This is a list of time zones as used by the U.S. military, Chinese military and others.

The names are based on the NATO phonetic alphabet (with two spelling changes:
Alpha for "Alfa", Juliet for "Juliett").

Going east from the prime meridian at Greenwich, letters Alpha through to Mike
(skipping "J", see below) are used for the 12 time zones with mainly positive UTC
offsets until reaching the International Date Line. Going west from Greenwich,
letters November through to Yankee are used for zones with negative time offsets.

The system originates with Nathaniel Bowditch's 1802 American Practical Navigator
where time zones were labelled with letters:[1] the letter "J" was skipped to avoid
confusion with "I" (as was the custom of the time) and because some alphabets
don't have one (such as Cyrillic). The militaries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand,
the United Kingdom, and the United States (also known as Five Eyes) use Allied
Communications Publication (ACP) 121 as their reference for the time zone
designators.[2]

The letter J ("Juliet"), originaIran is unusual in that the dates of DST transitions aren't
based on a rule such as the third Monday in September.

So in most countries, DST transitions occur on the same weekday every year, but
not in Iran.[3]

2014

Sat, Mar 22, 12:00 AM

Mon, Sep 22, 12:00 AM

2015

Sun, Mar 22, 12:00 AM

Tue, Sep 22, 12:00 AM

2016

Mon, Mar 21, 12:00 AM

Wed, Sep 21, 12:00 AM

2017

Wed, Mar 22, 12:00 AM

Fri, Sep 22, 12:00 AM

2018

Thu, Mar 22, 12:00 AM

Sat, Sep 22, 12:00 AM

Time zone changes Edit

Period in use Time offset from GMT Name of Time

1800 1946 UTC+03:25:44 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

1947 1977 UTC+03:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

1977 1979 UTC+04:00

UTC+05:00 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)

1979 1980 UTC+03:30

UTC+04:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)

1981 1990 UTC+03:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

1991 2005 UTC+03:30

UTC+04:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)

2006 2007 UTC+03:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

2008 present UTC+03:30

UTC+04:30 Iran Standard Time (IRST)

Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)

IANA time zone database Edit

The IANA time zone database contains one zone for Iran in the file zone.tab, named
Asia/Tehran.

References Edit

^ "Iran will not observe DST". Presstv.ir. 20 March 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2010.

^ "Time zone and daylight saving time for Iran Tehran between 2010 and 2019".
Timeanddate.com. Retrieved 9 May 2010.

^ "Time Changes in Tehran over the years".Iran Standard Time (IRST) or Iran Time
(IT) is the time zone used in Iran. Iran uses a UTC offset UTC+03:30. IRST is defined
by the 52.5 degrees east meridian, the same meridian which defines the Iranian
calendar and is the official meridian of Iran.

Between 2005 and 2008, by decree of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran did
not observe daylight saving time (called Iran Daylight Time or IRDT).[1][2] It was
reintroduced from 21 March 2008.Emamzadeh (Persian: , also Romanized as
Emmzdeh; also known as Emmzdeh Qsem)[1] is a village in Kharaqan-e
Sharqi Rural District, Abgarm District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the
2006 census, its population was 52, in 11 families.[2]

References Edit

^ Emamzadeh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the
Advanced Search box, entering "-3773347" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and
clicking on "Search Database".

^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". Islamic Republic of Iran.
Archived from the original (Excel) on 2011-11-11.Gonbad-e Pir Mohammad (Persian:
, also Romanized as Gonbad-e Pr Moammad and Gonbad Pr Moammad;
also known as Emmzdeh Pr Moad, Emmzdeh Pr Moammad, mmzdeh Pr
Mohad, mamzade Pr Mohan, and Pr Moammad)[1] is a village in Chamzey Rural
District, in the Central District of Malekshahi County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the
2006 census, its population was 1,766, in 341 families.[2]
References Edit

^ Gonbad-e Pir Mohammad can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by
opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3064798" in the "Unique Feature Id"
form, and clicking on "Search Database".Pir Hajat (Persian: , also Romanized
as Pr jt and Pir-i-Hajat; also known as Pr Hji and Pir Hajji)[1] is a village in Pir
Hajat Rural District, in the Central District of Tabas County, South Khorasan
Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 165, in 62 families.[2]

References Edit

^ Pir Hajat can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the
Advanced Search box, entering "-3078313" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and
clicking on "Search Database".

^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". Islamic Republic of Iran.
Archived from the original (Excel) on 2011-11-11.The lion (Panthera leo) is one of
the big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae. The
commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in
Africa. With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight,[5] it is the second-
largest living cat after the tiger, barring hybrids like the liger.[6][7] Wild lions
currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India (where an endangered remnant
population resides in and around Gir Forest National Park). In ancient historic times,
their range was in most of Africa, including North Africa, and across Eurasia from
Greece and southeastern Europe to India. In the late Pleistocene, about 10,000
years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans:
Panthera leo spelaea lived in northern and western Europe and Panthera leo atrox
lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru.[8] The lion is classified as a vulnerable
species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), having seen a
major population decline in its African range of 3050% over two decades during the
second half of the twentieth century.[3] Lion populations are untenable outside
designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not
fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of
concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.

In the wilderness, males seldom live longer than 10 to 14 years, as injuries

sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity.[9]
In captivity they can live more than 20 years. They typically inhabit savanna and
grassland, although they may take to bush and forest. Lions are unusually social
compared to other cats. A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring
and a small number of adult males. Groups of female lions typically hunt together,
preying mostly on large ungulates. Lions are apex and keystone predators, although
they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by
scavenging as opportunity allows. While lions do not typically hunt humans, some
have. Sleeping mainly during the dPicatinny rail, a bracket used on some firearms in
order to provide a standardized mounting platform for telescopic sights and other
accessories

Rails or Rallidae, a family of birds which includes crakes, coots, and gallinules

Structural

Guard rail, for protective separation of persons (including those in vehicles) from
dangerous places or situations

Hand rail, for physical support, such as on stairways and steps

Theatre rail, see batten (theater), from which lighting fixtures, theatrical scenery,
tabs or curtains may be hung

Curtain rail, see curtain, from which curtains are hung

Door rails, see frame and panel, a horizontal outside member on a door or in a
frame and panel construction

Electrical engineering

Power supply rail or voltage rail, a single voltage provided by a power supply unit

Computer science

Ruby on Rails, often simply Rails, is an open source web application framework
which runs via the Ruby programming language

Other usesMichael "Mike" Jackel (born October 19, 1959 in Vancouver) is a retired
Canadian-German professional basketball player. A 67 forward, he won the 1993
European Championships with the German mens national team and was the first
player to score more than 10.000 points in the German Basketball Bundesliga.

Career Edit
The son of German parents who had migrated to Canada, Jackel played at Simon
Fraser University from 1978 to 1982. He scored 1,940 points for the Clan, leaving as
the second leading scorer in SFU history behind Jay Triano. Posting 28.9 points per
contest, he led the NAIA in scoring his senior year (1981-82),[1] which earned him
NAIA All-America Second Team honors that season. He was inducted into the SFU
Hall of Fame in 1994.[2]

Jackel spent his 17-year professional career entirely in the German top-flight
Basketball Bundesliga, playing for Wolfenbttel (1982), Gttingen (1982-1985), Kln
(1985-1988; 1989-1990), Charlottenburg (1988-1989), Bamberg (1990-1997) and
Braunschweig (1997-1999). He won four German championships and four German
cup titles. In December 1996, Jackel became the first player in the Bundesliga to
surpass the 10.000 point mark[3] and finished his professional career in 1999 with
10.783 points, which made him the all-time leading scorer in the league.[4]

Following his professional career, Jackel returned to his native Canada.

National team Edit

Between 1984 and 1993, Jackel won a total of 113 caps for theA towel is a piece of
absorbent fabric or paper used for drying or wiping a body or a surface. It draws
moisture through direct contact, often using a blotting or a rubbing motion. In
households, several types of fabric towels are used, including hand towels (small
towels placed by a sink for drying the hands), bath towels (large towels for drying
the hair and body after a bath or shower) and kitchen towels, which are used for
drying dishes. In warm climates, people may also use beach towels, which are large
towels used for drying off after swimming and for placing on beach surfaces.
Common household textile towels are made from cotton, rayon, bamboo, non-
woven fibers, and a few other materials. Paper towels are provided in commercial or
office bathrooms for users to dry their hands. Paper towels are also used in
households for a range of wiping, cleaning and drying tasks.

History Edit

According to Middle Ages archaeological studies, "... closely held personal items
included the ever present knife and a towel."[1] However, the invention of the towel
is commonly associated with the city of Bursa, Turkey, in the 17th century. These
Turkish towels began as a flat, woven piece of cotton or linen called a pestamel,
often hand-embroidered. Long enough to wrap around the body, pestamel were
originally fairly narrow, but are now wider and commonly measure 90 by 170
centimetres (35 in 67 in).[2] Pestamel were used in Turkish baths as they stayed
light when wet and were very absorbent.

As the Ottoman Empire grew, so did the use of the towel. Weavers were asked to
embroider more elaborate designs, aided by their knowledge of carpet-weaving.[3]
By the 18th century, towels began to feature loops sticking up from the pile of the
material. These looped towels became known as havly; over time, this word has
changed to havlu, the Turkish word for towel, and means with loops.[4] Towels
didn't become affordable until the 19th century, with the cotton trade and
industrialization. With mechanization, cotton terry-towelling became available by
the yard as well as being stocked in shops as pre-made towels.[5]

Now, towels are available in a variety of sizes, materials and designs. Some hotels
which provide towel and bath robes embed washable RFID tags into their linens to
deter theft.[6]

Types Edit

Close-up photo of a bath towel, made of terrycloth, showing the absorbing helipad is
a landing area or platform for helicopters and powered lift aircraft.

While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on a variety of
relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard surface
away from obstacles where such aircraft can land safely.

Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off and
landing aircraft, may be called vertiports. An example is Vertiport Chicago,[1] which
opened in 2015.[2]

Usage Edit
There is a helipad in the back of this U.S. Navy Strategic Sealift Ship.

Helipads may be located at a heliport or airport where fuel, air traffic control and
service facilities for aircraft are available.

Most helipads are located remote from populated areas due to sounds, winds, space
and cost constraints, however, some skyscrapers maintain a helipad on their roofs
in order to accommodate air taxi services. Some basic helipads are built on highrise
buildings for evacuation in case of a major fire outbreak. Major police departments
may use a dedicated helipad at heliports as a base for police helicopters.

Large ships and oil platforms usually have a helipad on board for emergency use. In
such a case, the term "helideck" or "helodeck" has been widely used in the meaning
of a helipad on board.

Helipads are common features at hospitals where they serve to facilitate medical
evacuation or air ambulance transfers of patients to trauma centers or to accept
patients from remote areas without local hospitals or facilities capable of providing
the level of emergency medicine required. In urban environments, these heliports
are typically located on the roof of the hospital.

Rooftop helipads sometimes display a large two-digit number, reprPakistani War of

1971, produced and directed by J. P. Dutta. The film starred an ensemble cast of
Sunny Deol, Sunil Shetty, Akshaye Khanna, Jackie Shroff in pivotal roles. The film is
an adaptation from real life events that happened at the Battle of Longewala during
the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The film was screened retrospective on August 13th
2016 at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian
Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense, commemorating 70th Indian
Independence Day.[2] It was the highest grossing Bollywood film of the year 1997.
[3]

Synopsis Edit
The film opens before the declaration of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. At a
forward operating airbase, Indian Air Force Wing Commander Anand 'Andy' Bajwa,
setting his stopwatch, waits for the air raid siren to go. As the siren goes, he sprints
towards his MiG-21, armed, fuelled and ready for take off. Bajwa and his air force
wingmen soon take off to an unknown airbase in Rajasthan. Once there, he is
debriefed by his superior that he and his squadron are assigned to the Jaisalmer
sector and have to fly the outdated Hawker Hunter Ground attack planes (with no
night vision capabilities) to support the Indian Army. He is soon joined by his
brother-in-arms army Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri (played by Sunny Deol) as they
meet on a courier flight and speak about the possibility of opening of the Western
front in light of the East Pakistan conflict. Kuldip takes up command of a company of
the 23rd Battalion Punjab Regiment, arguing the light defence being assigned to the
military post of Longewala. He meets his second-in-command 2nd Lieutenant
Dharamveer Bhan (Akshaye Khanna) (who happens to be the son of a 1965 Indo-
Pakistani War veteran who was killed during that war) and the Company JCO Naib
Subedar Mathura Das (Sudesh Berry). The company moves to a remote outpost in
the deserts of Rajasthan and begin to expand the rudimentary Border Security Force
(BSF) post and does observation of the area up to the international border with
Pakistan. They meet the post's BSF commandant Bhairon Singh (Sunil Shetty), a
deeply patriotic man who expresses his love for the desert.

During a night patrol, Kuldip, Dharamveer and Bhairon Singh come across a
suspicious bunch of locals who turn out to be insurgents having informed the
identities of the company to the Pakistani military. The trio get into a brief firefight
killing all but one of the insurgents when Dharamveer hesitates to shoot the
surviving insurgent, as he has never killed anyone. Kuldip severely derides him and
shoots the insurgent himself, prompting Dharamveer to vomit. A badly shaken
Dharamvir is comforted by Bhairon Singh and the two reminisce about their
personal lives. Dharamveer recounts how he met his fiancee Kamla (Pooja Bhatt), a
lively girl from his native village whom he had fallen for and how he got his
mobilization orders on the day of his engagement to Kamla. Bhairon Singh recounts
his wedding night, his first night with his bride (played by Sharbani Mukherjee),
when he was called back to post and how he bids a tearful goodbye to his newly-
wed wife Phool Kanwar.

The unit is joined by the charismatic Subedar Ratan Singh (Puneet Issar), a man of
insatiable appetite and wit, with two 106mm jeep-mounted RCL guns to serve as an
anti-armour unit. The company wireless operator picks up a spy transmitting from a
nearby area and Dharamveer sets out to investigate. He ambushes the spy and kills
the man, bringing the body back to the post to prove that he has overcome his fear
of killing. The unit settles down to wait for the enemy as they keep track of the
developing events on the radio. The Indian army starts moving forces to nearby
locations preparing to attack if Pakist