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Youarehere:InfoQHomepageArticlesAnatomyofaCloudMigrationProgram:Q&AwithTimBeerman
AnatomyofaCloudMigrationProgram:Q&A
withTimBeerman
PostedbyRichardSeroteronJul17,2015|Discuss
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Organizationsarerapidlyadoptingcloudtechnologies,butmigrationisstillprovingtobeachallenge.
Whatshouldyoulookoutfor?Whatapplicationsmakethemostsensetomigrate?Howshouldapplications
getrefactoredtobecloudfriendly?Whataresomelessonslearnedbythosemakingthemove?Inthisseries
ofarticles,you'llgetpracticaladvicefromthosewhohaveexperiencehelpingcompaniessuccessfullymove
tocloudenvironments.Thereisanareathatdeservessignificantattention,andwehopethatyou'll
participateintheconversation.
ThisInfoQarticleispartoftheseriesCloudMigration.Youcansubscribetoreceivenotificationsvia
RSS.
Manycloudprovidersofferservicestoonboardnewcustomersintothecloud.Whatadvicecantheygiveus
onhowtoprepareforamigration,andwhatpitfallstoavoid?Tolearnmore,InfoQreachedouttoTim
Beerman,aVPofStrategyandDevelopmentatCenturyLink.
InfoQ:Whatotherthingsbesidesmigrationarepartofcloud"onboarding"inyourexperience?
Tim:Onboardingisaverybroadtermthatcanmeanalotofdifferentthingstodifferent
audiences.Ingeneralasuccessfulplatformonboardingprogramwillaccomplishthreeprimary
goals,allculminatinginadelightfulcustomerexperiencethatextendsthroughoutthecustomer
relationship.Thesethreegoalsare1)generalplatformintroductionandexpectation/goal
setting(i.e.Whatdoesthecustomerwanttoaccomplishthroughonboarding?)2)account
configurationandhandsontrainingtoaccomplishthegoalsdefinedinstep1and3)a
thoroughclosuresessionwherethecustomerunderstandshowtoengagetheplatformsupport
modelandwhattoolsandKBsareavailabletothemforcontinuedlearningandupdates.Ilike
tousetheanalogythatagoodonboardingprogramshouldteachthecustomerhowtofishso
theylearnhowtobeselfsufficientusingtheselfservicecapabilitiesavailabletothem.Of
coursedifferentsizecustomersmayhavedifferentrequirementsbasedonscaleoftheir
operation,sotheonboardingprogramshouldbeabletoaccommodateasappropriatevs.aone
sizefitsallapproach.
InfoQ:Whichaspectsofmigrationcanbefasterthanexpected?Slower?
Tim:Obviouslytherearealotofvariablesthatcomeintoplayinamigrationanditislargely
dependentonthecomplexityoftheenvironment.Theoneaspectofmigrationsthatcanoften
beslowerthanexpectedistheupfrontplanning.Manypeoplebelievethattheycanjustpick
upanimageandstartthemigrationprocessandturneverythinguponthedestination
platform.Therearealotofthingstoconsiderasyoustarttheprocessincludingsuchthingsas
licensing,IPaddressing,performancedifferencesinhowtheexitingapplicationmayperform
inthedestination,etc.Carefulplanningandconsiderationoftheseelementsupfrontcansave
alotoftimeandeffortonthebackend.Onethingthatcanoftenbefasterthanmostpeople
expectistheactualbuildoutofthedestinationsite.Ifproperlyusingavailableautomationand
tools,thegeneralconfigurationgoesquitequicklydependingonthemigrationmethod
employed.
InfoQ:Areyouseeingthatorganizationsstartmigratingontheirownfirst,andthengethelp,or
startoutbeingguidedbyothers?
Tim:Manycustomersmigratingtoacloudaredoingsofortheselfserviceflexibilityoffered
bycloudplatforms.Asaresult,manychoosetomigrationontheirown,especiallyifgood
documentationandmigrationtoolssuchasimageimportarereadilyavailableandeasytouse
onthedestinationplatform.Thisgivesthemagreatopportunitytoreallyunderstandthe
platformwhichtheywillbeoperatingwithin.Thatbeingsaid,thisiswhereastrong
onboardingprogramreallyshinesasitprovidesanavenueforcustomerstolearnthe"insand
outs"oftheirnewplatformwithsomeprofessionalguidanceastheygetstarted.
InfoQ:Whattypesofappsdoyoudiscourageacompanyfrommigrating?
Tim:Applicationsthathaveatransactionalrelianceondatasources(i.e.Databases,
mainframes,etc.)thatarenotproximatetothecloudlocationmaynotbegoodcandidatesfor
migration.Also,someapplicationsthataredesignedforphysicalserverimplementationsvs.
virtualarenotgoodcandidatesforcloudmigrationasHAschemesmaynotworkproperly,
performancemaybeimpactedduetosuchthingsasstoragetypes(FCvs.iSCSIorNFS)or
licensingmaynotbecompatible.This,ofcourse,maynotbeanissueifyourcloudprovider
offersphysicalserversaspartoftheircloudplatform.(Shamelessplug:))
InfoQ:Doyoutypicallymoveanentiresystem(e.g.web,app,DBservers)tothecloud,orjusta
subset?Ifasubset,howdoyouavoidnegativeperformanceimpact?
Tim:Thislargelydependsontheoverallsizeandcomplexityoftheenvironmentandlatency
betweensourceanddestination.Wheneverpossibleitisbesttomovetheentirestackandif
latencybetweenlocationsisanissueitbecomesarequirement.Iflatencyisnotabigissueand
itbecomesnecessarytobreakitupthenitisbesttomovetheappandapplicationtierfirst(the
webtierisusuallyprettystraightforward)becauseifanyproblemsareencounteredthatarenot
aresultoftheseparationitiseasiertofailthattierbacktothesourcevs.resynchingthe
database.
InfoQ:Howdoesyourteamvalidatethatamigrationwassuccessful?
Tim:Validationisanimportantfinalstepinthemigrationprocess.Infact,throughoutthe
entiremigrationprocess,certainstepshavetheirownvalidationsuchaschecksumsondata
transfersforindividualcomponents.Usually,oncethenewenvironmentisbuiltout,both
environmentswillruninparallel(oneinproductionandtheotherfortesting)foragiven
periodoftimetoensuretheapplicationworksproperlyandperformsasexpectedbeforethe
finalcutover.Oncesatisfied,weworkwiththecustomeronafinaldatasynchronizationand
cutoveroftheproductionenvironmentwhilekeepingtheoriginalinplaceforfurthervalidation
period.Ofcourse,smallerorlesscomplexenvironmentsmaynotneedthisdiligenceand
cutoverandvalidationcanhappenveryquickly.Inallcases,werelyonthecustomertogive
thethumbsupthattheyarehappyintheirnewhomeandsupportthemasnecessarytomake
thatdetermination.
InfoQ:HowdoesmigrationtoaSaaSorPaaSplatformdifferfrommovingtoanIaaSenvironment?
Tim:SaaSandPaaSmigrationshavetheirownuniquechallenges,buttheprimarydifference
fromIaaSisthatallthehardwareisabstractedsoyouarelargelyjustdealingwithenvironment
configurationsanddatatransfer.IfacustomerismigratingaSaaSenvironmenttheyare
typicallygoingfromoneSaaSprovidertoanotherthatprovidesasimilarservice.Inthiscase
themostcomplexpieceismappingthedataelementsfromoneSaaSapplicationtoanotherto
facilitateaseamlessdatatransferwherepossible.SomeSaaSprovidersprovidetoolstomake
thiseasier,especiallyiftheyaretryingtocapturemarketfromoneoftheircompetitors.PaaS
canbemuchsimpler,especiallyifyouarestayingwithinthesamePaaSframeworkasyou
switchproviders(i.e.Ruby,LAMP,etc.).Inthiscaseitislargelyjustadatatransfer,although
youwanttocarefullyconsideranyperformanceorbillingdifferencesbasedonyournew
provider.
InfoQ:What'sthebiggestmisunderstandingthatyouhavetoaddresswhenfirsttalkingtoa
customeraboutdoingamigration?
Tim:Forthemostpart,customersgointoamigrationwitheyeswideopensinceiscanbe
anintrusiveprocesstotheirbusiness.Thebiggestchallengeisthatmanycustomersassume
thatcloudiscompletelyredundantandthatifacomponentfailsitwillseamlesslybepickedup
byanotherprocessorvirtualmachine.Customersoftenhavethisimpressionbasedonhow
theymayhavebuiltinternalcloudsusingcommonhypervisorsconfiguredforthoseneeds.
Whenyoumovetopubliccloudplatform,theyarebuiltforscaleandtomeettheneedsofthe
manyandassuchmayperformdifferentlyandhandlecomponentavailabilitydifferentlyso
expectationsettingiskeyasthemigrationprocessbegins.Itmanycaseswerecommendthat
customerslookattheirapplicationsaspartofthemigrationandseeifitcanbemodifiedtorun
totakeadvantagecloudflexibilitywithfeaturessuchasautoscale,geographicdiversity,etc.
Thisisnotatrivialtask,buteducatingcustomersonthepossibilitiesallowthemtomake
choicesduringmigrationorasfastfollowerenhancementstoensuretheircloudmigrationwill
bealongtermsuccess.
InfoQ:Whatexistingtoolsdomostcompanieswanttokeepusingwhenswitchingtheirappsfrom
onpremisestothecloud?
Tim:Commontoolsthatcustomerswanttokeeparethingsliketheirticketingsystemand
monitoringsystemsspecifictotheirapplicationstominimizeimpacttotheircurrentoperations
processes.ThisiswhereitisimportantforcustomerstounderstandtheAPIcapabilitiesof
theirnewcloudplatformastheycanoftenprogramelementsoftheirnewcloudtointeract
withtheirexistingsystems.
InfoQ:Whattechniquedoyouseemostcompaniesusewhenperformingacutover?Dotheyaccept
downtime,ortrytechniquestostayonlinethewholetime?
Tim:Aswithmanythingsthisislargelydependentonthecustomerapplicationandtheir
overallbusinessmodel.Mature,borninthecloudcompanies,veryoftenhavedeveloped
theirapplicationasadistributedarchitectureandcanoftenstandupnewcapacityonatarget
platformandperformamigrationwithverylittletonodowntime.Whilethisisanevolving
trenditisstilltheexceptionratherthantherule.Foreveryoneelse,itisoftencostprohibitive
toplanandexecuteazerodownmigrationiftheapplicationwasnotbuiltwiththatinmind
(thinkIPaddressing,geographicloadbalancing,datasynchronization,etc.).Thatbeingsaid,
withmanyofthetoolsavailabletodayitispossibletoplanandexecuteacutoverwellwithin
establishedmaintenancewindows.ToolssuchasRackware,Racemiandothersallow
customerstoestablisharelationshipbetweeneachvirtualmachinesinthetargetandsource
locationandhavetheentirevirtualmachine(applicationsanddata)replicatedtothemigration
destinationoveraperiodoftimewithoutimpactingproduction.Thereplicationrelationship
canevenbebrokentotesttheapplicationinthenewlocationandthenreestablishedtodoa
finalsynchbeforeproductioncutover.
InfoQ:Operationsdepartmentshavethe(undeserved?)reputationasbeingblockerstoadopting
cloud,butisthatyourexperience?Isthereonegroupthatismorelikelytoslowdownamigrationto
cloud?
Tim:Rightfullyso,operationsdepartmentsareusuallyveryprotectiveoftheapplication(s)
theyareresponsibleformaintainingandarewaryofchangesthatmayhaveanimpacttotheir
establishedprocesses,procedures,toolsandexpertise.Anotherfearthatoperations
departmentsmayhaveisthattheywilllosecontrolorpotentiallyexperiencejobreductionas
someoftheircurrentfunctionsarenolongernecessary.Assuch,Iwouldnotcharacterize
themasblockers,butasakeystakeholderinthemigrationplanningprocess.Itisimportant
thattheoperationsteamsfullyunderstandhowthenewcloudenvironmentcanimprovemany
oftheprocessestheyhavetodaybecauseoftheabilitytoplugintorobustAPIsforbetterreal
timedataontheirenvironmentandevendrivemoreautomationofmundanetasksthatwill
allowthemtofocusonbeingmoreproactiveinsupportingtheirbusiness.Thisis,also,agreat
opportunityforforwardthinkingoperationsteamstolearnnewskillsandforcompaniesto
evaluateabroaderdevopsapproachtosupportingtheirapplications,butthatcouldbeawhole
differentinterview.:)
InfoQ:What'sthemostcomplextechnicalchallengeyouencounterduringmigrations?
Tim:Therecanbelotsofcomplexitiesintheoverallmigrationprocess,butthemostcomplex
technicalchallengesarisewhenmigrationsarebetweendissimilararchitectures.When
migratingfromonecloudenvironmenttoanother,thingsarerelativelystraightforwardsince
theapplicationistypicallyoptimizedforthecloudalready.Youjustneedtoaccountfor
changesincloudimplementation.Therealchallengesresultforcustomersthataremovingtoa
cloudforthefirsttime,especiallyiftheirappisnotcurrentlyvirtualized.Thebiggest
considerationstypicallyincludethefollowing:
LicenseagreementsformanyCommercialOffTheShelfapplicationsmaybedifferentin
thecloudornotsupportedatall
IPaddressinginthecloudcanoftenbedifferentandhardcodedIPswithinthe
applicationcouldrequirecodemodifications
Oftentimesexistingapplicationplatformcomponentssuchasclusteringprotocolsare
notsupportedincloudenvironments
CurrentapplicationtoInfrastructuredependenciesmayneedtoundergoanarchitecture
transformationforclouddeployments
Someapplicationplatformcomponentsandunderlyingmiddlewareandoperating
systemscouldhavedirectbindingwiththecurrentserverhardwareplatformthatmay
needtobeaddressed
Performancebaselinesforacloudenvironmentareoftendifferentandcantypicallybe
improvedoverexistinginfrastructure,howeverapplicationsystemarchitectureneedsto
berevisedtotakeadvantage
Ifmovingfromanonpremisesdatacentertoacloud,userfunctionalityandexperience
impactsbynetworklatencysometimeneedstobeaddressedbyredesignofthe
applicationarchitecture
TransformationofproprietaryimplementationofexistingLoadBalancersandSecurity
Controlsmayneedtoberearchitectedforthenewcloudenvironment
Transformationofservices/systemsdeploymentlifecyclemanagementtoolsand
processessuchasmonitoring,backupandrecovery,automation(config,build,patchand
deploy),ITILetc.mayalsoneedtobeaddressed
InfoQ:Whatsortofthingsshouldanorganizationdotomakethemselves"migrationfriendly?
Tim:Perhapsthebiggestthinganorganizationcantotomakethemselvesmigrationfriendlyis
tobegintheprocesswellinformedandwithanopenmind.Thefirst,istobetruly
knowledgeableabouttheapplicationstheyaretargetingformigration.OftentimesIsee
organizationembarkonamigrationandtheydontfullyunderstandalltherelationshipstheir
applicationneedstooperateeffectively.Thiscanincludethingslikedatasources,other
applicationdependenciesthatarenottargetedformigrationandportsandprotocolsnecessary
toenablethiscommunication.Itisveryfrustratingforcustomerstostartamigrationandthen
findthatitwillnotworkasplannedbecauseofanunknowndependency.Organizationsshould
alsobewellinformedaboutthecapabilitiesandpotentiallimitationsoftheirchosencloud
platform.Thisisnotlimitedtojustthetechnicalcapabilities,butalsoincludesthingslike
SLAs,billingmodels,howyougetsupportandifpremiumsupportmodelsareavailableand
necessarytomeetoperationalexpectations.Finally,approachthemigrationwithanopen
mind.Movingtoacloudplatformopensupalotofnewpossibilitiesforhowacompany
approachesapplicationdesignandfuturedevelopmentandtodothisitoftenrequiresanew
wayofthinkingandoperating.Iforganizationsapproachamigrationfromaperspectivethat
EVERYTHINGHAStoworkjustlikeitdidbeforeoftenendsupbeingdisappointedorleft
wanting.
AbouttheInterviewee
TimBeermanisVicePresidentofProductStrategyandDevelopmentinCenturylink
focusingonplatformmigrationandonboardingstrategy.HavingjoinedCenturylinkin2008,
Timhasheldseniorleadershippositionsresponsibleforworldclassinfrastructureproducts
andapplicationsolutionsthatserveasthebackboneofthecompanysmanagedhosting
initiatives.MostrecentlyhedrovethestrategytoimplementCenturyLinksmanaged
servicessuiteofproductsontothecoreCenturylinkCloud,layingthefoundationforabroad
rangeoffuturemanagedservicesunderasingleunifiedplatform.Currently,Timisresponsiblefor
developingthestrategytoenablecustomersontheCenturylinkPlatformwithafocusonmigrationfrom
legacyproductsandservicesandbuildingadelightfulandfrictionlessonboardingservicefornew
customersthroughcorechannels.
Organizationsarerapidlyadoptingcloudtechnologies,butmigrationisstillprovingtobeachallenge.
Whatshouldyoulookoutfor?Whatapplicationsmakethemostsensetomigrate?Howshouldapplications
getrefactoredtobecloudfriendly?Whataresomelessonslearnedbythosemakingthemove?Inthisseries
ofarticles,you'llgetpracticaladvicefromthosewhohaveexperiencehelpingcompaniessuccessfullymove
tocloudenvironments.Thereisanareathatdeservessignificantattention,andwehopethatyou'll
participateintheconversation.
ThisInfoQarticleispartoftheseriesCloudMigration.Youcansubscribetoreceivenotificationsvia
RSS.
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