University of New Mexico: Memet Sahin, Necati Olgun, Vakkas Uluçay, Abdullah Kargın and Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol.
15, 2017 31
University of New Mexico
A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity Value

between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets Based on the
Centroid Points of Transformed Single Valued
Neutrosophic Numbers with Applications to Pattern
Recognition
1 1 1 1
Memet Sahin, Necati Olgun, Vakkas Uluay, Abdullah Kargn
and Florentin Smarandache
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: mesahin@gantep.edu.tr
2
Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: olgun@gantep.edu.tr
3
Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: vulucay27@gmail.com
4
Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. E-mail: abdullahkargin27@gmail.com
5
Department of Mathematics, University of New Mexico,705 Gurley Avenue, Gallup, NM 87301, USA
E-mail: fsmarandache@gmail.com
Abstract. In this paper, we propose some transfor- falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets.
mations based on the centroid points between single Furthermore, we propose similarity measure based on
valued neutrosophic numbers. We introduce these trans- falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets
formations according to truth, indeterminacy and falsity based on the centroid points of transformed single valued
value of single valued neutrosophic numbers. We neutrosophic numbers. We also apply the proposed
propose a new similarity measure based on falsity value similarity measure between single valued neutrosophic
between single valued neutrosophic sets. Then we prove sets to deal with pattern recognition problems.
some properties on new similarity measure based on
falsity value between
Keywords: Neutrosophic sets, Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers, Centroid Points.
1 Introduction similarity between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on trans-

formed techniques for pattern recognition. But those meth-
In [1] Atanassov introduced a concept of intuitionistic
ods are unsuitable for dealing with the similarity measures
sets based on the concepts of fuzzy sets [2]. In [3]
of neutrosophic sets since intuitionistic sets are character-
Smarandache introduced a concept of neutrosophic sets
ized by only a membership function and a non-
which is characterized by truth function, indeterminacy
membership function. Few researchers dealt with similarity
function and falsity function, where the functions are com-
measures for neutrosophic sets [16-22]. Recently, Jun [18]
pletely independent. Neutrosophic set has been a mathe-
discussed similarity measures on internalneutrosophic sets,
matical tool for handling problems involving imprecise,
Majumdar et al.[17] discussed similarity and entropy of
indeterminant and inconsistent data; such as cluster analy-
neutrosophic sets, Broumi et.al.[16]discussed several simi-
sis, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and decision
larity measures of neutrosophic sets, Ye [9] discussed sin-
making.In [4] Smarandache et.al introduced a concept of
gle-valued neutrosophic similarity measures based on co-
single valued neutrosophic sets. Recently few researchers
tangent function and their application in the fault diagnosis
have been dealing with single valued neutrosophic sets [5-
of steam turbine, Deli et.al.[10] discussed multiple criteria
10].
decision making method on single valued bipolar neutro-
The concept of similarity is fundamentally important in
sophic set based on correlation coefficient similarity meas-
almost every scientific field. Many methods have been
ure, Ulucay et.al. [21] discussed Jaccard vector similarity
proposed for measuring the degree of similarity between
measure of bipolar neutrosophic set based on multi-criteria
intuitionistic fuzzy sets [11-15]. Furthermore, in [13-15]
decision making and Ulucay et.al.[22] discussed similarity
methods have been proposed for measuring the degree of
Memet Sahin et al., A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity Value between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets Based
on the Centroid Points of Transformed Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers with Applications to Pattern Recognition
32 Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 15, 2017
measure of bipolar neutrosophic sets and their application ship, the degree of indeterminacy and degree of non-
to multiple criteria decision making. membership of the element to the set with the
In this paper, we propose methods to transform be- condition:
tween single valued neutrosophic numbers based on cen-
troid points. Here, as single valued neutrosophic sets are 0 () + () + () 3+
made up of three functions, to make the transformation
functions be applicable to all single valued neutrosophic
numbers, we divide them into four according to their truth, Definition 2.2 [4] Let be a universe of discourse.The
indeterminacy and falsity values. While grouping accord- single valued neutrosophic set is an object having the
ing to the truth values, we take into account whether the farm = {: () , () , () , } where the func-
truth values are greater or smaller than the indeterminancy tions , , : [0,1]respectively the degree of member-
and falsity values. Similarly, while grouping according to
ship, the degree of indeterminacy and degree of non-
the indeterminancy/falsity values, we examine the inde-
terminancy/falsity values and their greatness or smallness membership of the element to the set A with the
with respect to their remaining two values. We also pro- condition:
pose a new method to measure the degree of similarity
based on falsity values between single valued neutrosophic 0 () + () + () 3
sets. Then we prove some properties of new similarity
measure based on falsity value between single valued neu- For convenience we can simply use x = (T,I,F) to represent
trosophic sets. When we take this measure with respect to an element x in SVNS, and element x can be called a sin-
truth or indeterminancy we show that it does not satisfy
gle valued neutrosophic number.
one of the conditions of similarity measure. We also apply
the proposed new similarity measures based on falsity val-
Definition 2.3 [4] A single valued neutrosophic set is
ue between single valued neutrosophic sets to deal with
pattern recognition problems. Later, we define the method equal to another single valued neutrosophic set B, =
based on falsity value to measure the degree of similarity if ,
between single valued neutrosophic set based on centroid
points of transformed single valued neutrosophic numbers () = () , () = () , () = () .
and the similarity measure based on falsity value between
single valued neutrosophic sets. Definition 2.4[4] A single valued neutrosophic set A is
In section 2, we briefly review some concepts of single contained in another single valued neutrosophic set B ,
valued neutrosophic sets [4] and property of similarity
if ,
measure between single valued neutrosophic sets. In sec-
tion 3, we define transformations between the single val-
ued neutrosophic numbers based on centroid points. In sec- () () , () () , () () .
tion 4, we define the new similarity measures based on fal-
sity value between single valued neutrosophic sets and we Definition 2.5[16] (Axiom of similarity measure)
prove some properties of new similarity measure between
single valued neutroshopic sets. We also apply the pro- A mapping(, ): () () [0,1] , where ()
posed method to deal with pattern recognition problems. In denotes the set of all NS in = {1 , , },is said to be the
section 5, we define the method to measure the degree of degree of similarity between and if it satisfies the fol-
similarity based on falsity value between single valued
lowing conditions:
neutrosophicset based on the centroid point of transformed
single valued neutrosophic number and we apply the
s1 ) 0 (, ) 1
measure to deal with pattern recognition problems. Also
we compare the traditional and new methods in pattern
recognition problems. s2 ) (, ) = 1 if and only if = , ,
s3 ) (, ) = (, )
2 Preliminaries
s4 ) If for all , , , then (, )
Definition 2.1[3] Let be a universe of discourse. The (, )and (, ) (, ).
neutrosophic set is an object having the farm =
{: () , () , () , } where the functions
, , : ] 0, 1+ [ respectively the degree of member-
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 15, 2017 33
3 The Transformation Techniques between Single

Valued Neutrosophic Numbers
In this section, we propose transformation techniques

between a single valued neutrosophic number
( ) , () , () and a single valued neutrosophic
number ( ) . Here ( ) , ( ) , () denote the single
valued neutrosophic numbers to represent an element in
the single valued neutrosophic set A, and ( ) is the cen-

ter of a triangle (SLK) which was obtained by the trans-
formation on the three-dimensional plane.
First we transform single valued neutrosophic numbers ac-

cording to their distinct , , values in three parts.
3.1 Transformation According to the Truth Value
In this section, we group the single valued neutrosophic Here, as

numbers after the examination of their truth values s
greatness or smallness against and values. We will ( 2 () ( ) )
shift the () and ( ) values on the Z axis and( ) ( ) = ( ) +
and ( ) values on the Y axis onto each other. We take 3
2 ( ) + 2 ()
the ( ) value on the M axis. The shifting on the Z and =
Y planes are made such that we shift the smaller value to 3
the difference of the greater value and 2, as shown in the
below figures. (2 () ( ) )
( ) = ( ) +
3
1. First Group 2 () + 2 ( )
=
3
For the single valued neutrosophic numbers
( ) , () , () , if and
( ) ( ) ( ) = ( ) ,
and we have
( ) ( ) , 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( )

( ) = ( , , ( ) ).
3 3
as shown in the figure below, we transformed
( ) , () , () into the single valued neutrosophic 2. Second Group
number () , the center of the SKL triangle, where
( ) = (( ) , () , ( ) ) ( ) , () , () , if
( ) = (2 ( ) , ( ) , ( ) )
( ) ( )
() = (( ) , 2 () , ( ) ) .
and
( ) ( ) ,

( ) , () , () into the single valued neutrosophic
number () , the center of the SKL triangle, where
( ) = (() , () , ( ) ) into the single valued neutrosophic number ( ) , the cen-

ter of the SKL triangle, where
LA() = (( ) , 2 () , () ) SA( ) = (TA( ) , IA( ) , FA() )
K A() = (2 ( ) , () , ( ) ) . LA() = (TA() , 2 TA() , FA( ) )
K A() = (2 FA( ) , IA( ) , FA() ) .
Here, as
Here, as
(2 ( ) ( ) )
( ) = ( ) + (2 ( ) () )
3 ( ) = ( ) +
2 ( ) + 2 () 3
= 2 ( ) + 2 ()
3 =
3
(2 () ( ) )
( ) = ( ) + (2 () ( ) )
3 ( ) = ( ) +
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 3
= 2 ( ) + 2 ( )
3 =
3
and
and
( ) = ( ) ,
( ) = ( ) ,
we have
we have
CA( )
2 TA() + 2 FA() 2 TA( ) + 2IA( ) CA( )
=( , , FA( ) ) . 2 FA() + 2 TA( ) 2 TA( ) + 2IA( )
3 3 =( , , FA( ) ) .
3 3
3. Third Group
4. Fourth Group
( ) , () , () , ifIA( ) TA( ) FA() ,as shown For the single valued neutrosophic numbers
in the figure below, we transformed ( ) , () , () ( ) , () , () , ifFA( ) TA() IA() ,as shown in
the figure below, we transformed ( ) , ( ) , ( ) in- . 0.3, 0.2, 0.5single valued neutrosophic number be-
to the single valued neutrosophic number ( ) , the center longs to the third group.
of the SKL triangle, where
The formula for the center of 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 is CA() =
2 FA( ) +2 TA( ) 2 TA( ) + 2IA( )
SA( ) = (FA() , TA( ) , FA() ) (
,
, FA( ) )and therefore we
3 3
have CA(x) = 0.7, 0.7, 0.5.
LA() = (FA() , 2 TA( ) , FA( ) )
. 0.3, 0.2, 0.4single valued neutrosophic number is in
K A() = (2 A( ) , TA( ) , FA( ) ) . the third group and the center is calculated to be CA(x) =
0.733, 0.7, 0.4.
Corollary 3.1.2The corners of the triangles obtained using

the above method need not be single valued neutrosophic
number but by definition, trivially their centers are.
Note 3.1.3As for the single valued neutrosophic number1,

ber1, 1, 1 there does not exist any transformable trian-
gle in the above four groups, we take its transformation
equal to itself.
Corollary 3.1.4If FA( ) = TA() = IA( ) the transfor-

mation gives the same center in all four groups. Also,
if TA() = IA() FA() , then the center in the first group
is equal to the one in the third group and if FA( )
TA() = IA( ) , the center in the second group is equal to
Example3.1.1Transform the following single valued neu- the center in the fourth group. Similarly, if TA( ) =
trosophic numbers according to their truth values. FA() IA() , then the center in the first group is equal to
the center in the fourth group and if IA( ) TA() = FA( )
0.2, 0.5, 0.7 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 , 0.3,
, the center in the second group is equal to the one in the
0.2, 0.4 .
third group.
. 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 single valued neutrosophic number be-
3.2Transformation According to the Indeterminancy
longs to the first group.
Value
The center is calculated by the formula,( ) = In this section, we group the single valued neutrosophic
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( )
numbers after the examination of their indeterminancy val-
( , , ( ) )
3 3
ues s greatness or smallness against A and values. We
and we haveCA() = 0.566, 0.633, 0.7 . will shift the ( ) and ( ) values on the Z axis
and () and ( ) values on the Y axis onto each other.
. 0.9, 0.4, 0.5single valued neutrosophic number is in We take the ( ) value on the M axis. The shifting on
the second group. the Z and Y planes are made such that we shift the smaller
value to the difference of the greater value and 2, as shown
The center for the values of the second group is, CA( ) =
in the below figures.
2 TA( ) +2 FA( ) 2 TA( ) + 2IA( )

( , , FA( ) )
3 3
1. First Group
and for 0.9, 0.4, 0.5,CA(x) = 0.7, 0.633, 0.5. For the single valued neutrosophic numbers
( ) , () , () , if
( ) ( ) we have
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( )
and ( ) = (
,
, ( ) ) .
3 3
( ) () ,

( ) , () , () into the single valued neutrosophic 2. Second Group
number () , the center of the SKL triangle, where For the single valued neutrosophic numbers
() , () , () , if
( ) = (( ) , ( ) , () )
() ()
( ) = (2 ( ) , ( ) , ( ) )
and
( ) = (() , 2 ( ) , () ) .
() () ,

() , () , () into the single valued neutro-
sophic number (), the center of the SKL triangle,
where
() = (() , () , () )
() = ( () , 2 () , () )
() = (2 () , () , () ) .
We transformed the single valued neutrosophic number

( ) , () , () into the center of the SKL triangle,
namely ( ) . Here, as
( 2 () () )
( ) = ( ) +
3
2 ( ) + 2 ()
=
3
(2 () ( ) )
( ) = ( ) + Here, as
3
2 ( ) + 2 ( )
= ( 2 () () )
3
( ) = ( ) +
3
and 2 ( ) + 2 ()
=
3
( ) = ( ) ,
Here as
(2 () ( ) ) ( 2 () () )
( ) = ( ) + ( ) = ( ) +
3 3
2 () + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ()
= =
3 3
and (2 () ( ) )
( ) = ( ) +
3
( ) = ( ) , 2 () + 2 ( )
=
3
we have
and
( )
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( ) ( ) = ( ) ,
=( , , () ).
3 3
we have
3. Third Group
( )
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( )
=( , , () ).
For the single valued neutrosophic number 3 3
() , () , () , if TA() IA() FA() ,
4. Fourth Group
() , () , () into the single valued neutro- ( ) , () , () , if FA( ) IA( ) TA() ,
sophic number (), the center of the SKL triangle,
where as shown in the figure below, we transformed
() = (() , () , () ) numbers ( ) , the center of the SKL triangle, where
() = ( () , 2 () , () ) ( ) = (( ) , () , ( ) )
() = (2 () , () , () ) . ( ) = ( ( ) , 2 ( ) , ( ) )
() = (2 ( ) , () , ( ) ) .
Here, as
( 2 () () ) ( )
( ) = ( ) +
3 2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( )
2 ( ) + 2 () =( , , () ),
= 3 3
3
so,CA(x) = 0.633, 0.9, 0.5.
(2 () ( ) )
( ) = ( ) +
3 . 0.3, 0.2, 0.4single valued neutrosophic number is in
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) the first group.
= Using
3
( )
and 2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( )
=( , , () ),
3 3
( ) = ( ) ,
we have CA(x) = 0.666, 0.7, 0.4.
we have
Corollary 3.2.2 The corners of the triangles obtained using
the above method need not be single valued neutrosophic
( )
numbers but by definition, trivially their centers are.
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( )
=( , , () ).
3 3 Note 3.2.3As for the single valued neutrosophic number
1, 1, 1 there does not exist any transformable triangle in
the above four groups, we take its transformation equal to
itself.
Example3.2.1:Transform the single neutrosophic numbers
of Example 3.1.3 , Corollary 3.2.4 If FA( ) = TA( ) = IA( ) ,the transfor-
0.2, 0.5, 0.7 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 , mation gives the same center in all four groups. Also if
0.3, 0.2, 0.4according to their indeterminancy values. TA() = IA( ) FA( ) , then the center in the first group is
equal to the center in the third group, and if FA()
. 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 single valued neutrosophic number is in TA() = IA( ) , then the center in the second group is the
the third group. The center is given by the formula same as the one in the furth group. Similarly, ifFA( ) =
( ) IA( ) TA() , then the center in the first group is equal to
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( ) the one in the fourth and in the case that TA( ) FA( ) =
=( , , () ), IA( ) ,the center in the second group is equal to the center
3 3
in the third.
and so CA() = 0.766, 0.633, 0.7.
3.3 Transformation According to the Falsity Value
. 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 single valued neutrosophic number is in
the first group. In this section, we group the single valued neutrosophic
numbers after the examination of their indeterminancy val-
By ues s greatness or smallness against and values.
We will shift the () and ( ) values on the Z axis and
( ) ( ) and () values on the Y axis onto each other. We
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 () + 2 ( ) take the ( ) value on the M axis. The shifting on the Z
=( , , () ),
3 3 and Y planes are made such that we shift the smaller value
to the difference of the greater value and 2, as shown in the
we have CA(x) = 0.733, 0.633, 0.5.
below figures.
. 0.3, 0.2, 0.5single valued neutrosophic number be-
longs to the first group and the center is
1. First Group ( ) = ( ) ,
For the single valued neutrosophic numbers we get

( ) , ( ) , () , if
( )
( ) ( )
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ()
and =( , , ( ) ).
3 3
( ) ( ) ,
2. Second Group
then
as shown in the figure below, we transformed ( ) , ( ) , () , if
number () , the center of the SKL triangle, where ( ) ( )
( ) = (( ) , () , ( ) ) and
() = ( 2 ( ) , () , ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ,
( ) = (( ) , 2 ( ) , () ) . then

numbers ( ) , the center of the SKL triangle, where
( ) = (( ) , ( ) , () )
( ) = (( ) , 2 ( ) , () )
() = (2 () , () , ( ) ) .
Here, as
( 2 () () )
( ) = ( ) +
3
2 ( ) + 2 ()
=
3
(2 ( ) ( ) ) Here, as
( ) = () +
3
2 ( ) + 2 () ( 2 () () )
= ( ) = ( ) +
3 3
2 ( ) + 2 ()
=
and 3
Here, as
(2 ( ) () ) ( 2 () () )
( ) = ( ) + ( ) = ( ) +
3 3
2 ( ) + 2 () 2 ( ) + 2 ()
= =
3 3
and (2 ( ) ( ) )
( ) = () +
3
( ) = ( ) , 2 ( ) + 2 ()
=
3
we have
and
()
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 () ( ) = ( ) ,
=( , , ( ) ).
3 3
we have
3. Third Group
( )
For the single valued neutrosophic numbers 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ()
=( , , ( ) ).
( ) , () , () , if IA( ) FA( ) TA( ) then as 3 3
shown in the figure below, we transformed
( ) , () , () into the single valued neutrosophic 4. Fourth Group
( ) , () , () , if TA() FA() IA( ) , then as
( ) = (( ) , () , ( ) )
shown in the figure below, we transformed
( ) = (( ) , 2 ( ) , ( ) ) ( ) , () , () into the single valued neutrosophic
( ) = (2 ( ) , ( ) , () ) .
( ) = (( ) , () , () )
( ) = (( ) , 2 ( ) , () )
() = (2 ( ) , () , ( ) ).
Example 3.3.1: Transform the single neutrosophic

numbers of Example 3.1.3.
0.2, 0.5, 0.7 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 , FA() TA( ) , then the centers in the first and third
0.3, 0.2, 0.4according to their falsity values. groups are same and lastly, if TA( ) IA( ) = FA() , then
the center in the second group is equal to the one in the
. 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 single valued neutrosophic number be-
fourth group.
longs to the second group. So, the center is
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( )
() = ( , , ( ) ),
3 3 4. A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity
Value Between Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets
and we get CA() = 0.766, 0.7, 0.7.
In this section, we propose a new similarity measure
. 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 single valued neutrosophic number is in based on falsity value between single valued neutrosophic
the third group. Using the formula sets.
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) Definition 4.1 Let A and B two single valued neutrosoph-

() = ( , , ( ) ) ic sets in = {1 , 2 , , }.
3 3
Let = {, () , ( ) , () }
we see thatCA(x) = 0.766, 0.7, 0.5.
and
. 0.3, 0.2, 0.5single valued neutrosophic number is in
the second group. As = {, () , ( ) , ( ) }.
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) The similarity measure based on falsity value between the

() = ( , , ( ) ),
3 3 neutrosophic numbers ( ) and ( ) is given by
the center of the triangle is CA(x) = 0.633, 0.7, 0.5. |2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB() )|
(A( ) , B( ) ) = 1 (
9
. 0.3, 0.2, 0.4single valued neutrosophic number be-
longs to the second group. |2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (IA( ) IB() )|
+
9
2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( )
() = ( , , ( ) ), 3|(FA( ) FB( ) )|
3 3
+ ).
9
and so we have CA(x) = 0.666, 0.733, 0.4.
Here, we use the values
Corollary 3.3.2The corners of the triangles obtained using
the above method need not be single valued neutrosophic 2(FA() FB() ) (TA() TB() ),
numbers but by definition, trivially their centers are single
valued neutrosophic values. 2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) ),
Note 3.3.3 As for the single valued neutrosophic 2(FA() FB() ) + (FA( ) FB() )
ber1, 1, 1 there does not exist any transformable trian- = 3(FA( ) FB( ) ) .
gle in the above four groups, we take its transformation
equal to itself. Since we use the falsity values FA() in all these three val-
ues, we name this formula as similarity measure based on
Corollary 3.3.4 If FA() = TA( ) = IA() , the transfor-
falsity value between single valued neutrosophic num-
mation gives the same center in all four groups. Also, bers.
if TA() = FA() IA( ) , then the center in the first group
is equal to the one in the fourth group, and if IA( )
TA() = FA( ) , then the center in the second group is the
Property4.2 :0 (( ) , ( ) ) 1 .
same as the center in the third. Similarly, if IA( ) =
Proof: By the definition of Single valued neut- |2(FA() FB() ) (IA( ) IB( ) )|
rosophic numbers, as +
9
0 ( ) , () , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) 1, 3|(FA( ) FB() )|
+ )=0
9
we have
So,
0 2(( ) ( ) ) (() , ( ) ) 3
|(( ) ( ) )| = 0,
0 2(( ) ( ) ) (() , ( ) ) 3
|2(( ) ( ) ) (( ) ( ) )| = 0,
and
and
0 3(( ) , () ) 3 .
|2(( ) ( ) ) (( ) () )| = 0 .
So,
As |(FA( ) FB() )|=0 , then FA() = FB() .
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )|
0 1(
9
If FA( ) = FB( ) ,
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) )|
+ |2(FA() FB() ) (TA() TB() )| = 0
9
3|(FA( ) FB( ) )| and

+ ) 1.
9
TA()= TB() .
Therefore,0 (( ) , ( ) ) 1.
When FA() = FB() ,
Property 4.3:(( ) , ( ) ) = 1 () = ( )
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )| = 0
Proof.i) First we show () = () when
and
(( ) , ( ) ) = 1 .
IA()= IB( )
Let (( ) , ( ) ) = 1 .
Therefore, if (( ) , ( ) ) = 1 , then by Definition 2.3,
|2(FA( ) FB() ) (TA( ) TB( ) )|
(() , () ) = 1 ( A() = B() .
9
ii)Now we show if A() = B() , then(( ) , () ) = 1.
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) )| Let A( ) = B( ) . By Definition 2.3 ,
+
9
TA( )= TB( ) , IA( )= IB( ) , FA()= FB( )
3|(FA( ) FB( ) )|
+ )
9 and we have
=1 TA() TB() = 0, IA( ) IB( ) = 0, FA() FB() = 0
and thus, .
So,
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )|
(
9
Proof:
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )| i)
(() , () ) = 1 (
9 By the single valued neutrosophic set proper-
ty, if , then
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )| TA( ) TB( ) TC() ,
+
9
IA( ) IB( ) IC( ) ,
3|(FA( ) FB() )|
+ )
9 FA( ) FB() FC() .
So,
0
=1 = 1.
9 TA( ) TB( ) 0,
Property4.4 :(( ) , () ) = (( ) , () ) .
IA() IB( ) 0,
Proof:
FA() FB( ) 0 (1)
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )|
(() , () ) = 1 ( TA( ) TC( ) 0,
9
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )| IA( ) IC( ) 0,

+
9
FA() FC( ) 0 (2)
3|(FA( ) FB() )|
+ ) TA( ) TB() TA( ) TC( ) ,
9
IA( ) IB( ) IA() IC( ) ,
|2((FA() FB() )) ((TA( ) TB() ))|
=1(
9 FA( ) FB() FA( ) FC() (3)
|2((FA() FB( ) )) ((IA( ) IB() ))| Using (1), we have

+
9
2(FA() FB() ) (TA() TB( ) ) 0
3|(FA() FB( ) )|
+ )
9 2(FA( ) FB() ) (IA() IB( ) ) 0
|2(FB() FA() ) (TB( ) TA( ) )| and

=1(
9
3(TA( ) TB( ) ) 0 .
|2(FB() FA() ) (IB( ) IA( ) )|
+ Thus, we get
9
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB() )|
3|(FB( ) FA() )| (( ) , ( ) ) = 1 (
+ 9
9
= (() , ( ) ). |2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|

+
9
Property 4.5 : If ,
3|(FA( ) FB() )|
+ )
i) (( ) , () ) (( ) , () ) 9
ii) (( ) , () ) (( ) , () )
7(FA( ) FB( ) )(TA( ) TB( ) )(IA( )IB( ) )

=1 .(4)
9
Similarly, by (2), we have (( ) , () ) (( ) , () ) .
|2(FA( ) F( ) ) (TA( ) TC( ) )| ii. The proof of the latter part can be similarly done as the
(() , () ) = 1 (
9 first part.
Corollary 4.6 : Suppose we make similar definitions to
|2(FA() FC( ) ) (IA() IC( ) )| Definition 4.1, but this time based on truth values or inde-
+
9 terminancy values. If we define a truth based similarity
measure, or namely,
3|(FA() FC( ) )|
+ )
9 |2(TA( ) TB( ) ) (FA( ) FB() )|
(( ) , ( ) ) = 1 (
9
7(FA( ) FC( ) )(TA( )TC( ))(IA( ) IC( ))

=1 . (5)
9 |2(TA() TB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|
+
Using (4) and (5) together, we get 9
3|(TA( ) B( ) )|
(( ) , () ) (( ) , ( ) ) + ),
9
7(FA() FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) )
=1 or if we define a measure based on indeterminancy values
9
like
7(FA() FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) )
1 + |2(IA( ) IB( ) ) (TA( ) TB() )|
9 (( ) , ( ) ) = 1 (
9
7(FA() FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) )
=
9 9 9 |2(IA( ) IB() ) (FA( ) FB() )|
+
9
7(FA() FC( ) ) (TA( ) TC( ) ) (IA( ) IC( ) )
+
9 9 9 3|(IA( ) IB() )|
+ )
7(FA() FB( ) ) 7(FA( ) FC( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) ) 9
= +
9 9 9
these two definitions dont provide the conditions of Prop-
(TA() TC( ) ) (IA( ) IB( ) ) (IA( ) IC( ) ) erty 4.5 . For instance, for the truth value

9 9 9
|2(TA( ) TB( ) ) (FA( ) FB() )|
by (1) and (3), (( ) , ( ) ) = 1 (
9
7(FA( ) FB() ) 7(FA() FC( ) ) |2(TA() TB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|

+ 0, +
9 9 9
(TA( ) TB() ) (TA() TC() ) 3|(TA( ) B( ) )|
0, + ),
9 9 9
(IA( ) IB( ) ) (IA( ) IC( ) )
0 when we take the single valued neutrosophic numbers
9 9 A() = 0, 0.1, 0, B() = 1, 0.2, 0 andC() = 1, 0.3, 0,
and therefore we see (() , () ) = 0.233 and (() , () ) = 0.244 .
This contradicts with the results of Property 4.5.
(( ) , () ) (() , ( ) ) 0
Similarly, for the indeterminancy values,
and
|2(IA( ) IB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )| 1

(() , () ) = 1 (
Let be the weight of element , where = 1
2
9
2,
|2(IA( ) IB() ) (FA( ) FB() )| SNS (1 , ) = 0.711
+
9
and
3|(IA( ) IB() )|
+ )
9 SNS (1 , ) = 0.772 .
if we take the single valued neurosophic numbers A() = We can see that SNS ( 2 , )is the largest value amongthe
0.1, 0, 1, B() = 0.2, 1, 1and C() = 0.3, 1, 1, we have values of SNS (1 , ) and SNS ( 2 , ) .
(() , () ) = 0.233 and (() , () ) = 0.244.
Therefore, the unknown pattern represented by single val-
These results show that the definition 4.1 is only valid for ued neutrosophic set should be classified into the pat-
the measure based on falsity values. tern P2 .
Defintion 4.7 As 5. A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity

Measure Between Neutrosophic Sets Based on the
|2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )| Centroid Points of Transformed Single Valued
(() , () ) = 1 (
9 Neutrosophic Numbers
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )| In this section, we propose a new similarity measure
+
9 based on falsity value between single valued neutrosophic
sets based on the centroid points of transformed single val-
3|(FA() FB() )|
+ ), ued neutrosophic numbers.
9
Definition5.1:
The similarity measure based on the falsity value between
two single valued neutrosophic sets A and B is; |2(FA( ) FB( ) ) (TA( ) TB() )|
(( ) , ( ) ) = 1 (
9
SNS (, ) = =1 ( S (A() , B() )) .
|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|
+
Here,SNS (, ) [0,1]and s are the weights of the s 9
with the property =1 = 1 . Also,
3|(FA() FB() )|
+ ),
= {: ( ) , () , ( ) }, 9
= {: ( ) , () , ( ) }. Taking the similarity measure as defined in the fourth sec-

tion, and letting CA( ) andCB( ) be the centers of the trian-
Example4.8 Let us consider three patternsP1 , P2 , P3 repre- gles obtained by the transformation of A( ) and B() in the
serted by single valued neutrosophic sets P1 and P2 in = third section respectively,the similarity measure based on
{1 , 2 } respectively, where falsity value between single valued neutrosophic sets A
P1 = {x1 , 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, x2 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5} and P2 = and B based on the centroid points of transformed single
{x1 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, x2 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.4}. We want to classify valued neutrosophic numbers is
an unknown pattern represented by a single valued neutro-

sophic set in = {1 , 2 } into one of the patterns
SNSC (, ) = ( xS(CA(xi) , CB(xi) )),
P1 , P2 ;where = {x1 , 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3}. =1
where
= {: () , ( ) , () }, CP2 x2 = (0.733, 0.7, 0.4)

= {: ( ) , () , ( ) } .
x1 = x1 , 0.4, 0.4, 0.1 transformed based on falsity value
Here again, s are the weights of the s with the prop- in Section 3.1
erty =1 = 1 .
Cx1 = 0.6, 0.8, 0.1(second group)
Example5.2: Let us consider two patterns P1 and P2 repre-
sented by single valued neutrosophic sets P1 , P2 in x2 = x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3transformed based on truth falsity
= {1 , 2 }respectively in Example 4.8,where in Section 3.1
P1 = {x1 , 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, x2 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5} Cx2 = 0.666, 0.6, 0.3(second group)
and SNSC (P1 , ) = 0.67592
P2 = {x1 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, x2 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.4}. SNSC (P2 , ) = 0.80927
We want to classify an unknown pattern represented by Therefore, the unknown patternQ,represented by a single
single valued neutrosophic set in = {1 , 2 } into one valued neutrosophic set based on truth value is classified
of the patterns P1 , P2 , where into pattern P2 .
= {x1 , 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3}. Example5.3 : Let us consider two patterns P1 and P2 of
example 4.8, represented by single valued neutrosophic
We make the classification using the measure in Definition sets P1 , P2 , in = {1 , 2 } respectively, where
5.1, namely
P1 = {x1 , 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, x2 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5}
SNSC (, ) = =1 ( S(CA(xi) , CB(xi) )) .
and
Also we find the CA(xi) , CB(xi) centers according to the
P2 = {x1 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, x2 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.4}.
truth values.
1 We want to classify an unknown pattern represented by the
Let be the weight of element , = ; 1 2 . single valued neutrosophic set in = {1 , 2 } into one
2
of the patterns P1 , P2 ,where

P1 x1 = 0.2, 0.5, 0.7transformed based on falsity value
in Example 3.1.1 = {x1 , 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3}.
CP1x1 = (0.566, 0.633, 0.7) We make the classification using the measure in Definition
5.1, namely
P1 x2 = 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value
in Example 3.1.1 SNSC (, ) = =1 ( xS(CA(xi) , CB(xi) )).
CP1x2 = (0.7,0.633,0.5)
Also we find the CA(xi) , CB(xi) centers according to the in-
P2 x1 = 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value determinacy values.
in Example 3.1.1 1
Let be the weight of element , = ; 1 2 .
2
CP2x1 = (0.7, 0.7,0.5)
P2 x2 = 0.3, 0.2, 0.4 transformed based on falsity value in Example 3.2.1
in Example 3.1.1
CP1x1 = (0.766,0.633, 0.7)
P1 x2 = 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value SNSC (, ) = =1 ( xS(CA(xi) , CB(xi) )).
in Example 3.2.1
Also we find the CA(xi) , CB(xi) centers according to the fal-
CP1x2 = (0.766, 0.633, 0.5)
sity values.
P2 x1 = 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value 1
Let be the weight of element , = ; 1 2 .
in Example 3.2.1 2
CP2 x1 = (0.633, 0.9, 0.5) P1 x1 = 0.2, 0.5, 0.7transformed based on falsity value
in Example 3.3.1
in Example 3.2.1 CP1x1 = (0.766,0.7,0.7)
CP2 x2 = (0.666, 0.7, 0.4) P1 x2 = 0.9, 0.4, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value
in Example 3.3.1
CP1x2 = (0.766, 0.7,0.5)
in Section 3.2
Cx1 = 0.6, 0.8, 0.1(second group) P2 x1 = 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 transformed based on falsity value
in Example 3.3.1
x2 = x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3transformed based on truth falsity
CP2x1 = (0.633,0.7,0.5)
in Section 3.2
Cx2 = 0.7, 0.666, 0.3 (first group)
in Example 3.3.1
SNSC (P1 , ) = 0.67592
CP2x2 = (0.666, 0.733, 0.4)
SNSC (P2 , ) = 0.80927
Therefore, the unknown patternQ, represented by a single in Section 3.3
valued neutrosophic set based on indeterminacy value is
Cx1 = 0.6, 0.6, 0.1(first group)
classified into pattern P2 .
Example5.4: Let us consider in example 4.8, two patterns x2 = x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3transformed based on truthfalsity
P1 and P2 represented by single valued neutrosophic sets in Section 3.3
P1 , P2 in = {1 , 2 } respectively ,where
Cx2 = 0.7, 0.666, 0.3 (third group)
P1 = {x1 , 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, x2 , 0.9, 0.4, 0.5}
SNSC (P1 , ) = 0.7091
and
SNSC (P2 , ) = 0.8148
P2 = {x1 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, x2 , 0.3, 0.2, 0.4}.
Therefore, the unknown pattern Q, represented by a single
We want to classify an unknown pattern represented by valued neutrosophic set based on falsity value is classified
single valued neutrosophic set in = {1 , 2 } into one of into pattern P2 .
the patterns P1 , P2 , where
In Example 5.2, Example 5.3 and Example 5.4, all
= {x1 , 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, x2 , 0.6, 0.2, 0.3}. measures according to truth, indeterminancy and falsity
values give the same exact result.
We make the classification using the measure in Definition
5.1, namely
Conclusion
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Received: January 30, 2017. Accepted: February 15, 2017.

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol.

University of New Mexico

A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity Value

1 Introduction similarity between intuitionistic fuzzy sets based on trans-

3 The Transformation Techniques between Single

In this section, we propose transformation techniques

First we transform single valued neutrosophic numbers ac-

3.1 Transformation According to the Truth Value

In this section, we group the single valued neutrosophic Here, as

as shown in the figure below, we transformed

( ) = (() , () , ( ) ) into the single valued neutrosophic number ( ) , the cen-

K A() = (2 ( ) , () , ( ) ) . LA() = (TA() , 2 TA() , FA( ) )

K A() = (2 FA( ) , IA( ) , FA() ) .

Corollary 3.1.2The corners of the triangles obtained using

Note 3.1.3As for the single valued neutrosophic number1,

Corollary 3.1.4If FA( ) = TA() = IA( ) the transfor-

as shown in the figure below, we transformed

as shown in the figure below, we transformed

We transformed the single valued neutrosophic number

For the single valued neutrosophic numbers we get

as shown in the figure below, we transformed

Example 3.3.1: Transform the single neutrosophic

2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) Definition 4.1 Let A and B two single valued neutrosoph-

2 ( ) + 2 ( ) 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) The similarity measure based on falsity value between the

3|(FA( ) FB( ) )| and

|2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )| IA( ) IC( ) 0,

|2((FA() FB( ) )) ((IA( ) IB() ))| Using (1), we have

|2(FB() FA() ) (TB( ) TA( ) )| and

= (() , ( ) ). |2(FA() FB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|

Similarly, by (2), we have (( ) , () ) (( ) , () ) .

7(FA( ) FB() ) 7(FA() FC( ) ) |2(TA() TB( ) ) (IA() IB( ) )|

|2(IA( ) IB( ) ) (TA( ) TB( ) )| 1

Defintion 4.7 As 5. A New Similarity Measure Based on Falsity

= {: ( ) , () , ( ) }. Taking the similarity measure as defined in the fourth sec-

= {: () , ( ) , () }, CP2 x2 = (0.733, 0.7, 0.4)

and SNSC (P1 , ) = 0.67592

of the patterns P1 , P2 ,where

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