Predisposing Factor Precipitating Factor

AGE (6months old) ENVIRONMENT

LIFESTYLE

Passes to the pharynx, larynx & trachea

Microorganisms enters the affects both the lung parenchyma

Lung invasion

Lung Invasion
Infection lodges and stimulates in the parenchyma

Leukocytes increased

Narrowing of air passage

Mucus and phlegm

DIFFICULTY BREATHING
COUGHING
INEFFECTIVELY
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:

- Age -Environment (Having Relatives
- Weather with cough and colds)

Aspiration of Secretions
Containing Microbes
Failure of Defense Mechanisms

Invasion of the Lower Respiratory

Tract
Activation of B Cells

Release of Antibodies

Antigen-Antibody Reaction

Antigen Antibody Initiation of Complement

Complexes Adhere to the System
Mucosal Lining of the (Non-Specific and Specific
Lower Respiratory Tract Immune System)
Mucosal Irritation Vasodilation

Increased Mucus Increased Blood Flow

Production
Accumulation of Mucus Vasocongestion

Increased Plasma
Hydrostatic Pressure
Increased Capillary
Permeability
Product
ive
Escape of Escape of Transportatio
Cough
Plasma RBC, Serum n of
Phagocyting
 Edema Exudate Engulfing
of the
Narrowing Filling of the Antigen
of Airway Bronchi,
Replication
Bronchioles,
of the
and Alveoli
Antigen
within the
Consolidat
Cells
ion of
become
Lung
Infected
Inspirato Increased Asymmetr Use of Decreased
ry rales Respiratio ical Chest Accessory Lung Detection of
n Expansion Muscles Inflation the Infected
Cells by the T
Cells
Effector T
Cells Destroy
the Antigen

Regulator T
Cells
Strengthen
the Activity of
thje Effector
Effector and
Regulator
Cells
Synthesize
and Release

Release of
Pyrogens
Altered
Temperature
Regulating
Mechanism in
the
Effective
Fever
Breathing
Ineffective
Airway