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SBI PO Prelims 2017-

English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com

SBI PO Prelims 2017-


English Memory Based Paper
with Solution

www.aspirantszone.com

SBI PO Prelims 2017- English


Memory Based Paper
with Solution


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
Direction (1-10): Read the following passage and answer the Questions that follow.

ABOUT 1.3 illio people use o e or other ersio of Mi rosofts Wi do s operati g s ste s, a d well over a billion
ha e do loaded Mozillas Firefo e ro ser. Mi or ariatio s aside, e er op of these produ tslike all other
mass-market softwarehas exactly the same bits in it. This makes such software a honeypot for hackers, who can
write attack code that will cause precisely the same damage to, say, every copy of Windows 7 it infects. Worse, the
bad guys can hone their attacks by practising on their own machines, confident that what they see will be what their
victims get.

This computing monoculturewhich also extends to the widespread use of particular pieces of hardware, such as
microprocessors from Intel and ARMhas long been the bane of technologists. In the face of a near constant
onslaught from hackers, antivirus software is frequently several steps behind the foe. Symantec, one of the
commercial pioneers of online security, estimates that antivirus software now stops only 45% of attacks. The firm
re e tl de lared that this approa h as dead a d a e o e as eeded.

Michael Franz, a computer scientist at the University of California, Irvine, agrees. And he believes the answer is to
learn from nature. Lots of species are composed of individuals which are, the occasional set of identical twins apart,
all slightly different genetically from each other. Sexual reproduction ensures this. Indeed, it is probably the reason
sex evolved in the first place, for it means that no bacterium or virus can wipe out an entire population, since some
are almost certain to be genetically immune to any given pathogen.

Applying the idea of genetic diversity to software is not a new idea. High-security systems, such as the fly-by-wire
programs used in aeroplanes, are designed from the outset with code that differs between installations. But this
approach is too costly for large-scale use. Some mass-market software companies have instead introduced modest
diversity to deter attackers, such as randomly choosing the starting addresses of big blocks of memory, but this is not
enough to defeat a determined hacker.

Dr Franz is therefore taking a novel approach by tweaking the programs, called compilers, that convert applications
ritte i la guages su h as C++ a d Ja a i to the a hi e ode e plo ed a o puters pro essor. Most
compilers are designed to optimise things such as the speed of the resulting machine code. That leads to a single
a s er. Dr Fra zs ulti o piler trades a it of this opti alit for di ersit i the o piled ode. This leeway,
hi h di i ishes the odes speed of e e utio a a ou t i perceptible to the user, enables a multicompiler to
create billions of different, but functionally identical, interpretations of the original program. When a user requests a
specific application from a cloud- ased app store , the appropriate ulti o piler in the store generates a unique
ersio for hi , thus aki g a ha kers task igh i possi le.

Dr Franz has already built a prototype that can diversify programs such as Firefox and Apache Linux. Test attacks
designed to take over computers running the resulting machine code always failed. The worst thing that happened
was that the attack crashed the target machine, requiring a reboot. The rest of the time it simply had no perceptible
effect.

Dr Franz puts the chance of a hacker successfully penetrating one of his randomised application programs at about
one in a billion. No doubt these odds would shorten if his approach were taken up widely, for hackers are endlessly
ingenious. But at the moment they mean that, if his system of multicompilers were used universally, any given hack
would affect but a handful of the machines existing on the entire planet.


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
1) What reason does the author mentions for Microsoft Windows Operating System being hacked easily?
A) Because they are downloaded from the internet, like Firefox
B) These software have same coding structure.
C) Hackers practice hacking on their system and apply it on the host computer
D) the tweaks in the program were not sufficient to stop hacking.
E) Not clearly mentioned in the passage

2) The phrase bane of technologists has been used to highlight ___ ?


A) that 45% of the antivirus are ineffective
B) The computing culture of use of same compiler for all languages
C) Use of similar coding for software and same architecture for hardware in computers
D) The computing monoculture that all users are using Windows Operating system rather than Linux
E) Not mentioned in the passage

3) What does Michael Franz advices, to learn from the nature?


A) To stop the bacteria and virus from wiping out the entire population
B) To make people genetically immune from the pathogens
C) To apply the concept of genetic modification to software and hardware
D) To develop fly-wire programmme for aero planes
E) All of the above

4) Which of the following statement is incorrect in context to the passage?


A) The application of genetic diversity to software can reduce hacking
B) The approach of using antivirus software has become obsolete
C) Due to the use of multi compiler the time required for code execution has diminished
D) Mass Market Software are easy to hack as they have same code
E) All ate correct

5) What is the shortcoming of the prototype developed by Dr. Franz to diversify programs such as Apache Linux?
I. The speed of execution is reduced
II. They have to be downloaded from "app-store" hence making the process lengthier
III. The test attacks on such program required the system to reboot as a result of crash
A) I and III
B) II and III
C) Only III
D) I and II
E) I, II and III

6) Why has the author given the example of fly wire program?
A) to highlight the development in aviation sector
B) to incline the software industry for using this technique
C) to present an example of genetic diversity in software
D) to show how a randomly chosen address of a block of memory, deter the hacker
E) to explain the failure of antivirus industry

7) Which of the following word means MOST SIMILAR to the word COMPOSED as mentioned in the passage?
A) relaxed B) placid C) constituting D) assured


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
8) Which of the following word means MOST SIMILAR to the word LEEWAY as mentioned in the passage?
A) opportunity B) demand C) technology D) flexibility

9) Which of the following word means MOST OPPOSITE to the word WELL as mentioned in the passage?
A) insignificant B) unfit C) poor D) incomplete

10) Which of the following word means MOST OPPOSITE to the word MODEST as mentioned in the passage?
A) mixed B) flamboyant C) great D) purposeful

Direction (11-20): In the passage given below there are 10 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Even
blank has four alternative words given in options (A),(B),(C) and (D). You have to tell which word will best suit
the respective blank. Mark (E) as your answer if the work given in bold after the blank is your answer i.e "No
change required".

WITH the pace of technological change making heads spin, we tend to think of our age as the most (11)______
[definite] . We have smartphones and supercomputers, big data and nanotechnologies, gene therapy and stem-
cell transplants. Governments, universities and firms together spend around $1.4 trillion a year on R&D, more
than ever before.
(12)____[Purposefully] nobody recently has come up with an invention half as useful as that depicted on our
cover. With its clean lines and intuitive user interface, the humble loo transformed the lives of billions of people.
A d it as t just oder sa itatio that spra g fro late-19th and early-20th-century brains: they produced
cars, planes, the telephone, radio and antibiotics.
Modern science (13)_____ [can try] to make anything like the same impact, and this is why a growing band of
thinkers claim that the pace of innovation (14)_____ [moved] . Interestingly, the gloomsters include not just
academics such as Robert Gordon, the American economist who offered the toilet test of uninventiveness, but
also entrepreneurs such as Peter Thiel, a venture capitalist behind Facebook.
If the pessimists are right, the (15)_______ [implications] are huge. Economies can (16)_____ [respite] growth
by adding more stuff: more workers, investment and education. But sustained increases in output per person,
which are (17)_____ [constant] to raise incomes and welfare, entail using the stuff we (18)______ [arrange] in
better waysinnovating, in other words. If the rate at which we innovate, and spread that innovation, slows
down, so too, other things being equal, will our growth rate.
Ever since Malthus forecast that we would all starve, human ingenuity has proved the prophets of doom wrong.
But these days the impact of innovation does indeed seem to be (19)_______ [comprehensive] .
The speed of travel, in the rich world at least, is often slower now than it was a generation earlier, after rocketing
a e tur or so ago. A ordi g to Mr Gordo , produ ti it also supports the pessi ists ase: it took off i the
mid-19th century, accelerated in the early 20th century and (20)_____ [foiled up] pretty well until the early
1970s. It then dipped sharply, ticked up in late 1990s with computerisation and dipped again in the mid-2000s.

11) What should come in place of (11)?


A) clever B) customary C) innovative ever D) creative E) No Change Required

12) What should come in place of (12)?


A) Hence B) Yet C) Even though D) Since E) No Change Required

13) What should come in place of (13)?


A) has justified B) has compelled C) has adapted D) has failed E) No Change Required


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
14) What should come in place of (14)?
A) has improved B) depleted C) has slowed D) has boosted E) No Change Required

15) What should come in place of (15)?


A) changes B) overloads C) imputes D) coverts E) No Change Required

16) What should come in place of (16)?


A) effect B) generate C) cause D) breed E) No Change Required

17) What should come in place of (17)?


A) avoidable B) destructive C) necessary D) trivial E) No Change Required

18) What should come in place of (18)?


A) damage B) already have C) produce D) neglect E) No Change Required

19) What should come in place of (19)?


A) strengthening B) raising C) adding up D) tailing off E) No Change Required

20) What should come in place of (20)?


A) deteriorated B) held up C) focused D) highlighted E) No Change Required

Directions (21-30): Which of phrases given below should replace the phrase printed in bold type to make the
sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.

21) According with study, 25 is the golden age when humans can outsmart computers.
A) Accordingly a
B) According to a
C) In accordance by a
D) According by
E) No Change Required

22) The seizure of the farmer's property were carried out under the direct order from the minister.
A) were being carried
B) was carrying out
C) was carried out
D) was carried in
E) No Change Required

23) Water is the elixir around that the existence of life on the Earth centres.
A) around which
B) under that
C) under which
D) from that
E) No Change Required

24) Our happiness or sorrow it depends largely to our own actions.


A) are dependent
B) is dependent as


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
C) was the source
D) is largely due
E) No Change Required

25) During the interrogation each of girls give her own version of the affair.
A) giving their own
B) gave their
C) gave her own
D) gives her actual
E) No Change Required

26) He may be right or wrong in his opinion but he is too clearheaded on being unjustly
A) to be unjust
B) for being unjust
C) by being unjust
D) and can be unjustly
E) No Change Required

27) He knows the weakness of human reason as well as its strength.


A) as his
B) and their
C) apart from his
D) from the
E) No Change Required

28) Humility is one of the most difficult of virtues capable of attain and to ascertain.
A) difficult to
B) and to
C) both to
D) temporal to
E) No Change Required

29) The boy smiled hesitantly when told why he hadn't finished his chores.
A) a bit when answered
B) apologetically when asked
C) little on telling
D) basically on telling
E) No Change Required

30) Many of the characters in the book will be familiar to those whom have read his previous novels.
A) who have read
B) who has reading
C) who are reads
D) reading in
E) No Change Required


SBI PO Prelims 2017-
English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
Answers
1) B) As mentioned- like all other mass-market softwarehas exactly the same bits in it. Hence these software
have same bit means similar coding.
2) C) Use of similar coding for software and same architecture for hardware in computers
The author has e tio ed that This computing monoculturehas long been the bane of technologists. And
hat is the o puti g o o ulture, it is the use of sa e it of odi g i soft ares a d sa e hard ares i
computers
3) C) To apply the concept of genetic modification to software and hardware
4) C) Due to the use of multi compiler the time required for code execution has diminished
The statement- This lee a , hi h di i ishes the odes speed of e e utio a a ou t i perceptible to the
user : means that the speed of execution has diminished/reduced, means that the time required to execute will
increase. Hence C) is incorrect.
5) C) Only III
Test attacks designed to take over computers running the resulting machine code always failed. The worst thing
that happened was that the attack crashed the target machine, requiring a reboot.
6) C) to present an example of genetic diversity in software
7) C) constituting
8) D) flexibility
leeway- freedom/flexibility
9) A) insignificant
here well over means- significantly over.
10) C) great
modest- relatively moderate, limited, or small.

11) C) innovative ever

12) B) Yet 13) D) has failed 14) C) has slowed

15) E) No Change Required 16) B) generate 17) C) necessary

18) B) already have 19) D) tailing off 20) B) held up

21) B) According to a 22) C) was carried out 23) A) around which

24) D) is largely due 25) C) gave her own 26) A) to be unjust

27) E) No Change Required 28) C) both to 29) B) apologetically when asked


30) A) who have read


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English Memory Based Paper with Solution www.aspirantszone.com
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