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
24.39 48.78 52.34 53.36 48.78 97.57 104.68 106.71
Load [kN]

1.6 Input of Seismic Weight

The seismic input of weight according to Indonesian code is 1D +0.25 L, where D is dead load and
L is life load. The seismic input of weight is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and
distributed load of seismic weight [1D +0.25L], where the distributed load of seismic weight is
indicated by Table 1.6.1 and the section area of node is same with the input of gravity load (Figure
1.5.1) and Figure (1.6.2)

Table 1.6.1 Distributed Load of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

Distributed Load
Combination
Location 1D 0.25L 1D + 0.25 L
Load
[kN/m2] [kN/m2] [kN/m2]
Level Base Floor until level 6th 6.02 0.63 6.65
1 D + 0.25 L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 0.63 6.62
Level 12th 4.62 0.26 4.88
 Fig. 1.6.2 The Section Area of Distributed of Seismic Weight Base Floor [W0]

The weight of the node for the base floor until twelfth level of seismic weight can be seen in the
Table 1.6.2 until 1.6.5

Table 1.6.2 The Weight of Node of Base Floor of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6
Section Area
12.96 25.92 27.36 25.92 51.84 54.72
[m2]
Distributed
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
Load [kN/m2]
Concentrated
86.184 172.368 181.944 172.368 344.736 363.888
Load [kN]
st th
Table 1.6.3 The Weight of Node of 1 Level Until 6 Level of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
Section Area [m ] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.74 57.48 61.67 62.87 57.48 114.97 123.35 125.74
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.4 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level of Input Of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
Section Area [m ] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.61 57.22 61.39 62.59 57.22 114.44 122.79 125.17
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.5 The Weight of Node of 12st of Input of seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
21.06 42.11 45.18 46.06 42.11 84.22 90.36 92.12
Load [kN]

The resume calcualation of distribution of input seismic weight for base isolation building can be
seen by Table 1.6.6. Total seismic weight of this structure { WT } is 112025 kN.

Table 1.6.6 Resume Distribution of Input Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L) of Base Isolation Building
Level 1 D [kN] 0.25 L [kN] 1D+0.25L [kN] (1D+0.25L) [kN]
0 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 112025.00
1 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 103211.00
2 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 94397.00
3 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 85583.00
4 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 76769.00
5 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 67955.00
6 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 59141.00
7 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 50327.00
8 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 41553.00
9 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 32779.00
10 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 24005.00
11 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 15231.00
12 6116.00 341.00 6457.00 6457.00
1.7 Input of Seismic Load

Acceleration [cm/sec2]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time Period [Second]

The input of
seismic load in this study used the results of a simulated earthquake ground motion program, the
original data of ground motion input consists of four types of ground motion data which are El
Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe Ew, Kobe NS. Target spectrum of input seismic load is Padang city
which has arranged by magnification of earthquake { E} from 0.25 SDS to 1.5 SDS curve. SDS
curve of padang city is represented in figure 1.7.1.

Figure 1.7.1 SDS Curve of Padang City

The output of result peak gorund motions of simulated earthquake ground motion can be shown by
below table.
Table 1.7.1 Result Peak Gorund Motions of Simulated Earthquake Ground Motion
NO Amplification of Earthquake Type of Ground Motion Peak Ground Motion [cm/sec2]
1 0.250 El Centro NS 92.240
2 0.250 El Centro EW 90.956
3 0.250 Kobe NS 110.843
4 0.250 Kobe EW 121.644
5 0.500 El Centro NS 184.481
6 0.500 El Centro EW 181.912
7 0.500 Kobe NS 221.686
8 0.500 Kobe EW 243.288
9 0.750 El Centro NS 276.721
10 0.750 El Centro EW 272.868
11 0.750 Kobe NS 332.529
12 0.750 Kobe EW 364.932
 13 1.000 El Centro NS 368.962
14 1.000 El Centro EW 363.824
15 1.000 Kobe NS 443.373
16 1.000 Kobe EW 486.576
17 1.250 El Centro NS 461.202
18 1.250 El Centro EW 454.780
19 1.250 Kobe NS 554.216
20 1.250 Kobe EW 608.220
21 1.500 El Centro NS 553.442
22 1.500 El Centro EW 545.736
23 1.500 Kobe NS 665.059
24 1.500 Kobe EW 729.864
1.8 Method of Numerical Analysis
The method of numerical analysis uses Newmark- method for ordinary building and base isolation
building, where the numerical parameter of Newmark method equals 1/4, and the time interval of
numerical analysis is 0.002 second. Type of damping uses rayleigh damping calculation. The
equation of rayleigh damping can be calculated by equation 1.8.1 and 1.8.2 where 1 and 2
are natural frequencies of 1st and 2nd mode, h is damping, K is a stiffness matrix and M is a mass
matrix.

[ C ] =a0 [ M ] +a1 [ K ] (1.8 .1)

2 h1 1 222 h1 2 12 2h 2 h2 2
a0 = 2 2
,a 1= 1 12 (1.8 .2)
2 1 1 22

The values of h1, 1 , h2 and 2 of ordinary building are represented by Table 1.8.1 and the

values of h1, 1 , h2 and 2 of base isolation building are also represented by Table 1.8.2.

No. Notation Value

1 h1 2 [%]

2 h2 2 [%]

3 1 4.017 [rad/sec]
4 2 11.111 [rad/sec]

Table 1.9.1 The Value of h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Ordinary Building

The values of damping factor take 2 % for ordinary building because the type of structure is steel
structure that has damping value equal 2 %.
 Table 1.9.2 The Value of h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Base Isolation Building

No. Notation Value

1 h1 2 [%]

2 h2 2 [%]

3 1 1.99 [rad/sec]

4 2 7.36 [rad/sec]

The values of damping take 2 % for base isolation building because the dynamic calculation of
structure use billinear hysteresis therefore equivalent damping of base isolation is not necessary to
be considered.

1.9. Dynamic Eigen Value Analysis

The result of dynamic eigenvalue for nonlinear analysis of ordinary building can be seen in the
Table 1.9.1 and also the result of dynamic eigenvalue of base isolation building can be seen in the
Table 1.9.2. Where f is frequency, T is time period, h is damping, (X) is participation factor in the
X direction, (Y) is participation factor in the Y direction, (Z) is participation factor in the Z
direction, (X) is equivalent mass ratio in the X direction, (Y) is equivalent mass ratio in the Y
direction and (Z) is equivalent mass ratio in the Z direction.

Table 1.9.1 Result of Eigen Value of Ordinary Building

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1.00 0.64 1.56 0.02 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.00 0.00
2.00 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 -8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3.00 1.77 0.57 0.02 3.48 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00
4.00 1.83 0.55 0.02 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5.00 3.01 0.33 0.03 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00
6.00 3.11 0.32 0.03 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7.00 4.35 0.23 0.04 -1.67 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00
8.00 4.48 0.22 0.04 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9.00 5.23 0.19 0.05 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
10.00 5.62 0.18 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Total 0.95 0.95 0.58

Table 1.9.2 Result of Eigen Value of Base Isolation Buiding

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.32 3.15 0.02 10.62 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.17 0.85 0.02 -1.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.03 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 2.25 0.44 0.03 -0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.04 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 3.45 0.29 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 4.48 0.22 0.06 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9 4.82 0.21 0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 5.23 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
Total 1.00 0.95 0.58

The dynamic eigenvalue analysis for base isolation is assumed to be large ground motion occur in
the building, according to this assumption, the stiffness of base isolation building uses equivalent
stiffness {Keq}. The summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of Table 1.10.1 eigen
analysis is 0.95 and the summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of Table 1.1 0.2 eigen
analysis is 1.00 according to Indonesian code SNI 1726-2014 clause 7.9.1 the minimum summation
equivalent mass ratio is 0.90, which means that the result calculation of dynamic eigen value
analysis is ok. Based on the participation factor in the x direction of Table 1.10.1 and 1.10.2, the
main of mode shape of ordinary building are mode number [1], [3], [5] and [7] and mode shape of
base isolation building are mode number [1] and [3].
1.10 Model of The Building of Risk Analysis
The model of the building of risk analysis is divided by four type layer which are base layer, middle
Top Layer
layer, upper middle layer and top layer. It can be illustrated by figure 1.10.1.

Upper Middle Layer

Middle Layer

Base Layer
 Figure 1.10.1 Model of The Building of Risk Analysis

1.11 Relationship between Story Dirft and Magnification Factor of the Earthquake
The relationship of magnification earthquake and story drift of each type of layer ordinary building
and base isolation building could be shown in figure 1.11.1, where the value of story drift of each
type layer is maximum value of story drift.
1.500
1st-3rd E-NS OD 1.250 4th-6th E-NS OD 7th-9th E-NS OD 10th-12th E-NS OD

1.000
1st-3rd E-EW OD 4th-6th E-EW OD 7th-9th E-EW OD 10th-12th E-EW OD
0.750
Earthquake Load x Qe
0.500
1st-3rd K-NS OD 4th-6th K-NS OD 4th-6th K-NS OD 7th-9th K-NS OD
0.250

10th-12th K-NS OD 0.000 1st-3rd K-EW 4th-6th K-EW 7th-9th K-EW

1.000 3.000 5.000 7.000 9.000 11.000 13.000
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000
10th-12th K-EW 1/50 1/100 1/200
Story Drift [cm]
 Figure 1.11.1 Relationship between Story Dirft and Magnification Factor of the Earthquake

According to figure 1.11.1, the story drift base layer and middle layer of ordinary building when
subjected to El centro EW and Kobe Ns is bigger than limitation 1/50.
The values of the all of figure 1.11.1 can be seen in table 1.11.1 until 1.11.8.
Table 1.11.1 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of El Centro NS Base Isolation Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.422 1.590 1.698 2.050 2.527 3.419
Middle Layer 1.693 1.898 2.044 2.293 2.750 3.426
Upper Middle Layer 1.661 1.806 2.223 2.396 2.644 2.929
Top Layer 1.433 1.717 2.278 2.491 2.834 3.143

Table 1.11.2 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of El Centro EW Base Isolation Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.392 1.541 2.029 2.309 2.909 5.100
Middle Layer 1.636 1.869 2.556 2.847 3.116 5.393
Upper Middle Layer 1.558 1.917 2.576 3.162 3.768 4.042
Top Layer 1.341 1.834 2.277 2.698 3.311 3.938

Table 1.11.3 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of Kobe NS Base Isolation Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.306 1.600 2.082 2.542 3.332 4.480
Middle Layer 1.500 1.877 2.415 2.768 3.287 4.241
Upper Middle Layer 1.498 1.958 2.293 2.382 2.669 3.189
Top Layer 1.398 2.130 2.467 2.476 2.648 3.147

Table 1.11.4 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of Kobe EW Base Isolation Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.329 1.552 1.707 1.861 2.055 2.787
Middle Layer 1.520 1.861 1.970 2.153 2.414 3.132
Upper Middle Layer 1.175 1.748 2.142 2.243 2.557 3.201
Top Layer 1.061 1.554 2.099 2.436 2.744 2.926
Table 1.11.5 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of El Centro NS Ordinary Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.414 2.638 4.445 5.440 6.108 8.114
Middle Layer 1.649 3.140 4.799 6.224 7.002 8.289
Upper Middle Layer 1.616 3.309 3.830 4.623 5.200 5.865
Top Layer 1.355 2.610 3.420 3.627 3.731 4.412

Table 1.11.6 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of El Centro EW Ordinary Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.778 3.312 5.098 6.049 8.330 11.090
Middle Layer 2.050 3.667 5.858 6.944 9.637 12.940
Upper Middle Layer 1.848 3.375 4.252 6.236 7.346 8.107
Top Layer 1.556 2.836 3.444 3.928 4.979 5.928

Table 1.11.7 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of Kobe NS Ordinary Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.500 2.899 3.482 5.101 7.908 10.880
Middle Layer 1.747 3.324 4.073 6.123 9.460 12.780
Upper Middle Layer 1.859 3.489 4.164 5.632 7.115 7.865
Top Layer 1.590 3.052 3.640 4.482 4.934 4.770

Table 1.11.8 Values of story Drift and Magnification factor of Kobe EW Ordinary Building
Story Drift [cm]
Layer
0.25 E 0.5 E 0.75 E 1 E 1.25 E 1.5 E
Base Layer 1.573 3.450 4.680 5.068 6.453 8.010
Middle Layer 1.805 3.884 5.298 5.761 7.066 8.410
Upper Middle Layer 1.634 3.076 4.120 4.721 4.971 6.054
Top Layer 1.607 3.166 3.902 4.150 4.490 4.747