GB 5005794

1994 11 1

1994257

198930
GB50057
94 GBJ
5783

198930

( 277 100740)

1994 3

 1.0.1 ()

1.0.2

1.0.3

1.0.4

2.0.1

2.0.2

0 10

2.0.3

2 11

0.06 /a

 0.3 /a

2.0.4

0.012 /a 0.06 /a

0.06 /a 0.3 /a

0.06 /a

\
21 22 23

15d/a 15m
15d/a 20m

3.1.1

2.0.3

3.1.2

3.2.1

()
5m 6m4m

3.2.1 5m

()
( 3.2.1) 3m

1.

(3.2.1-1)

(3.2.1-2)

2.

(3.2.1-3)

--- (m)

--- (m)

---()()
 ---(m)

( 3.2.1)
3m

1.:

(3.2.1-4)

2.:

(3.2.1-5)

---()(m)

---()(m)
 ---(m )

3m

(3.2.1-6)

(3.2.1-7)

---(m)

---

10

3.2.2

1824m

1824m

100mm
30m 100mm

0.03
5

10

3.2.1

 3.2.3

15m

(3.2.3)

(m)

---(m)

10

100m
25m 20

3.2.4
5m5m 6m4m

12m

3.2.1

12m

10

 1. 500m

5m , 5m
.

(3.2.4-1)

---(m)

---(m )

(3.2.4-2)

---(m)

2. 500m 3000m

(3.2.4-3)

 (3.2.4-4)

30m

1. 30m 6m

2.30m

3.2.5
5m

3.3.1 ()

10m10m 12m8m

3.3.2

3.261

1 11 2

3.261

1.

2.

3.3.3
18m
18m

3.3.4 10

2m
 --(m)

-- 1
0.44( 3.3.4)

3.3.5

2.0.3

4%

10mm
10mm

0.5m

 ---(m )

3.3.5

3.3.6 3000m

: ,;

, 2 ;

3.2.4 1
3000m

3.3.5
A
80m

3.3.5 6m 6m

1.

2.

3. 0.5m

0.82m

3.3.7 260.3

3.2.2

3.3.8

(3.3.8-1)

(3.3.8-2)

---(m)

---()

---(m)

(3.3.8-3)

---(m)

---(m)


1/2

Yyno
Dyn11

3.3.9

2.0.3

260.3

1.
(3.2.3) 15m

10

2. 30d/a

(1) 23mm
5

(2)
10 20

2.0.3

1.
15m 1

2.

30

10 2.0.3

25m 10

3.3.10 45m

3.3.5

45m

3.3.11 4mm
30m
30 363.6
3.3.2

3.4.1 ()
()
20m20m 24m16m
20m

3.4.2 30 2.0.4
10
2m

3.4.3
3.3.5

0.5m

(m )

3.4.3
 : ,;

, 2 ;

3.4.4 3000m

3.3.6 364.3 0.37m

3.4.5 3.3.2

3.4.6

0.5m

3.4.3

40m 40m

3.4.7 25m 40m

25m
25m

3.4.8
3.3.8 (3.3.81)=..(3.3.83)

(3.4.8-1)


(3.4.8-2)

(3.4.8-3)

3.4.9

30

30

3.4610 60m 3.3.10

60m

3.5.1

30%

30%
30%

30%

3.5.2

50% 3.5.1

3.5.3 2

3.5.4

3.5.5
0.06
100m

3.5.6 ()

4.1.1

1m 12mm

20mm

12m 16mm

25mm

20mm

40mm
 4.1.2 8mm

48mm 4mm

, 12mm 100mm ,
4mm

4.1.3 35mm

4.1.4

100mm

0.5mm

4mm 5mm
7mm

0.5mm 1mm

4.1.5 3.3.2

4.1.1 4.1.2

2.5m
4mm

363.5 3.4.3

4.1.6

4.1.7

4.2.1 8mm

48mm 4mm

12mm
100mm,FML=25-31-1> 4mm

4.1.6
 3.3.5 3.4.3

4.2.2
10mm 80mm

4.2.3

4.2.4 0.3m 1.8m

0.3m

4.2.5 1.7m 0.3m

4.3.1

10mm 100mm
4mm 4mm 3.5mm

4.3.2 2.5m
5m

4.3.3 0.5m

4.3.4

4.4.5 3m 3m

 1m

5080mm

5080mm
2m

4.3.6

4.3.7

5.1.1

5.2.1 5.2.1

(
)()

1.

( 1.1)
 --- (/a)

--- 1

1.7

1.5

---[/(km .a)];

---(km )

2.

( 1.2)

---(d/a)

3.

(1) H 100m (
1.1)

( 1.3)

( 1.4)

--- (m)

---(m)
 1.1

(2) H 100m H

(3)

1. 1/10 ( 2.1(a)2.1(b))

2. 1/10 1/2 ( 2.1(c))

3. 1/2 ( 2.1(d))

4. 2.1(c) 2.1(d)

1.

( 3.1)

---

()

--- 3.1

---()

2.

( 3.2)

--- 3.2 (m)

---(m)

3.
 (1)
( A 1)

(2) l
A

4. 20m
A 1 20m

1.( 4.1)

(1) h

AB

AB

 xx'

( 4.1)

( 4.2)

---- xx'(m)

--- 5.2.1 (m)

---(m)

---(m)

(2) h
(1)

2. h
D D
( 4.2)

(1) AEBC

(2) CE b0

( 4.3)

AOB x

( 4.4)
 O'
AB

(3) AEBC ACO

C 4.2 1-1
BCOAEOBEO ACO

xx' AB
AEBC - EC
4.2

3. h1 h2 D
D
( 4.3)

1AEBC

2CE HO'
 ( 4.5)

( 4.6)

AOB AB

( 4.7)

--- CE HO'

HO' O'
AB

4 AEBC ACO AEO BCO BEO ACO

C
AEOBCOBEO ACO

(5) xx'
 4.

( 4.4)

(1)

(2)BE 4.4 1-1

BE O
O ,FML=5-19-7>,

( 4.8)

(3) 4.4 2-2 P O ( + )

BC AE
FH F (H )

( 4.9)

( 4.10)

(4) 4.4 3-3 (3)

(5) yy'
P
4.4
 5.
( 4.5)
120m 2m
120150m 3m

(1)

(2) AB
 (3) AB

(4)

( 4.11)

(5) xx'

( 4.12)

--- xx'(m)

---(m)

--- 5.2.1 (m)

---(m)

(6)

6.

(1) D
D ( 4.6)

 AB
O O AB

( 4.13)

( 4.6 1-1 )

E
x

( 4.14)

--- ( 4.3)

(2) D

( 4.7)

AB O CE
 O AB

CE AB

( 4.15)

( 4.16)

( 4.7 1-1 )

F X

( 4.16)

7.

( 4.8)

(1) AB O

(2) O AB AB


1.,:

2.,:

3.,:

......
......

GB 50057-94

 198930
GB 50057-94 1994 4 18
1994257

( 277 100740)

1994 4

1.0.1

100%

2.0.1

()

2.0.3

2.0.2

2.1

1 Q1 Q2 1

2.0.3

2.0.2

R (
) .

(N)
(P) t=1 NPt<1 ()

(2.1)

(2.2)

---

( Ei

---

1-Pi1-Ei

---

---
 N

(2.3)

1.

2.

3. (1-
).

2.2 (1- )

(1- )
(2.2)

(2.4)


(2.5)

2.12.42.5

R =10 ,?/P>

(2.6)

---

(2.7)

IEC-TC81 2.2

( 2.0.4 )
2.3
 2.2 0.8 2.3

(2.7):

N0.06
10 N>0.06 ()10 , N0.06

2.2 0.8 2.3

(2.7):

N0.3
10 N>0.3 ()10 , N>0.3

 2.0.4

=0 2.3,
(2.7),:

N0.012. N<0.012 N0.012

=0, ,
(2.7):

N0.06. N<0.06 N0.06

60m 13m()
2.4( 2.1)
(2.1)(1.1)K 1

3.1.1

220/380V

220/380V

()

1990 IEC1024-11990 ( IEC1024-1)
IEC
()

3.1.2 IEC1024-1

3.

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

a) ()

 b) 20m 20m
( 2.2.3 )

c) ( 3.2)

b) c)

3.1.3

3.1.5

3.1.2

TN PE PEN

3.3

3.2.1

Pa kPa
3.2.1

kPa=1.01325x10 Pa=1.01325x10 kPa

 (3.1)

(3.2)

---(kV)

--- (kV)

---()

---(kA/s)

---(kA)

---(H/m) 1.5H/m

---(kV/m) 500kV/m

---(kV/m)

IEC-TC81 3.1
3.2
 : 300225150As

IEC-TC81 :?/P>

3.1 T1=10s :

3.2 T1=0.25s :

3.1 (3.2):

,
 Sal0.4Ri+0.04hx

(3.3)

(3.2.1-1)

3.2 (3.2)

(3.4)

(3.2.1-2)

(3.3)(3.4) 0.4 +0.04 =0.1 +0.1 =5

5 (3.3)(3.4) 5 (3.4)
(3.3) =5

87 (1983
Lightning 2 R.H.Golde 1977 ) 200100kV/m
600kV/m 500kV/m 3.1
I=200kA
 (3.5)

(3.2.1-3)

20m 50150m 310

63%90%

(3.6)

---

---(kV)

---(kV)

---(Hm)

8mm 20m =1.69H/m

---(H/m)
 35mm 20m =1.93H/m

3.1 (3.6)

(3.7)

(3.2.1-4)

3.2 (3.6):

(3.8)

(3.2.1-5)

(3.7)(3.8):

 (3.7)(3.8) 2
(3.2.1-6)(3.2.1-7)

3.1

10
10

3.2.2

100mm 30m
() 100mm

300mm 3m
U(kV)

(3.9)
 ---(m) 30m

---(kA/s) 3.2

200kA/s

---lm 300

(H/m), M=0.0191H/m;

---(kV/m),

3.2.1 , 3000kV/m

(3.9)

300mm 0.038m
100mm( M )

0.03 5
3.3

 ()

10

3.2.3 .


()

(m)
(m)
4.3.4

15m 1.5
10m1.5 15m

3.2.4 3.2.1
()

IEC1024-1
101525m
6m 6m 121825m

12m

 IR ()

(
)

IEC1024-1 2.3.3.1 ( B )

3.2 2 B
() r
r 2( 3.2) r

() () = -r ()

() A r :r =A:

3.2 500m 5m 1
=5003000m
:

R r =500
3000m 3313

(m)A (m ):

30m( 5.2.1)
30m 1 6m
5m5m 6m4m
4m( 12m)

IEC1024-1 3.1.5 ( 3.1.2 )

IEC 6kV

20kA 1
20kV()
20kV 6kV

( )

3.2.5
2m
2m 5m

3.3.1 10m

10m IEC1024-1
10m10m 5.2.1 10m10m
12m8m 6m

3.3.2
 3.2.1
( 5.2.1)

3.3.3 3.2.4

18m

3.3.4 3.2.1 500kV/m

3.1 150kA

3.3.5

IEC1024-1 2.1.4
(
) 2.2.5
2.3.6
2.5
()

(
1980 ) 86SD566

100200m


3.3 () 520

150200 1980 200

(m)

(3.10)

---(%)

=6%

=7.5%

20% 5%
6%

4% 3.5%
 3.5% 3.3
4%

8000m 0.20.4 0.4

0.6

( 35m) 0.21.8/

0.284(
26m)

2000m
0.7

1963 7

1.()4.55.5

2.()35

3.()2

4.()7

5.()0.5

1984 4
3mm
6mm 3mm 4mm
33%

(
1%)( 5%10%)

(TGL3373/01/1981 2 )

1987

(
)

10mm

() 60 80
100

()
()
80100 80
40

IEC 364-5-54,:?/P>

(3.11)

---(mm )

---(J/.mm ),3.8x10
 --- 0()202

--- 20(mm)13810

---()40

---()80

(3.11)

(3.12)

3.1 3.3.4

=0.66

: =1

(3.12)S=51.1mm

8.06mmS=51.7mm 8.11mm

1 S=77.38mm
9.93mm

( =0.66)( =1) 60

S=70.9mm 9.5mm,

S=71.78mm 9.56mm

10m

30( 0.8m
30 30) 99
1.32x10

J/.m ( 3.3.6 )

()

81012mm 12mm

100m =20m
20m

60m 60m =0.44, 56%

28% 28% 14%
40m ( 20m 40m)
(0.44+0.14+0.14=0.72)72% 4.24 1.89 0.72

40m 60m 40m 1 40m

40m =1

3.4
 10mm

48kA
61kA

3.3.6

IEC1024-1 2.3.3.2 3.2.4

R :
 :

A 80m

1 2
3

1
()

30 99 5%
1

(3.13)

---(J/kg.K) 8.82x10

---(J/kg.K) 4.19x10

--- 1 (kg./m ) 2.1x10

--- 30 99T69

(3.13)

( 1m)( 1
)
 (3.14)

--- 3090 120m

MJ/m 1m
1.32MJ/

3.1 ( ) 5.6MJ/ 2.5MJ/

3.3.4 (c) =0.44

5.6(0.4) =1.084MJ/ 2.5x(0.44) =0.484MJ/

=1.32MJ/m

=0.82m =0.37m

3.4

 10 0.01m 2m 0.02m =10

10 0.2m

12 0.012m 3.2m 3.20.012=0.0384m

=16 12 160.0384=0.6144m

,, 0.2+0.6144=0.8144=2.56m ??/P>

3.3.7

3.3.8

(3.2.1-1)(3.2.1-2) 3.1 3.2

0.75 =0.75 =0.75,

0.75 (3.3.8-1)(3.3.8-2)

3.3.4 IEC1024-1 3 4 5
IEC
20m 18m 25m
IEC
25m IEC
 25m IEC

(3.3.8-3)(3.3.8-2)

IEC1024-1 3.1.2

1/2 IEC1024-1 9
(elz)1986 107 1

( 1/2)

3.2.4

3.3.9

1 3.2.3

1 15m 50m
50m
3.2.3

25m

3.3.10

()

 45m( 5.2.1)
45m

3.4.1 20m

3.4.3 3.3.5

3.4.4 3.3.6

3.4.6 60m 60m60m

60m
3.3.10

4.1.4
0.5mm
()

3.4.7 3.2.4 3.3.3

3.4.8 3.1 3.2

2/3 (3.3.8-1)(3.3.8-2)(3.3.8-3) 2/3

3.2.4 3.3.8

3.4.9

70%
19561963 74 71.6%
19561957 224 120

40kV
IEC 6kV

1990 5
1 2 3 30

50

3.4.10 60m( 5.2.1)

45m 60m 3.3.10

3.5.4 .

L=M,,
()

3.5.5

N 0.06 /a

=100m =100m 34kA

=100m

100m
 3.5.6

4.1.1

4.1

4.1.2

4.1.4 IEC1024-1

4mm

(
, 30V)
(As)(As)

:
 50100mm( 19637854mm )
(50%) 80As( 8As)
Fe0.045~0.179mmCu0.055~0.22mmAl0.122~0.489mm

3.1 225As 150As

Fe0.127~0.503mmCu0.155~0.619mmAl0.343~1.375mm
Fe0.084~0.336mmCu0.103~0.413mmAl0.229~0.917mm

4.1.6

4.1.7

4.2.1 4.1.2

4.2.2

4.2.5 1.8m
1.7m

4.3.1

()

4.3.2
5m 0.50.85

4.3.3

0.50.8m

(50mm)


3m

4.3.4

IEC 81(Secretariat)13/1984 1 (TC81 4 )

()

,

,

,:

50m
2000m 1000m 2000m ,
50m 39.4m 1000m 2000m , 1000m
:

50+27.9=77.9m 89m

5.2.1 5.2.1 IEC1024-1 2.1.2 1

IEC1024-1 2.1.2 1
a)b)c)

( IEC
B)

()

(-)

(5.1)

(5.2)

---()(m)

--- (kA)

-
?/P>
 (5.2)

5.2.1 ,:( =30m), =5.7kA;

( =45m), =10.5kA;( =60m), =16.1kA
,,,

()
3.3.10 3.4.10
()

()()

5.2.1

IEC-TC81

1. 100m 100m( 100m)

,
 :

P=50% I=32.5kA( 1.4)

H ( 100m
) 100m H=5m
H 6 H=10m =43.6m H 4.4 H=20m
=60m H 3 H=40m =80m H 2 H=80m
=98m H 1.2

2. 100m 100m
100m 100m

( 3.1) A 1
2
()

 20m

2 1 3.1

3.1

1. A=1( 1)1

2. 1 =500m =0.67( A=1.5) 13.5m

,:

1 A :

0.3 1 1.5 1 =1000m 2000m A

=1000m0.5 A2 13m =
=63m,:
 =2000m=0.33 A3 1 8m = =89:

4.3.4

100m =20m
20m

5.2.1

4.5 (a)( )(
)

4.5 (b)( )?/P>

1993 3