CAPWAP Description Webinar

CAPWAP
Softwareforthe
DynamicPileLoadTestingEngineer
Static Load
Static Displacement
2014,PileDynamics,Inc.
FrankRausche 1 CAPWAP General Webinar
First Application:
1969 at Case Institute of
Technology, Cleveland,
OH
Further Developed,
Perfected and Maintained
by Pile Dynamics, Inc.
Latest Version:
CAPWAP 2014
2 CAPWAP General Webinar

CAPWAP
Outline
What are deep foundations
Why is CAPWAP needed
How do we solve it
CAPWAP theory
Correlation
Summary
CAPWAP 2014 demo
PurposeofDeepFoundations
Piles are long, slender
elements which have to
transfer loads from a structure
to competent soils at depth.
Piles are either driven, bored
or augered (CFA).
The piles or shafts have to be
able to support both axial and
lateral loads
Piles have to support loads
even during and after extreme
events; scour is such an
event.
Wehr, J., and Aschenbrenner, G., 2009.
Erfahrungen beim Bau von Windenergieanlagen,

PileMaterials:Concrete,Steel,
Timber and Even Plastic

PileTypes:SteelHpilesandpipepiles
Pipe steel strength, thickness and
even modulus are variable
Challenge? Plug effects
H-pile strength typically 350

Mpa (50 ksi)
Challenges? Splices, Plug

effects
Square, Round, Cylindrical Concrete Piles

Concrete properties highly variable
Challenges? Plug effects in cylinder

piles; cracking and thus lower wave
speed when in tension.

Bored and Augered Piles
Concrete properties are variable from
site to site and pile to pile.
Challenges? Wave speed variability,

and variable cross sectional
properties.
Projects
Bridges, Buildings, Waste Water Treatment Plants,
Wind Turbines

Projects
Harbor structures, Locks and Sluices,
Testing:Before1970
Blow Count+Energy Formula and/or Static Testing
Expensive
Time Consuming
Dangerous

StaticLoadTestResult:
LoadDisplacementCurve CommonFailureCriteria
Pile Top Displacement

Yield Load
Offset
Max Load Load
10% dia. (Extrapolated?)
Load on Top of Pile
Since 1970
Because Energy Formulas are Unreliable, Routine Dynamic
Measurements and Analyses have Become the Basis for
Dynamic Load Testing
Transducers
o Strain/Force
o Acceleration
Signal conditioning
Recording

Since 1972
Routine Dynamic Measurements and Analyses
Became Possible with the Pile Driving Analyzer
Transducers
o Strain
o Acceleration
Signal
conditioning
Processing
Recording
TestRequirements
Static load tests require Dynamic testing requires an
a dead load of 100% of impact mass that has the
the test load weight of 1 to 2% of the test
load.

WhyAnalysis?
BUT:
Wemeasureadynamic forceand weneedastatic load
dynamic velocity/displacement, displacementcurve
Force, Velocity
StaticLoadLoad
(kN)
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0
0.00
Static Displacement
5.00
10.00
Time 15.00
20.00
DevelopmentoftheCAPWAP
SignalMatchingAnalysis
1980s: down to 2
s/trial
1970s:
3 to 170 s/trial
analysis
Typically we do
hundreds of 2014: 0.01s/trial?
trial analyses!

The CAPWAP Pile Model
based on E-modulus, mass density, and wave speed c = E/
The pile is divided in Np uniform pile segments

of approximately L= 1 m length. The stress
wave travels through the segment in a time
t = L/c (e.g,. with c 5000 m/s, t 0.2 ms)
Each Segment has an
L Impedance Z = E A /c , a
mass m = Z t and a
stiffness k = Z / t
R The program tracks the effects of segment

non-uniformities and soil resistance forces and
computes the forces in the stress waves
traveling up and down the pile.
TheCAPWAPSoilModel
The soil is The soil resistance
modelled acting in the pile-soil
according to interface over a length
Smith: Lp Ls is represented by a
LS resistance force
Elasto-plastic
static
(displacement For each soil segment of
dependent) Length Ls:
Spring (static resistance),
resistance plus Parameters Ru , q
viscous Ru Ult. Resistance
dynamic q quake
(velocity Ru/q soil stiffness
dependent) Dashpot (dynamic resistance)
Parameter J
resistance

CAPWAP
Soil Model
Parameters
Rui, qi Ji
Shaft soil mass
ms
JSK
Toe gap
Toe Rigid Shaft Soil Support
Plug
Rt, qt Jt mass
Unloading parameters
mt Radiation damping
Mass/Inertia resistance
JBT Residual stress analysis
Rigid Toe Support
CAPWAP
automaticallyorinteractivelyfindsthatsetofsoil
parameterswhichbestmatchesthedynamic
measurementsofpiletopforceandvelocity
Measured Pile Top

Force
Measured Pile Shaft Resistance: Rshaft,
Top Velocity End Bearing: Rtoe
Mobilized Capacity: Ru = Rshaft+Rtoe
Soil Damping: Jshaft, Jtoe
Soil Stiffness: Rshaft/qshaft
Rtoe/qtoe
HowtoCAPWAPefficiently?
Becausetheimpactcausestravelingstresswaves:
UseWaveMechanics!
Shaft
Resistance
Force
Time of Impact
Time of Wave Travel Time of Wave
Velocity*Z
Return
For ease of calculation we use the force

in the upward traveling wave
Wave-up Represents the Essence of the Soil Resistance Effects
Shaft
Resistance, Force
Rs
Velocity*Z
Force in Upward Wave
Shaft
Resistance
Force in Downward wave

Signal Matching Example
A record from the Pile Driving Analyzer
Indication of total
resistance, Rtoe+Rsh
Rsh
Max displacement
19 mm
Suggests large quake!
Final set 1.25 mm
Rsh
First Trial Analysis (Lousy Match)

Input vm
Matching Fm
or
Input Fm
Matching vm
or
Input Fdown
=(Fm+vmZ)
Matching Fup
=(Fm-vmZ)
Wave-Up Matching
RU = 782 k
Rtoe = 68 k
Match Quality:
MQ = 21.03
RU = 782 k Note: MQ is a summation of differences between

Rtoe = 400 k computed and measured curves; it is an objective
MQ = 10.54 measure of match quality
RU = 782 k
Rtoe = 600 k
MQ = 5.74
RU = 782 k
Rtoe = 705 k
MQ = 3.94
Wave-Up Matching
RU/Rtoe = 782/705 k
JS/Jt = .45/.02 s/ft
MQ=3.94
RU/Rtoe = 782/705 k
JS/Jt = .30/.05 s/ft
MQ=3.74
R8 Prev.
RU/Rtoe = 782/702 k
increased
JS/Jt = .29/.05 s/ft
MQ=3.21

Wave-Up Matching
RU/Rtoe = 782/702 k
JS/JT = .29/.05 s/ft
MQ=3.21
RU/Rtoe = 765/686 k Reduced end bearing,

JS/JT = .28/.06 s/ft increased toe damping
qS/qT = .10/.12
MQ=3.02
RU/Rtoe = 765/686 k
JS/JT = .26/.07 s/ft
qS/qT = .06/.12
Unloading Parameters
MQ=2.81
Pretty good match; after thorough checking we quit
Matchingprocedure
(automaticfeatures)
1. Resistance distribution and total Ru (AF)
2. Damping parameter adjustments (AQ); go to 1.
3. Quake and unloading parameters (AQ); go to 1.
4. Total Ru vs. Damping (ARD); go to 1.
5. Vary Toe/Shaft resistance (AT); go to 1.
6. For piles with uncertain x-section properties adjust
Pile Impedance (use Automatic Impedance
Calculation, a 2014 feature); go to 1.

Matchinggoals
1. Make difference between computed and
measured curve as small as possible (makes MQ
smaller)
2. Achieve a reasonable agreement between
observed and calculated blow count
3. Achieve the best match with reasonable
parameters
Bytheway:
IfMQ>8orMQ8andNo.ofAnalyses100
If5<MQ8

Q
StaticAnalysis
(tz/qzanalysis) u1
CAPWAPsStaticPileand
SoilModel
top load, Q kp, i

top/toe displacement
toe resistance, Rtoe

Ru,i/qi
Ru,i
u1, utoe
utoe
Rtoe/qtoe
Rtoe
CAPWAPStatic
AnalysisOptions
Smoothing
User Capacity
Uplift Test
Extrapolation
Failure Criteria
2014 updated
o offset
o AASHTO offset
o fixed

StandardOutput(2014Version)
ComprehensiveCAPWAPReport
(2014Version) EX1; BENT 17-2; Pile: EX-1
D36-23; silt; 16"PSC; Blow: 1171
Beta Version - Pile Dynamics
5000 1200
Test: 04-Sep-1991 16:15:
CAPWAP(R) 2013
OP: xxx yyyy
kN F Msd kN Wup Msd

V*Z Msd Wup Cpt
2500 600
5 105 ms
BlowCountisfrom
0 0
15 L/c
-2500 -600
DirectInputinCAPWAP 0.0
0 750
Load (kN)
1500 2250 3000
Pile Type: Steel
Pile Size: 12 H Pile
Pile Installed: 03-Mar-2013 13:04
CAPWAP Capacity: 2677.1 (kN)
orfromPDAW
at Toe: 376.1 (kN)
Set at Yield: 16.897 (mm)
Displacement (mm)
7.0 Blow Count: 200 b/m

Length: 22.0 (m)
Length Bl. gage: 21.9 (m)
14.0 Penetration: 21.0 (m)
JobInformation
Inclination: 10 (degree)
Hammer: Delmag:D36-23
Rated E: 119.3 (kJ)
21.0 Transfered E: 30.9 (kJ)
Max C Stress Top: 26.2 (MPa)
providesforother
Max C Stress Pile: 26.7 (MPa)
28.0 Max Ten. Stress: -0.89 (MPa)
SPT N qu Soil CAPWAP Blow Count

bl/30cm kPa Description kPa b/m
informationinput
0.00
66 1000.0 160.0 221
Sand
5.00
Depth below Grade (m)
Sand
10.00
Clay
15.00
Sand
20.00
25.00
Analysis: 28-May-2013

AdditionalComprehensiveSummaryInput
ClickonJobandthenprovideHammer,PileandSoilInformation
EX2; CLARK; SOFT-ROCK; Pile: EX-2 Test: 02-Jun-1993

MKT DE 70B, HP 14 X 89; Blow: 627 CAPWAP 2003-1
GRL Engineers, Inc.
CAPWAP FINAL RESULTS
Summary Total CAPWAP Capacity: 764.6; along Shaft 79.5; at Toe 685.1 kips
Table Output ft ft kips kips kips kips/ft ksf s/ft in
764.6
1 6.7 4.2 2.0 762.6 2.0 0.30 0.06 0.255 0.060
2 13.5 11.0 1.0 761.6 3.0 0.15 0.03 0.255 0.060
Resistance 3
4
5
20.2
26.9
33.7
17.7
24.4
31.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
760.6
759.6
757.6
4.0
5.0
7.0
0.15
0.15
0.30
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.060
0.060
0.060
Distribution, Ri
6 40.4 37.9 3.0 754.6 10.0 0.45 0.10 0.255 0.060
7 47.1 44.6 4.0 750.6 14.0 0.59 0.13 0.255 0.060
8 53.8 51.3 18.6 732.0 32.6 2.76 0.59 0.255 0.060
9 60.6 58.1 1.0 731.0 33.6 0.15 0.03 0.255 0.060
(including unit 10
11
12
67.3
74.0
80.8
64.8
71.5
78.3
1.0
1.0
4.9
730.0
729.0
724.1
34.6
35.6
40.5
0.15
0.15
0.73
0.03
0.03
0.16
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.060
0.060
0.060
resistance)
13 87.5 85.0 39.1 685.1 79.5 5.80 1.24 0.255 0.060
Avg. Skin 6.1 0.94 0.19 0.255 0.060
Toe 685.1 503.31 0.066 0.120
Quake, qi, and Soil Model Parameters/Extensions Skin Toe
Soil Stiffness,
Case Damping Factor 0.437 0.971
Unloading Quake (% of loading quake) 99 100
Reloading Level (% of Ru) 100 100
Unloading Level (% of Ru) 78
Ri/qi, (indirectly)
CAPWAP match quality: 2.88 (Wave Up Match)
Soil Damping, Ji Observed: final set =

Observed: final set =
0.050 in; blow count =
0.009 in; blow count =
240 b/ft
1323 b/ft

Extrema Table Output
EX2; CLARK; SOFT-ROCK; Pile: EX-2 Test: 02-Jun-1993
MKT DE 70B, HP 14 X 89; Blow: 627 CAPWAP 2003-1
GRL Engineers, Inc.
EXTREMA TABLE
. lists the maxima of Pile

Sgmnt
Dist.
Below
max.
Force
min.
Force
max.
Comp.
max.
Tens.
max.
Trnsfd.
max.
Veloc.
max.
Displ.
Compression Forces, No. Gages Stress Stress Energy
Tension Forces
ft kips kips ksi ksi kip-ft ft/s in
1 3.4 586.4 -24.4 22.549 -0.937 23.53 11.7 0.738
Compression Stresses
2 6.7 588.7 -24.1 22.635 -0.927 23.40 11.6 0.725
4 13.5 585.7 -22.1 22.520 -0.849 22.79 11.5 0.699
6 20.2 587.3 -21.1 22.583 -0.810 22.30 11.4 0.670
Tension Stresses
8 26.9 590.1 -19.6 22.691 -0.753 21.73 11.2 0.637
10 33.7 594.8 -18.4 22.870 -0.706 21.02 11.0 0.600
11 37.0 592.6 -17.0 22.787 -0.653 20.42 10.9 0.579
Velocities 12
13
40.4
43.8
598.9
596.6
-17.2
-15.3
23.029
22.940
-0.661
-0.590
20.09
19.39
10.8
10.6
0.559
0.539
Displacements
14 47.1 607.0 -16.4 23.339 -0.629 19.05 10.4 0.518
15 50.5 602.3 -15.2 23.161 -0.585 18.21 10.2 0.496
16 53.8 608.4 -15.4 23.393 -0.592 17.79 10.0 0.473
for every pile segment

17 57.2 568.4 -7.2 21.857 -0.276 15.45 9.9 0.449
18 60.6 576.1 -17.7 22.152 -0.682 14.91 9.8 0.423
19 63.9 589.0 -27.0 22.650 -1.039 14.16 9.7 0.394
20 67.3 624.9 -35.8 24.028 -1.376 13.38 9.6 0.363
21 70.7 668.4 -42.0 25.701 -1.613 12.39 9.4 0.329
22 74.0 718.3 -48.2 27.622 -1.852 11.36 9.2 0.293
23 77.4 756.7 -54.5 29.095 -2.095 10.14 8.8 0.255
24 80.8 785.1 -61.7 30.188 -2.371 8.94 8.1 0.216
25 84.1 793.0 -61.2 30.492 -2.355 7.59 6.8 0.178
26 87.5 806.4 -63.8 31.007 -2.451 6.21 5.3 0.140
Absolute 87.5 31.007 (T = 27.2 ms)

87.5 -2.451 (T = 44.2 ms)
WhatswrongwithCAPWAP?
Academia: Nonuniquesolutions
Contractors: Slow
TestingFirms: Needanexperiencedengineer

iCAP
iCAP incorporates many of the
CAPWAP automatic analysis
features and, therefore, a quick,
automatic signal matching
iCAP allows for signal matching by

the PDA during pile driving
The results are independent of

user experience
For complex situations or where

MQ is high, CAPWAP reanalysis
is strongly recommended
iCAP Features
Non-unique?
Just one result!
Slow?
Instant simulated load-displacement curve!
Need Experience?
Done by PDA Operator!

iCAP Application
When?
DuringMonitoring
DuringRestrike
DuringReanalysis
WhenNot?
Whenpilepropertiesarenotwellknown
Problemdatawhichleadtopoormatches
How?
Justturniton
Note:
iCAP canberundirectlyfromCAPWAP2014fornon
uniformpiles

48
iCAP DisplayonPAX

CAPWAPComparisons
withStaticLoadTests HPile
2500
Rausche, Likins, Hussein,
2000
2008.
1500
H-pile 14x73 (356 x 109);
L o a d (k N )
Top
Toe
Penetration 45 m
1000 SLT Soil: Silts and clays with N<15 for
depths < 30 m, then clays and
500 silts with 40<N<100 to 45 m.
Hammer: D30-32
0 EOD: 8 mm set/blow
0 20 40 60 80 100
BOR: 5 mm set/blow
Displacement (mm)
EOR: 15 mm set/blow
CAPWAP 21-day Restrike (Blow 2): Ru=2060 kN; (Blow 25): Ru=1600 kN
Static Load Test (48 days): 2000 kN
Florida Drilled Shaft

Hussein et al., 1992
Diameter:
to 20 ft (6.1m) 28 (710mm)
6.1 m to 44 ft (13.4m) 24 (610mm)
Shaft
Soil: Shaft: Sand
Toe: Soft Limestone.
Hammer: 10 tons
Toe 2
Note:
13.4 m Toe 2 treatment much simplified in
Shaft CAPWAP 2014
Toe
Florida Drilled Shaft: Class A Prediction
3560 kN Required Rult:
1000 kips (4450 kN)
Static and dynamic
tests indicate a
capacity less than
760 kips (3380 kN),
depending on criterion
Offset Criterion yields
650 kips (2890 kN)
from static and
dynamic test.
TheCAPWAP2014ExtraToeTreatment
Easierto
input
Independent
OP,TG
variables.
CAPWAP 2014 54
Automatic CAPWAP GRL 1996 Date Base
Basic Model
Time of Testing
SLT Well After BOR

Mean: 0.94 (30)
COV: 0.29
SLT and BOR at

Comparable times:
Mean: 0.98 (41)
COV: 0.18
SLT Much Before than BOR

Mean: 0.97 (11)
COV: 0.20
Likins and Rausche, 1996

Interactive CAPWAP GRL 1996 Data Base

Radiation Damping Model
Time of Testing
SLT Well after BOR
Mean: 1.00 (30)
COV: (0.21)
SLT and BOR at

Comparable times:
Mean: 1.03 (41)
COV: 0.09
SLT Much Before BOR

Mean: 1.04 (11)
COV: 0.13

CombinedDataBasesofGRL1996
andfromStressWaveConferences
Mean: 0.98; COV: 0.17; N = 303

CAPWAPLimitations
1. Underprediction of Pile Capacity
1. Lack of Energy
2. Lack of Setup (early test)
3. Different Failure Mode (Large Open Ended Pipe Piles)
4. Not Considered Radiation Damping (Special Cases)
2. Overprediction of Pile Capacity
1. Relaxation (early test)
2. Highly plastic soils rate effects

CAPWAPLimitations
Dynamic Test
Static Test
Most Common Problem: Dynamic test may lack energy
IncompleteResistanceActivation
What to do?
Bigger hammer
Higher energy hammer

4.5tondieselhammervs.20tondrophammer
Mobilizing2780kN vs.5400kN
SummaryofLimitations
The most common reason for disagreement is
incomplete resistance activation.
Equally important is performing the static and
dynamic load test at comparable waiting time.
When testing in piles in soils with uncertain
properties it may be wise to perform a static
load test for confirmation.
Long term settlements cannot be predicted by
any dynamic testing method.

CAPWAPSummary
CAPWAP is a Signal Matching Procedure, which primarily
uses ultimate resistance values, damping factors and
quakes to match computed with measured pile top
quantities.
Results include
the total capacity, shaft resistance and end bearing,
the stiffness of the soil at the pile-soil interface,
the damping properties of the soil
Pile impedance variations (damage evaluation?).
Calculated soil stiffness plus the known pile stiffness yield
the static load-set curve, corresponding to a very quick load
test.
CAPWAPConclusions
The analysis and result interpretation requires both
training and experience. CAPWAP 2014 helps greatly in
this process.
For the responsible, professional engineer this tool
provides an insight into pile and soil behavior which
cannot be obtained by other means not even by static
testing.

Publications(seewww.pile.com)
Hussein, Townsend, Rausche and Likins, 1992. Dynamic
Testing of Drilled Shafts; TRB paper No. 1336; 65-69.
Likins, Rausche, Thendean, Svinkin, 1996. CAPWAP
Correlation Studies; Proc. Of the 5th Int. Conf. on the
Appl. of Stress Wave Theory to Piles, Orlando, FL; 447-
464.
Likins, G., and Rausche, F., 2004. Correlation of
CAPWAP with Static Load Tests; Proc. of the 7th Int.
Conf. on the Appl. Of Stress Wave Theory to Piles,
Goble and Rausche, Petaling Jaya; 153-165.
1970: Rausche, Likins and Hussein, 2008: Analysis of Post-
Pile Load Test by Installation Dynamic Load Test Data for Capacity
Impact Driving; Evaluation of Deep Foundations; ASCE; GSP 180; 312-
Highway Research 330.
Record No. 333;
123-129.
TheENDofPART1
NextCAPWAP2014Features
We already discussed:
1. Comprehensive CAPWAP Report Page
2. Improved Toe 2 and Toe 3 Input and
Capabilities
3. Additional output features

AdditionalCAPWAP2014Features
1 ForCastinSituandOtherConcretePiles:
Variationoftimeincrementand/orwavespeed
Calculationanddisplayofmodifiedpilemodels,
theirvolume,mechanicalpropertiesandwave
speed
Automaticpileimpedanceadjustment.
2 SavingandRecallingTrialAnalyses
3 DisplayofFV,FiVi,and3rd curve
4 Indicatorsofchangedsegmentproperties
5 Modifiedinterpolationoptionforsegmentinputs
6 .
HelpfortheAnalyst:
Displayofadditionalinformation
IndividualF,V
F,V
CAPWAP 2014 68 CAPWAP General Webinar

AdditionalFunctionKeys
F7 ResistanceDampingExchange(RD)
Ctrl+F9 AutoQuantitySearch(AQStd)
F9 AutoQuantitySearch(AQ)
F10 AutoRDSearch(RDA)
Ctrl+F11 AutoFrictionSearch(FR)
F12 Backtomaininput(MI)
Keepingatrialand
Displayofthirdcurve
Goto
Update/Trial
Summary
Selectthe
trialanalysis
forwhichyou
wantto
displaythe
matchasa
thirdcurve

ThirdCurve
IndicatorsofChangedSegmentProperties

AutomaticPileImpedanceAdjustment
Automaticwithfixedlimitsonallsegments
Singleiterationonselectedsegments
Automaticadjustmentonselectedsegmentswith
userspecifiedconditions
Considervolumemeasurements
Flexiblelimitsonnumberofiterationsandimpedance
magnitudes
AutomaticImpedanceAdjustmentOptions

AutomaticImpedanceAdjustment
When in Impedance Window, Right Click for Automatic
adjustment options. Highlight segments to be adjusted.
Exampleof
AvailableVolume
Information

AutoImpedanceAdjustment
AutoImpedanceAdjustment(Singleiterationonanysegment)
AutoZadjustonselectedsegs withoneiteration
AutoZadjustonselectedsegs withmoreoptions
SegmentPropertiesfromImpedance
Z=EA/c=A(E) (1)
Amod =Zmod (E) (2)
Note:AssumingthatEand remainunchanged
VolumeofSegmenti:Voli =Amod,i Li (3)
Alsonote:
Zi =[(AiEi/Li )(Aii Li)] =(ki mi) From(1)
ki =EiAi/Li =(EiAi/ci)(ci/Li)=Zi/ti
mi =Ai i Li =Ai(Ei/ci)(ci/Ei)(i Li)=Zi Li/ci =Zi/ti

ModifyingSegmentPropertiesBasedonZmod
GotoPM(Pile
Model)
SectionProperties
ClickCalculateArea

NoteVolume
information
AddedImpedance:
VolumeandMechanicalPropertiesInformation

VariableTime
IncrementOption CAPWAPusesaperfectly
linearpilemodel.
Tensioncrackscause
differentwavespeedsfor
tensionandcompression
anonlinearproblem.
Similarly,soilmasseffects
maycausedifferentwave
speedsatdifferenttimes
Ifeverythingelsefails:
Ifawavespeedchangeapparentlyduringthe
impacteventand
Iftensionandcompressionslackscannotbeused
and
Ifoverallwavespeedisnottherightthing(shifts
tooearly)and
IfPSand/orPLdonthelp,
Thentryavariabletimeincrement.
Note:c=L/t=(E/)0.5;thusE= (L2)/t2

UsingVariableTimeIncrements
DecideonNo.ofchanges,e.g.,2
Forupwardtensionproblemsset
TimetoT1+L/c +
Setatratiobytrialanderror,e.g.,
1.5.
Notethataratioof1.5makesthe
wavespeed2/3rd andwouldmakeE
44%lowerthantheoriginalE.
Note,changing thetimeincrement
fromT1+L/ctoT1+2L/cby
20%wouldhavethesameeffectat
2L/caschangingtheWC/WSratio
by10%(becauseWC overallwave
speedactsover2L/c).
UsingVariableTimeIncrements
Setthesecondchangetimeby
trialanderror
Setasecondtimeincrement
ratio(maybe1.0toreturnto
theinitialwavespeed);late
recordportionmayexhibit
frequenciesthatsuggestwhat
istobeused.
Ifadownwardtensionwave
causesaslowerwavespeed
youmaybeginthefirsttime
incrementchangeattime2L/c.

Summary CAPWAP2014
Newanalysisfeatures
Automaticimpedanceadjustment
Variabletimeincrement
IndependentExtraToevariables
Newdisplayfeatures
FV,
Fivi,
3rd curve,
Segmentpropertychangeindicators,
.
Summary
Thereareseveralhelpfuloutputfeatures
Reportsummarypagewithadditionalinputsand
outputs
Additionalnumericalresultsonmainoutputpage
Differentfailurecriteriainstaticplot
ModifiedandadditionalCaseMethodresults
.

TheEnd
HAPPYCAPWAPping!
QUESTIONS?
Pleaseemailquestions;theywillbe
answeredviaemail

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CAPWAP

2 CAPWAP General Webinar

3 CAPWAP General Webinar

5 CAPWAP General Webinar

6 CAPWAP General Webinar

Timber and Even Plastic

7 CAPWAP General Webinar

Challenge? Plug effects

H-pile strength typically 350

Challenges? Splices, Plug

8 CAPWAP General Webinar

Square, Round, Cylindrical Concrete Piles

Challenges? Plug effects in cylinder

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Challenges? Wave speed variability,

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Pile Top Displacement

10% dia. (Extrapolated?)

Load on Top of Pile

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The pile is divided in Np uniform pile segments

R The program tracks the effects of segment

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Measured Pile Top

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For ease of calculation we use the force

Force in Upward Wave

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Final set 1.25 mm

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First Trial Analysis (Lousy Match)

RU = 782 k Note: MQ is a summation of differences between

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RU/Rtoe = 765/686 k Reduced end bearing,

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top load, Q kp, i

toe resistance, Rtoe

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kN F Msd kN Wup Msd

7.0 Blow Count: 200 b/m

SPT N qu Soil CAPWAP Blow Count

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EX2; CLARK; SOFT-ROCK; Pile: EX-2 Test: 02-Jun-1993

CAPWAP FINAL RESULTS

Table Output ft ft kips kips kips kips/ft ksf s/ft in

Avg. Skin 6.1 0.94 0.19 0.255 0.060

Toe 685.1 503.31 0.066 0.120

Quake, qi, and Soil Model Parameters/Extensions Skin Toe

Soil Damping, Ji Observed: final set =

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. lists the maxima of Pile