Contents

I.CutaneousInnervationoftheFace............ 2 X.PNSHistology ............................................ 5

II.MusclesofFacialExpression......................2 XI.PNSMyelination........................................6
III.FacialArterialSupply..................................2 XII.TemporalFossa.........................................6
IV.LymphaticDrainageofFace.......................2 XIII.NervesofTemporalFossa.........................6
V.CervicalTriangles.......................................3 XIV.ArteriesofTemporalFossa.......................6
VI.MusclesofNeck,Face,andEye.................3 XV.TheTemporomandibularJoint..................7
VII.CNSCytology..............................................4 XVI.ForaminaandPassagesoftheSkull..........7
VIII.CNSMyelinationandItsComponents.......4 XVII.BonesoftheSkull......................................8
IX.CNSGrossHistology...................................5 XVIII.RadiologyoftheSkull................................9
XIX.CrossSectionalAnatomyoftheSkull.......9


QuestionBreakdown
Gross(20) Histology(5) Images (2) MSSQuestions(3)
Bones4 PNS2 Xray1 Nerve1(lowerextremity)
Arteries4 CNS3 Crosssection1 Muscles2(oneeachextremity)
Muscles6
Nerves4 Total:30
Veins2



Areyounervous?

nah,thatsjustnotfunny




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TableI CutaneousInnervationoftheFace Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Images Majornerve Division AreaInnervated
Supraorbitaln. Scalptovertexofskull
Ophthalmicdiv.of Supratrochlearn. Scalptovertexofskull
Trigeminaln.(V1) Ext.nasalbranchofnasociliaryn. Bridgeofnose
Lacrimaln. Lat&supregionoforbit
Lowereyelid,lat.nasal
Infraorbitaln.
Maxillarydiv.of area,upperlip
Trigeminaln.(V2) Zygomaticofacialn. Zygomaticarch
Zygomaticotemporaln. Anteriortemple
Mentaln.(cont.ofinf.alveolarn.) Lowerlip,chin
Mandibulardiv.of
Auriculotemporaln. Posteriortemple
Trigeminaln.(V3) Buccaln. Cheek
VentralramiofC23 Greatauricularn. Angleofmandible

TableII MusclesofFacialExpression Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Muscle Action BranchofFacialn. (CNVII) Image
Frontalisportionisadifferentialindicatorofdifferent
Occipitofrontalis Temporalbranch(frontalis)
typesofneuropathye.g.,Bellspalsy(CNVIIpalsy)vs.
(epicranius) Post.auricularbr.(occipitalis)
cerebralhemisphericstroke(vascularetiology)
Closeseyelid;weaknesscauseseyetodryexcessively
Orbicularisoculi Zygomaticbranch
andcancontributetoconjunctivitis
Createthenasolabialfold(crease)whichflattens in
Zygomaticusmm. Buccalbranch
facialparalyticstates,e.g.,Bellspalsyandstroke
Orbicularisoris pursesthelips Buccalbranch
Raisescornersofmouth;Ifweakorparalyzed
Levatorangulioris followingstoke,willcausedroolingofsalivafromthe Buccalbranch
cornerofthemouth
Mastication;notamuscleoffacialexpression,but
Buccinator classifiedassuchduetoembryologicaloriginand Buccalbranch
innervation
Marginalmandibularbranch
Platysma Tensesneck
Cervicalbranch
Upperperioralmm. Raiselips Buccalbranch
Lowerperioralmm. Lowerlips Marginalmandibularbranch

TableIII FacialArterialSupply Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Image Branch ContinuingBranch AreaSupplied
Ascendingpalatinea. Palatalarea
Tonsillara. Tonsils
Faciala. Submentala. Belowthechin
(4thbr.ofExt.Carotid) Sup.&inf.labialaa. Lips
Angulara. Betweenorbitandnose
Zygomaticofaciala. Sup&latorbitalregion
Inferioralveolara. Chinviamentala.
Maxillarya. Mentala. Chincontinuationofinf.alveolar
(7thbr.ofExt.Carotid) Buccala. Skinoverlateralcheek
Infraorbitala. Skinovermalarregion
Superficialtemporala. Superficialtemporala. Temple;anastomosisw/ophthalmica.
(TerminalbranchofExt.Carotid) TransverseFaciala. Masseterm.
Ophthalmica. Supraorbitala. Forehead,scalp

(branchofInt.Carotid) Supratrochleara. Forehead,scalp

TableIV LymphaticDrainageofFace Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Region DrainagePattern Image

Forehead/Temple ParotidnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes

Lowerlip(central) Submentalnodes SuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes

Nose/Upperlip SubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes

Lowerlip(lateral) SubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Buccal(facial)nodesSubmandibularnodesSuperficialcervicalnodesDeepcervical
Cheek
nodes
OccipitalnodesDeepcervicalnodes
Posteriorscalp
Retroauricular(mastoid)nodesDeepcervicalnodes

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TableV CervicalTriangles Lecture3Monday10/15,10AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Triangle Borders Images
Lowerborderofmandible,anteriorand
Submandibular
posteriorbelliesofdigastricusm.
Anterior

Omohyoidm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Carotid
posteriorbellyofdigastricusm.
Bilateralanteriorbelliesofdigastricusm.,
Submental
hyoidbone
Omohyoidm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Muscular
midlineplane
Trapeziusm.,sternocleidomastoidm.,
Occipital
Post.

inferiorbellyofomohyoidm.
Inferiorbellyofomohyoidm.,
Subclavian
sternocleidomastoidm.,clavicle

TableVI MusclesofNeck,Face,andEye VariousLectures

Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation BloodSupply
elevates1strib,rotatethe
AnteriorScalene tranverseprocessesofC3C6 1stRib ventralramiC56 ascendingcervicala.
necktooppositeside
elevates1strib,rotatethe
MiddleScalene C2C6 1stRib ventralramiC38 ascendingcervicala.
necktotheoppositeside
TransverseprocessesofC4 elevate2ndrib,tilttheneck ascendingcervicala.
PosteriorScalene 2ndRib ventralramiC6C8
C6 tothesameside superficialcervicala.
Omohyoidinferior depressesthelarynx
upperborderofscapula superiorbelly ansacervicalis
belly moveshyoidinf.,post,&lat
OmohyoidSuperior depressesthelarynx
inferiorbelly hyoidbone ansacervicalis
Neck

belly moveshyoidinf.,post,&lat
manubrium,med.clavicle;
Sternohyoid hyoidbone depresseshyoid ansacervicalis
post.sternoclavicularlig.
Sternothyroid manubrium thyroidcartilage depresseshyoid ansacervicalis
Thyrohyoid thyroidcartilage hyoidbone depresseshyoid C1spinaln.
ligamentumnuchae,spinous extend,rotate,andlaterally
Spleniuscapitus mastoidprocess ventralramiC34
processC7T6 flexthehead
externaloccipital latthirdofclavicle,
Trapezius retractionofscapula spinalaccessoryn.(CNXI) transversecervicala.
protuberance,nuchallig. acromion,spineofscapula
elevatesscapulaandtiltsits
posteriortuberclesof superiorpartofmedial cervicaln.(C3,C4)
Levatorscapulae glenoidcavityinferiorlyby dorsalscapulara.
transverseprocessesofC14 borderofscapula dorsalscapularn.(C5)

rotatingscapula
Frontalis galeaaponeurosis supracilliaryridge wrinklesbrow facialn.(CNVII) ophthalmica.
drawsangleofmouthupward
Zygomaticusmajor anteriorofzygomatic modiolusofmouth buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
andlaterally
Zygomaticusminor zygomaticbone skinofupperlip elevatesupperlip buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
Risorius parotidfascia modiolusofmouth drawbackangleofmouth buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
skinandmuscleofthe
Levatorlabiisuperioris medialinfraorbitalmargin elevatestheupperlip buccalbranchoffacialn. faciala.
upperlip(labiisuperioris)
marginalmandibular
Depressorangulioris tubercleofthemandible madiolusofmouth depressesangleofmouth faciala.
branchoffacialn.
coronoidprocessand elevation(closingmouth)) 3
Masseter zygomaticarchandmaxilla massetericn.(V ) masseterica.
ramusofmandible andretractionofmandible
Face

Orbicularisoris maxillaandmandible skinaroundthelips
alveolarprocessesofthe
Buccinator maxillaryboneandmandible,
pterygomandibularraphe
Deep:medsideoflat
pterygoidplate
Medialpterygoid
Supficial:pyramidalprocess
ofpalatineb.,maxillarytuby
greatwingofsphenoidand
Lateralpterygoid
pterygoidplate
floorofthetemporalfossa
Temporalis
andtemporalfascia
frontalbone;medial
Orbicularisoculi palpebralligament;lacrimal
bone
Eye
puckerthelips(kissing
buccalbranchoffacialn.
muscle)
compressescheeksagainst
fibersoftheorbicularis
teeth,e.g.blowing buccalbranchoffacialn. buccala.
oris
assistsmastication
elevatesmandible,closesjaw,
medialangleofthe nervetomedialpterygoid pterygoidbranchesof
helpslateralpterygoidsin 3
mandible (V ) maxillarya.
movingjawfromsidetoside
nervetolateralpterygoid pterygoidbranchesof
condyleofmandible depressesmandible 3
(V ) maxillarya.
coronoidprocess,ant. elevatesandretractsthe 3)
deeptemporalnn.(V
borderofmdibularramus mandible
ophthalmica.
zygomaticbranchoffacial
lateralpalpebralraphe closeseyelids azygomaticoorbitala.
n.
angulara.

annulusofZinnattheorbital 7mmtemporaltothe abductstheeyeball(makesit

Lateralrectus abducensn.
apex limbus moveoutward)
annulusofZinnattheorbital adductstheeyeball(makes inferiordivisionof
Medialrectus 5.5mmmedialtolimbus

apex eyeballmoveinwards) oculomotorn.

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TableVII CNSCytology Lecture7Tuesday10/16,10AM,Dr.Sheedlo
Component HistologyImages Description&Components Functions
Nucleus:higheuchromatin,prominentnucleolus(catseye)
Neuron HighlydevelopedroughER,Golgi
Nisslbodies:freeribosomes Trophiccenter
Perikaryon 10nmneurofilaments,24nmmicrotubules
(cellbody,soma) Lipofuscinlightbrownagepigment
Melaningranulesinsubstantanigra

Numerousextensionsfromperikaryon Receivesimpulsesfrom
Neuron
RoughER,freeribosomes,noGolgi synapse,transmitsto
Dendrites Microtubulespossiblyaidinmacromoleculetransport perikaryon

Mostneuronshaveonlyone
Axolemmaplasmamembrane
Axoplasmcytoplasm Conductsimpulsesfrom
NeuronAxon Axonhillockoriginofaxonfromperikaryon,noRER/ribosomes perikaryontosynapse
Initialsegmentbetweenhillockandfirstmyelincell,mostexcitable
Neurofilamentsandmicrotubulesarrangedinbundles(r.image)
Presynapticmembraneterminusofanaxon,givesoffvesicles
Synapticcleftoccupiedbyproteinsandmucopolysaccharides,limits
neurotransmitterdiffusion Spacebetweentransmitting
Synapse Postsynapticmembranedendrite,perikaryon,gland,ormuscle axonandreceivingcell
AChvesiclesround,clear
NEvesiclesdensestainingcore
Covernonsynaptic
Stellate,foundingreymatter neuronalsurfaces
Protoplasmic Clearercytoplasmthanfibrousastrocytes RepairofCNStissue,can
Astrocyte divide
IdentifiedbyGFAP,vimentin Maintainsionconcentration
Bloodbrainbarrier

RepairofCNStissue,can
Stellate,foundmostlyinwhitematter,someingreymatter
divide
Fibrous HigherlevelofGFAP(glialfibrillaryacidicprotein)
Maintenanceofion
Astrocyte
concentrations
IdentifiedbyGFAP,vimentin
Bloodbrainbarrier

Round,smallerthanastrocytes,densestainingnucleus
Mostabundantincorpuscallosumofbrain
Myelinationofneuronsin
Oligodendrocyte
CNS
Identifiedbymyelinbasicprotein(MBP,atmajordenseline(MDL)),
myelinassociatedglycoprotein(MAG)

Small,dense,elongate;shortextensions,thornyappearance
Foundinwhiteandgreymatter
Microglia Nucleus:highlycondensedchromatin,small,beanshaped
Phagocytosis
Arisefrombonemarrowstemcells

Linecavitiesofbrain,spinal
Cuboidalorsquamousinshape cord(centralcanal)
EpendymalCell BathedbyCSF;ciliaatapicalsurfacebeatinordertomovefluid Continuouswithchoroid
rd
Tanycytesmostprevalentatfloorof3 ventricle,longprocess plexus(Rimage)which
producesCSF

TableVIII CNSMyelinationandItsComponents Lecture7Tuesday10/16,10AM,Dr.Sheedlo

Internode Myelinatedportion,2002000m
Sites

+
NodeofRanvier Nonmyelinated,siteofactionpotentialconduction,manyNa /K+channels
Paranode 12nmoneithersideofnode,terminalloopsofmyelin
Step1Enclosure axonenclosedbyoligodendrocyteprocess,lipscometogethertoformmesaxon
Myelination

increasedmyelination,formationofmajordenseline(MDL)byinnerlayerof
Step2Compaction
oligodendrocyteplasmamembrane
Step3Transport noncompactedareasallowfortransportofcomponentsfromoligodendrocyte tomyelin
Step4IPLFormation outerlayersofOligodendrocyteplasmamembraneformintraperiodline(IPL)
PLP Proteolipidprotein,makesup50%ofmyelinprotein,foundatIPL
Protein

MBP Myelinbasicprotein,makesup3035%ofmyelinprotein,foundat MDL

MAG Myelinassociatedglycoprotein,<1%ofmyelinprotein,functionunknown
2,3CNPase 2,3cyclicnucleotide3phosphodiesterase,notconfinedtoNS,functionunknown
Multiplesclerosisautoimmunediseaseinwhichmacrophagesstripmyelinfromneuronsviaafasligand/receptor,resultsinastrocytichyperplasia(+GFAPtest).

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TableIX CNSGrossHistology Lecture7Tuesday10/16,10AM,Dr.Sheedlo
Area Images Component Subunit Functions
Motoraxonsformventralroots
GreyMatter(perikarya, Anteriorhorns
ofspinalnerves
unmyelinatedaxons,
Receivesensoryfibersfrom
protoplasmicastrocytes) Posteriorhorns
spinalgangliaindorsalroots
SpinalCord WhiteMatter (myelinated

axons,fibrousastrocytes)
Remnantoflumenofembryonic
CentralCanal Ependymallining
neuraltube
Molecularlayer
GreyMatter(cortex) Purkinjecells Receiveimpulses,myelinated
Granularlayer
Cerebellum
WhiteMatter Modulatesandorganizesmotor

(centralcore) impulsetocoordinatemovement
GreyMatter (outer)
Molecularlayer Processes,someneurons
Ext.granularlayer Granuleneurons,glia
Ext.pyramidallayer Pyramidal&granuleneurons,glia
Cerebrum Cortex Int.granularlayer Granuleneurons,someglia
Int.pyramidallayer Pyramidalneurons,someglia

Multiformlayer Glia,neuronsofvariousshapes

Whitematter(core)

TableX PNSHistology Lecture8Tuesday10/16,11AM,Dr.Sheedlo

Structure Images Component Function
Surroundsentirenervecollagen,fibroblasts,bloodvessels
Epineurium
Providesstructuralsupportandelasticity
Peripheral Perineurium
Surroundsnervebundleflattenedepitheliallikecells
Nerves Tightjunctionsprotectnervefromtoxicmacromolecules
Surroundsindividualnervefiber
Endoneurium
Containsreticularcells
Surroundonepointonmyelinatedaxonsorsurroundsseveralnon
SchwannCell
myelinatedaxons

Myelin NodeofRanvier(L) BetweenconsecutiveSchwanncells,sameasCNS

SchmidtLantermanclefts(R) AreasofSchwannCellcytoplasminnoncompactedareasofmyelin

Satellitecells Surroundsindividualneurons,functionsasglia,basallamina
Sensory Cranial Locatedinpathofcranialnn.
Sensory Spinal(dorsalroot) Pseudounipolar neurons,nosynapses,cellbodiesatperiphery
Ganglia Autonomicganglia Stellatemultipolarneurons,synapses,scatteredcellbodies
SubmucosalplexusofMeissner Intramuralganglion,surroundedbystromainsteadofsatellitecells
MyentericplexusofAuerbach Intramuralganglion,surroundedbystromainsteadofsatellitecells

Smallfibers,mayormaynotbemyelinated
Non Freenerveendings
Terminationsarenotmyelinated;painandtouchsensations
encapsulated
Enmeshedinterminalbranchofunderlyingaxonsinepidermis
receptors Merkelsdisc
Tactilecellsensitivetotouch
Foundjustbelowtheepidermisinthedermalpapillae
Meissnerscorpuscle(L)
Stackofflattenedcellsenclosedbyacapsule,sensitivetotouch
Encapsulated Widelydistributedthroughoutthebody
receptors Respondtopressure,tensionandpossiblyvibrations
Paciniancorpuscle(R)
Axonpassesthroughcenterof2070concentriclamellaeof
fibroblasts,thincollagenfibers
35fibersperspindle,monitorstretch
Intrafusalfibers Nuclearchainfiberssmalldiameter
Muscle Nuclearbagfiberslargediameter
Spindle Maintainposture,regulateactivityofmusclegroups
Extrafusalfibers Annulospiralendingsthickaxonanddenseterminalenlargements
Flowersprayendingsslenderbranchendingsonbag&chainfibers

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TableXI PNSMyelination Lecture8Tuesday10/16,11AM,Dr.Sheedlo
SteporComponent Description Images
Schwanncellsenclosemanyaxonsinatroughindentingitssurface. Schwanncellsurroundingaxon Myelinated&unmyelinatedfibers
Enclosure Followingrepeatedmitoticevents,aSchwanncellultimatelybecomes
segregatedtoasingleaxon
ThelipsoftheSchwanncellenvelopingprocessextendsaroundtheaxonin
IPLFormation
aspiralfashionformingtheintraperiodline
Cytoplasmbeginstobelostfromthespirallingprocessandthemajordense
Compaction
lineresults
numberofturnsofthespirallingprocessincreasesandthelamellaeofthe
Maturation
sheathbecomemorecompact
PoProtein 5060%ofmyelin;transmembraneprotein foundin bothMDL&IPL
MyelinBasicProteins ~20%ofmyelin;notessentialforformationoftheMDLinPNSmyelin,
(P1,P2,Pr) principallybecauseofthepresenceofthetransmembranePoprotein

TableXII TemporalFossa Lecture10Wednesday10/17,1PM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Component/border Description Image
Superiorborder Superiortemporallineoftheskull
Frontalprocessofzygomaticbone
Anteriorborder
Zygomaticprocessoffrontalbone
Inferolateralborder Zygomaticarchofskull
Bones Frontal,Sphenoid,Temporal,Parietal
Fromthesuperiortemporallineoftheskullcontinuinginferiorly
toenvelopetheexternalsurfaceofthetemporalismuscle.It
TemporalFascia
terminatesbyattachingtothezygomaticarch
Mayhelptocontaininfectionbyconfiningtothetemporalfossa
Anteriorlymphdrainage parotidnodessuperficialcervicalnodesdeepcervicalnodes

mastoid(retroauricular)nodessuperficialcervicalnodes
Posteriorlymphdrainage
deepcervicalnodes

TableXIII NervesofTemporalFossa Lecture10Wednesday10/17,1PM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Temporalbranch
Motor
3
Deeptemporalnn.(V )
Auriculotemporaln.
Zygomaticotemporaln.
Sensory
Greateroccipitaln dorsalramusC2
Frontnalisportionoftheoccipitofrontalis
CNVII(Facialn.)
(epicranius)m.andauricularmm.
3
CNV (Mandibulardivof
Temporalism.
trigeminaln.)
3
CNV (Mandibulardivof Auricle,skinsurroundingear
trigeminaln.) FrequentlyinjuredinTMJsurgery
2
CNV (Maxillarydivofthe
Anteriorportionoftemporalfossa
trigeminaln.)
Posteriorportionoftemporalfossa

Lesseroccipitaln. ventralramus,C23 Inferoposteriorportionoftemporalfossa

TableXIV ArteriesoftheTemporalFossa Lecture10Wednesday10/17,1PM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Vessel Origin AreaSupplied Image

Superficialtemporala. Ext.carotida.(term.branch) Scalp

Deeptemporalaa. Maxillarya. Temporalism.

Supraorbitala. Internalcarotid/ophthalmica. Anastamosiswithsuperficialtemporal

th
Posteriorauriculara. Ext.carotida.(6 branch) Anastomosiswithsuperficialtemporal

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TableXV TheTemporomandibularJoint(TMJ) Lecture10Wednesday10/17,1PM,Dr.Aschenbrenner
Type CompundSynovialEllipsoid(articulardisc)
Actions Pivot,flexion/extension,sliding/gliding
Articulation condyleofthemandible,mandibularfossa,andarticulartubercleof
thetemporalbone
Ligamentation Articular(fibrous)capsule
Articulardisc
Lateralligament
Sphenomandibularligament
Stylomandibularligament
Musclesand Temporalism.Elevatesandretractsthemandible,closes
Actions Lateralpterygoidm.Protrudesanddepressesthemandible,opens
Medialpterygoidm.Elevatesandprotrudesthemandible,closes
Masseterm.Elevates,protrudesandretractsthemandible,closes
3
Innervations Primarilyauriculotemporaln.andmassetericn.(bothV )
BloodSupply Superficialtemporala.,branchesfrommaxillarya.

TableXVI ForaminaandPassagesofSkull Lecture11Thursday10/18,8AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Images Foramen/Opening Bone(s) Contents
Orbits Several Eyeballs,extraocularmm.
Temporalsinuses Temporal Earossicles,neuroreceptororgans
Nasal,
Nasalcavity Conchae,olfactoryepithelium
Ethmoid
Paranasalsinuses Frontal,sphenoid,ethmoid,maxillary
Oralcavity Hardandsoftpalate,teeth,tongue
Supraorbitalnotch(foramen) Frontal Supraorbitaln/a/v
Infraorbitalforamen Maxilla Infraorbitaln/a/v
Mentalforamen Mandible Mentaln/a/v
Inferiorophthalmicvv.
Palatine,
Inferiororbitalfissure Infraorbitaln/a/v
Maxilla
Zygomaticn.
Incisiveforamen(fossa,canal) Maxilla Nasopalatinen.
Greater& lesserpalatineforamina Palatine Greater&lesserpalatinenn.
Cribriformplateofethmoidbone Ethmoid Olfactoryn.(CNI)
OpticCanal Sphenoid Opticn.(CNII),ophthalmica.
Oculomotorn.(CNIII)
Trochlearn.(CNIV)
Superiororbitalfissure Sphenoid 1
Ophthalmicn.(CNV )
Abducensn.(CNVI)
2
Foramenrotundum Sphenoid Maxillaryn.(CNV )
3
Foramen ovale Sphenoid Mandibularn.(CNV )
Middlemeningeala/v,meningealbranchof
Foramenspinosum Sphenoid
mandibularn.
Spehnoid,
Internalcarotida.
Carotidcanal(Foramenlacerum) Temporal,
Internalcarotidn.plexus
Occipital
Facialn.(CNVII)
Internalacousticmeatus Temporal
Vestibulocochlearn.(CNVIII)
Stylomastoidforamen Temporal Facialn.(VII)
Glossopharyngealn.(CNIX)
Temporal,
Jugularforamen Vagusn.(CNX)
Occipital
Spinalaccessoryn.(CNXI),
HypoglossalCanal Occipital Hypoglossaln.(CNXII)
Medullaoblongata,meninges,vertebralaa.,
Foramenmagnum Occipital
spinalrootsofaccessorynn.

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TableXVII BonesoftheSkull Lecture11Thursday10/18,8AM,Dr.Aschenbrenner

Bone(*=paired) Images SignificantStructures

Squamma,supraorbitalmarginandforamen,glabella,frontal
Frontal sinuses

Temporalprocess(zygomaticarch),Frontalprocess,Maxillary
Zygomatic* process,Zygomaticofacialforamen

Parietal* Parietaleminence,parietalforamen

Cristagalli,Cribriformplate,Perpendicularplate,Orbitalplate,
Ethmoid SuperiorandMiddlenasalconchae

Lacrimal* Lacrimalfossa

Maxilla (above:lacrimalb.ontopofmaxilla) Anteriornasalspine,maxillarytuberosity,infraorbitalforamen

Greaterandlesserwings,Sellaturcica,Pterygoidprocess,Optic
Sphenoid foramen(canal),Superiororbitalfissure,Foramenrotundum,
Foramenovale,Foramenspinosum

Zygomaticprocess(zygomaticarch,Mastoidprocess,External
acousticmeatus,Internalacousticmeatus,Styloidprocess,
Temporal* Stylomastoidforamen,Mandibularfossa,Carotidcanal,Jugular
foramen

Foramenmagnum,hypoglossalcanal,occipitalcondyles,ext.
Occipital occipitalprotuberance,superiorandinferiornuchallines

Condyle,Coronoidprocess,Mentalprocess(protuberance),Mental
Mandible foramen,Mandibularforamen,Lingula

Vomer&Inf.Nasal Inbetweenethmoidandmaxilla
oncha

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TableXVIII RadiologyoftheSkull Dissector3.4
OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,AnteriorAspect OccipitofrontalProjection,PosteriorAspect

SuperiorProjection LateralProjection InferiorProjection InferiorProjection

TableXIX CrossSectionalAnatomyoftheCranium Dissector3.4;RsideofimageisLsideofskull