PCR Ind 28033

PCR:IND 28033
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT
ON THE
LPG PIPELINE PROJECT

(Loan 1591-IND)
IN
INDIA
September 2003
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
Currency Unit Indian rupee/s (Re/Rs)
At Appraisal At Project Completion

(22 September 1997) (1 March 2001)
Re1.00 = $0.028 $0.022
$1.00 = Rs36.14 Rs45.61
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB Asian Development Bank

APPS application software
EIL Engineers India Limited
EIRR economic internal rate of return
FIRR financial internal rate of return
GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited
HAZOP hazardous operation
HDD horizontal directional drilling
IDC interest during construction
LA Loan Agreement
LNG liquefied natural gas
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
RPL Reliance Petroleum Limited
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
bm3 (billion cubic meter) 1,000,000,000 m3

bars (pressure unit) 1.019 kg/cm2
cm (centimeter) 10 millimeters
hp (horsepower) 746 watts
kg (kilogram) 1,000 grams
km (kilometer) 1,000 meters
MMCM (million metric cubic meters) unit of gas volume
MMTPA (million metric tons per annum) unit of mass of LPG
MMSCMD (million standard cubic meters per day) unit of gas volume per day
t (ton [metric]) 1,000 kilograms
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and Gas Authority of India Limited ends on 31
March. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends. For
example, FY2003 begins on 1 April 2002 and ends on 31 March 2003.
(ii) In this report, $ refers to US dollars.

CONTENTS
Page
BASIC DATA iii
MAP vii
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1
II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 2

A. Relevance of Design and Formulation 2
B. Project Outputs 3
C. Project Costs 4
D. Disbursements 4
E. Project Schedule 5
F. Implementation Arrangements 6
G. Conditions and Covenants 7
H. Related Technical Assistance 7
I. Consultant Recruitment and Procurement 7
J. Performance of Consultants, Contractors, and Suppliers 8
K. Performance of the Borrower and Executing Agency 8
L. Performance of the Asian Development Bank 9
III. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE 9

A. Relevance 9
B. Efficacy in Achievement of Purpose 10
C. Efficiency in Achievement of Outputs and Purpose 10
D. Preliminary Assessment of Sustainability 10
E. Environmental, Sociocultural, and Other Impacts 11
IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12

A. Overall Assessment 12
B. Lessons Learned 13
C. Recommendations 13
APPENDIXES
1. Chronology of Main Events in Project Implementation 15
2. Cost Breakdown by Project Components 17
3. Project Costs and Summary of Contracts 18
4. Annual Average Exchange Rates 19
5. Project Financing Plan 20
6. Projected and Actual Disbursements of Loan Proceeds 21
7. Implementation Schedule 22
8. Organization Chart and Project Implementation Structure 23
9. Status of Compliance with Major Loan Covenants 24
10. Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment 29
11. Major Assumptions Related to Economic and Financial Evaluation 31
12. Economic and Financial Evaluation 33
13. Training 35
14. Policy Issues Related to Pricing in the Gas Sector 36
ii
CONTENTS
Page
SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIXES (available upon request)
A. Balance Sheets 39
B. Income Statements 40
C. Sources and Uses of Funds 41
BASIC DATA
A. Loan Identification
1. Country India
2. Loan Number 1591-IND
3. Loan Title LPG Pipeline Project
4. Borrower Gas Authority of India Limited
5. Executing Agency Gas Authority of India Limited
6. Amount of Loan (net after cancellation) $98.19 million
First Cancellation $13.50 million 31 May 1999
Second Cancellation $15.50 million 12 October 1999
Third Cancellation $11.50 million 21 September
2000
Fourth Cancellation $11.31 million 1 March 2002
7. Project Completion Report Number PCR:IND 764
B. Loan Data
1. Appraisal
- Date Started 22 September 1997
- Date Completed 3 October 1997
2. Loan Negotiations
- Date Started 12 November 1997
- Date Completed 14 November 1997
3. Date of Board Approval 16 December 1997
4. Date of Loan Agreement 11 December 1998
5. Date of Loan Effectiveness

- In Loan Agreement 11 March 1999
- Actual 4 May 1999
- Number of Extensions 1
6. Closing Date
- In Loan Agreement 30 November 2001
- Actual 1 March 2002
7. Terms of Loan
- Interest Rate 6 months variable ordinary
capital resources (OCR) rate
- Maturity 15 years
- Grace Period 4 years
8. Terms of Relending
- Interest Rate Not less than OCR rate
- Maturity (number of years) 15 years
- Grace Period (number of years) 4 years
iv
9. Disbursements
a. Dates
Initial Disbursement Final Disbursement Time Interval

27 May 1999 1 March 2002 33 months
Effective Date Original Closing Date Time Interval
4 May 1999 3 November 2001 31 months
b. Amount ($ million)
Last Net Undis-

Original Revised Amount bursed
Category Allocation Allocationa Disbursed Balance
1. Civil Works and 53.00 48.60 43.23 5.37
Construction
2. Goods and Equipment 56.00 46.16 44.83 1.33
3. Interest and 23.00 8.89 8.89 0.00
Commitment Charges
4. Trainingb 0.00 1.96 1.24 0.72
5. Unallocated 18.00 3.89 0.00 3.89
Total 150.00 109.50 98.19 11.31
a
Last revised allocation completed on 31 August 2001.
b
Training component was included later, at the request of the Gas Authority of India Limited,
to use the loan savings.
Source: Controllers Department, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
C. Project Data
1. Project Cost ($ million)
Cost Appraisal Estimate Actual
Foreign Exchange Cost 208.80 129.00

Local Currency Cost 155.60 119.98
Total 364.40 248.98
Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.
2. Financing Plan ($ million)
Appraisal Estimate Actual

Item Foreign Local Total Foreign Local Total
Implementation Costs
ADB 127.00 0.00 127.00 93.39 0.00 93.39
International Banks 44.80 0.00 44.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
Local Banks 0.00 8.80 8.80 30.81 38.43 69.24
GAIL Internal Resources 0.00 144.25 144.25 0.00 76.60 76.60
IDC Costs
ADB 23.00 0.00 23.00 4.80 0.00 4.80
International Banks 14.00 0.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Local Banks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
GAIL Internal Resources 0.00 2.55 2.55 0.00 4.95 4.95
Total 208.80 155.60 364.40 129.00 119.98 248.98
ADB = Asian Development Bank, GAIL = Gas Authority of India Limited, IDC = interest during construction.
v
3. Cost Breakdown by Project Components ($ million)

A. Base Cost
1. Line Pipe 48.60 0.00 48.60 30.70 19.25 49.95
2. Pipe Coating 24.30 0.00 24.30 10.50 2.01 12.51
3. Line Fittings 0.00 4.80 4.80 0.00 1.24 1.24
4. Valves 3.80 0.00 3.80 4.70 3.32 8.02
5. Pumps 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.20 1.13 9.33
6. Right of Use 0.00 3.80 3.80 0.00 1.70 1.70
Compensation
7. Pipe Laying 47.40 5.30 52.70 41.10 15.76 56.86
8. River Crossings (HDD) 0.00 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.31 0.31
9. Booster, Dispatch, and 3.50 12.80 3.50 0.00 11.67 11.67
Tap-Off Stations
10. SCADA and 12.00 15.70 27.70 12.00 11.51 23.51
Telecommunications
systems
11. Cathodic Protection 3.50 0.00 3.50 4.20 0.41 4.61
System
12. Power Supply 0.00 6.30 6.30 12.80 1.67 14.47
13. Construction Camps 0.00 5.50 5.50 0.00 2.01 2.01
and/or Townships
14. Commissioning 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
15. Surveys 0.00 1.90 1.90 0.00 1.16 1.16
16. Engineering 0.00 12.70 12.70 0.00 9.80 9.80
17. Consulting and Training 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.68 0.68
18. Project Management 0.00 6.30 6.30 0.00 13.54 13.54
19. Ocean Freight 7.10 0.00 7.10 0.00 0.00 1.72
20. Customs Duty 0.00 29.60 29.60 0.00 15.61 15.61
21. Port and Domestic 0.00 7.80 7.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
Transport
22. Excise Duty and Central 0.00 5.60 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sales Tax
23. Insurance 0.00 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.20 0.20
24. Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32
Subtotal (A) 152.20 120.70 272.90 124.20 115.03 239.23
B. Contingencies
1. Physical Contingencies 15.22 12.07 27.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
2. Price Contingencies 9.38 20.28 29.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
Subtotal (B) 24.60 32.35 56.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
C. Interest During 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75

Construction
Subtotal (C) 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75
Total 208.80 155.60 364.40 129.00 119.98 248.98

HDD = horizontal directional drilling, SCADA = supervisory control and data acquisition.
vi
4. Project Schedule

Item Start End Start End
Surveys Jan 1996 Sep 1998 Jan 1996 Jul 1998
Right of Way and Land Acquisition Apr 1997 Oct 1997 Apr 1997 May 2000
Engineering
Feasibility Study Jan 1996 Jan 1997 Jan 1996 Sep 1996
Design Freeze Feb 1997 Oct 1997 Feb 1997 Dec 1997
Process Design Nov 1997 Mar 1998 Nov 1997 Jan 1998
Detail Engineering Apr 1998 Sep 1998 Mar 1998 Apr 2000
HAZOP Apr 1998 Jan 2001 Feb 1998 Mar 2001
Procurement
Line Pipe Feb 1998 Apr 2000 Dec 1997 Dec 1999
Station Valves Mar 1998 Dec 1998 Oct 1998 Oct 2000
Pumps and Drivers Sep 1998 Jun 1999 Oct 1998 Jul 2000
Appurtenances Apr 1998 Mar 2000 Apr 1998 Sep 2000
Optical Fiber Cable Apr 1998 Mar 2000 Mar 1998 Jul 2000
Construction
Pipe Coating Mar 1998 Sep 2000 Jan 1998 Jun 2000
Pipe Laying Jul 1998 Mar 2001 Jun 1998 Feb 2001
Terminal and Pump Stations Dec 1998 Feb 2001 Dec 1998 Jan 2001
Telecommunications Mar 1999 Feb 2001 Mar 1999 Mar 2001
SCADA Feb 1999 Jan 01 Feb 1999 a
Nov 2003
Commissioning Feb 2001 Apr 2001 Oct 2000 Jan 2001
HAZOP = hazardous operations, SCADA = supervisory control and data acquisition
a
Expected date of completion.
Source: Gas Authority of India Limited.
5. Project Performance Report Ratings
Ratings
Development Implementation
Implementation Period Objectives Progress
(i) From 1 Mar 1999 To 31 Dec 1999 S S
(ii) From 1 Jan 2000 To 31 Dec 2001 HS S
HS = highly satisfactory, S = satisfactory.

Source: Project Performance Reports of the Asian Development Bank.
C. Data on Asian Development Bank Missions
No. of No. of Specialization

Name of Mission Date Persons Person- of Membersa
Days
Fact-Finding 24 Feb7 Mar 1997 5 15 a, b, g
Special Contact 35 Jul 1997 5 15 a, b, g
Appraisal 22 Sep4 Oct 1997 4 52 a, c, d, g
Contact 1620 Nov 1998 3 15 a, b, c
Inception 23 Feb1 Mar 1999 3 15 a, h
Review 1 1925 Oct 1999 1 7 a
Review 2 2125 Feb 2000 2 10 a, e
Review 3 48 Sep 2000 2 10 a, e
Project Completion 2730 May 2003 4 16 a, b, d, e
Review Mission 2b
a
a = engineer, b = financial analyst, c = counsel, d = economist, e = procurement and/or consultant
specialist, f = control officer, g = programs officer, and h = loan administration staff.
b
This report was prepared by Mission Head V. Rao Karbar, project implementation officer (Energy),
India Resident Mission (INRM); V. Ravindranath (consultant); and R. Kapoor, assistant project
analyst, INRM.
Source: Back-to-Office-Reports of the Asian Development Bank.
vii
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1. The objectives of the Project were to (i) improve the availability of liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG) by addressing infrastructure constraints, (ii) minimize the transportation cost of LPG,
(iii) improve the environment by reducing energy consumption and exhaust emission, and (iv)
enable private sector importers and traders of LPG to access infrastructure that was historically
captive for public sector companies. The Project envisaged achieving these objectives by laying
a 1,171 kilometer (km) pipeline system from Jamnagar in Gujarat to Loni, which is near Delhi,
and implementing reforms in the Indian gas sector. The pipeline was envisaged to transport
indigenously produced LPG and that imported through Kandla port.
2. The Project comprised the (i) design and construction of a trunk line from Samakhiali to
Loni that is 1,015 km in length, with a diameter of 12 and 16 inches, and a spur line from
Jamnagar to Samakhiali that is 156 km in length, with a diameter of 14 inches; (ii) construction
of pumping facilities at Jamnagar and three main line booster pump stations; (iii) installation of
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and telecommunications systems; and (iv)
provision of training for Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) employees (on the operation and
safety aspects of LPG pipeline systems).
3. The Project was designed to transport 1.7 million metric tons per annum (MMTPA) of
LPG from the LPG rich western region to the LPG deficient northern region of India. Along the
pipeline route, LPG is tapped for delivery to bottling plants at Ajmer, Jaipur, Piyala, Madanpur-
Khadar, and Loni, for easy and convenient delivery in Indias northern states.
4. The hydrocarbon sector plays a vital role in the economic growth of India. The mix of
commercial energy comprises coal (50%), hydrocarbons (42%), hydropower (7%), and nuclear
power (1%). The share of hydrocarbons has increased from 27% at appraisal to 42% today, and
is expected to further increase to 45% by 2010. Currently, gas meets 8% of Indias total primary
energy demand, and is expected to meet 20% of this demand by 2010. For cooking, LPG and
kerosene have been the main commercial fuels. LPG has been primarily used in urban areas,
while noncommercial fuels, such as wood, dung, and crop residues, are widely used in rural
areas. This pattern of commercial and noncommercial fuel use by households, particularly in
northern India, can be attributed to the lack of adequate LPG supplies and an unreliable supply
chain. Further, the refineries, the main source for indigenous LPG, are concentrated in Indias
western region, and the limited number of transport facilities between the western region and
northern region has contributed to the poor penetration of LPG in the north. The use of
noncommercial fuels and commercial fuel kerosene for cooking, particularly by low-income
households in urban areas and a majority of rural households, also causes environmental
pollution and health problems.
5. GAIL, with the support of the Government, initiated laying the LPG pipeline between
Indias western and northern regions to (i) arrest environmental pollution, (ii) provide easy
access to and improve the reliability and availability of the LPG supply, and (iii) meet the
increasing demand for LPG. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) earlier played a major role in
(i) enhancing the institutional capacity of Indian hydrocarbon public sector enterprises (PSEs),
(ii) introducing competition, (iii) initiating divestment of government equity in PSEs, (iv)
deregulating product prices, and (v) initiating steps toward the establishment of a regulatory
framework. To further the reform process, promote the use of commercial fuels, and provide the
infrastructure for meeting increasing demand for LPG in the north, ADB agreed to finance the
Project. At appraisal, in 1997, the Indian gas sector was at critical juncture in reforms, and there
was a need to move toward establishing a market-driven and commercially oriented gas sector.
2
ADBs rationale in financing the Project complemented the reform process by (i) establishing the
principle of open access pipelines in India, (ii) unbundling gas transmission from trading, and (iii)
developing between GAIL and pipeline users commercial contracts that can serve as a model
for similar future projects.
6. A $150 million ADB loan was approved in December 1997. Under the financing plan,
ADB was to finance $150 million (41%) of the total cost of the Project, and the balance was to
be financed by GAIL ($146.6 million), international banks ($58.8 million), and local banks ($8.8
million). The main components financed by ADB were (i) line pipes; (ii) line pipe coatings; (iii)
optical fiber cables; (iv) sectionalizing main line and conduit gate valves; (v) laying and
installation of line pipes and associated systems; and (vi) training, which was included during
the implementation stage, at GAILs request.
II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
7. The main events in project implementation are given chronologically in Appendix 1.
A. Relevance of Design and Formulation
8. The hydrocarbon sector in India is critical to infrastructure development. An efficient

hydrocarbon sector was expected to play a major role in the success of Indias overall economic
development and the overall reform program initiated in India in early 1990s. At appraisal,
ADBs country operational strategy for India was to support efforts of the Government designed
to achieve higher sustainable economic growth, promote employment, and reduce poverty. To
achieve the intended economic growth, ADBs focus was primarily on (i) improving the supply-
side efficiency of the economy, especially by reducing bottlenecks in the hydrocarbon sector;
and (ii) placing greater emphasis on improving policy, institutional, and regulatory frameworks,
to enhance the efficiency of public sector operations and encourage private investment. Thus,
the Project was designed to efficiently transport LPG from the LPG rich western region to the
LPG deficient northern region of India, by laying an LPG pipeline between Jamnagar and Loni.
The Project was highly relevant at the time of appraisal and remains relevant today, since the
demand for LPG in the northern region is projected to grow to 2.6 MMTPA by 2006/07 and 3.5
MMTPA by 2011/12.
9. Despite considerable LPG use in urban areas, demand remained unserved in the lower
income groups in urban areas, due to their relatively poor access to LPG. In addition to unmet
demand in urban areas, use of LPG in rural areas, particularly in northern India, was
insignificant due to availability and supply constraints. In view of this, ADB formulated the
Project to promote LPG use in rural areas and increase the access of low-income groups in
urban areas to LPG. The Project was also designed to improve the environment by replacing
the existing LPG road and rail transport mode with a pipeline transport mode and substituting, in
rural households, LPG for noncommercial and polluting fuels, such as wood, dung cake, and
crop residues. The Government has also been actively promoting the use of LPG in rural areas,
through its ninth and tenth plans (1997/98 to 2006/07). In 1997, only 27% of rural households
were using LPG, and the Government planned to increase the level of LPG use by 1% each
year to reach 10% of rural households by 2006/07. This was to result in a total LPG coverage of
37% of all Indian households. As a part of the Project, tapping points were to exist along the
route of the pipeline, to encourage the use of LPG in rural areas.
10. In India, the gas and oil pipelines all belong to the public sector. This has led to a virtual
monopoly that to some extent reduces the benefits brought about by deregulation. It is important
3
that the private and public sector have access to pipelines. At appraisal, ADBs strategy was to
have an open access pipeline (the first in India), to ensure wider coverage of actual users in the
public and private sectors. The resulting reliability of assured supply of LPG to dealers (traders)
has led to lower inventory costs at dealer points. At the same time, the market expanded (use in
rural areas that hitherto did not use LPG increased), which in turn increased the social values
and standard of living of rural people in general. As a result, traders are pleased with increased
revenue and contribute to restructuring efforts in rural India that are designed to promote the
use of LPG.
11. The Projects components were implemented without any major deviation from the
design adopted at appraisal. The actual level of performance achieved by GAIL demonstrates
the appropriateness of the design rationale and the contracts entered into with private sector
importers and traders of LPG when creating the first open access pipeline in India. The policy of
providing open access to an LPG pipeline is timely and will be a model in furthering the private-
public partnership when developing the Indian hydrocarbon sector. There was no project
preparatory technical assistance program for this Project.
B. Project Outputs
12. The Project comprised (i) constructing a 1,015 km trunk line, with a diameter of 12 and
16 inches, from Samakhiali to Loni; (ii) constructing a 156 km spur line, with a 14-inch diameter,
from Jamnagar to Samakhiali; (iii) constructing pumping facilities at dispatch points and three
main line pump stations; (iv) installing SCADA and telecommunications systems; and (v)
conducting training for GAIL staff. As envisaged during appraisal, all components except the
SCADA system have been installed and commissioned within the scheduled completion period
of 42 months. A brief review of the status of the completion of project components follows.
1. Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni
13. The Jamnagar to Loni pipeline comprised the following major components: (i) detailed
engineering and design; (ii) pipes (12-, 14-, and 16-inch), valves, optical fiber cables, and other
associated items; (iii) laying of coated line pipes and constructing booster stations; and (iv) other
civil works. The pipeline was commissioned on 31 January 2001, 3 months ahead of schedule.
The pipeline throughput from the commissioning date has been the same as that envisaged at
appraisal (1.7 MMTPA).
2. Pumps at LPG Input Station and Booster Pumps
14. The installation of pumps and booster pumps comprised the following major
components: (i) installation of main line pumps (478.5 kilowatts [kW], with a 201 cubic meter
[m3] per hour capacity) and booster pumps (194 kW, with a 258.5 m3 per hour capacity) at the
Jamnagar LPG input station; and (ii) installation of three main line pumps, one at the Samakhiali
station (758 kW, with a 323 m3 per hour capacity), one at the Abu Road station (836 kW, with a
323 m3 per hour capacity), and one at the Ajmer station (270 kW, with a 270 m3 per hour
capacity). The booster pumps were designed based on the requirement of maintaining the
necessary threshold pressure of 20 bars in the pipeline. The pumps were commissioned on 25
January 2001, within the scheduled time allotted for the completion of the Project. With the
approval of ADB, the location of one of the main line pump stations was changed from Palanpur
to Abu Road during the detailed design stage.
4
3. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and Telecommunications

Systems
15. This component comprised the installation of SCADA and telecommunications systems.
These are required for remote monitoring and computerized control of the performance of the
pipeline. Major parts of the SCADA system were completed in January 2003, and the entire
telecommunications system was completed in March 2001. The dynamic leak detection feature
and application software (APPS) module, which are part of the SCADA system, have not been
commissioned, due to a substantial delay in the vendors deploying specialists. GAIL has
indicated that the remaining parts of the SCADA system have been installed and site
acceptance tests are underway. After the site acceptance tests are successfully completed, it is
expected that all the features of SCADA system would be operationalized by November 2003.
Without the leak detection feature, GAIL staff cannot instantly detect LPG leaks remotely.
However, under the present arrangement, the operations staff can detect LPG leaks by
analyzing the pressure profile of the LPG along the pipeline. The data collected is available to
staff on-line at master control stations, which ensures the safe operation of the pipeline. The
APPS module was envisaged to optimally set the operational parameters of pumps and other
equipment, based on system input and output requirements, and obtain the optimum
operational efficiencies. Although not commissioning the APPS module has had no effect on the
operation of the pipeline, using the APPS modules on-line capabilities would reduce the
operating costs of the system.
C. Project Costs
16. At appraisal, the total cost of the Project was estimated at $364.4 million equivalent,
comprising $208.8 million (57%) in foreign currency and $155.6 million (43%) in local currency.
The ADB loan at appraisal was valued at $150 million, out of which only $98.19 million was
used. Cost savings of $115.42 million equivalent (33%) were composed of $79.80 million in
foreign currency and $35.62 million equivalent in local currency. Appendix 2 compares
estimated and actual project costs. The Projects costs and a summary of contracts are in
Appendix 3. Appendix 4 provides the average exchange rates used when converting local
currency to dollar equivalents.
17. The savings in project cost are mostly in the foreign currency component of the total
project cost (38.3%), when compared to the local currency component (22.9%). The foreign
exchange cost savings are attributed to (i) a substantial fall in the international price of steel
(estimated at $600 per ton [t], the actual price was $420 per t), leading to lower procurement
prices for the pipeline; (ii) a general recession in the market; and (iii) savings in interest during
construction, because the debt (loan) component of the Project was reduced (the loan in foreign
currency was $98.10 million, compared with $155.6 million at appraisal). The savings in local
currency are attributed to (i) non levy of customs duties, which was envisaged at appraisal,
because GAIL obtained exemption from the Government as a special case; (ii) savings in
telecommunications and SCADA procurement; and (iii) savings related to engineering services.
D. Disbursements
18. ADB approved a $150 million loan from its ordinary capital resources on 16 December
1997. Disbursements totaled $98.19 million out of the original loan amount of $150 million.
$51.81 million was canceled in four stages as loan savings. Initial disbursements under the loan
started on 27 May 1999, and the final disbursement was on 1 March 2002 (33 months later).
5
The pattern of actual disbursements closely followed the annual disbursement projections. The
actual and projected disbursements are given in Appendix 6.
E. Project Schedule
19. The planned project implementation steps are compared with the actual sequence of
events in Appendix 7. The Project was scheduled to start in November 1997, with a
commissioning date of April 2001. All project components were completed by January 2001,
except for the SCADA system, which was partly commissioned in January 2003 and is expected
to be fully commissioned and operationalized by November 2003.
1. Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni
20. The implementation schedule for the pipeline comprised engineering, procurement, and
construction (including civil) activities.
21. The design process was scheduled to begin in November 1997 and be completed
by March 1998. The actual work was completed in January 1998, 2 months ahead of schedule.
The detail engineering was to begin in April 1998 and be completed by September 1998. The
actual engineering was completed only in April 2000, with a delay of 18 months. The delay was
due to changes and/or modifications in drawings at the time of execution. The procurement of
long lead time items, not affected by these delays, was ordered at the same time. Thus, there
was no impact on the completion date of the Project.
22. The procurement of pipes was to begin in February 1998 and be completed by April
2000. Actual procurement was completed 2 months ahead of schedule. However, there were
delays (615 months) in the procurement of valves and fittings. There was, however, no impact
on the Projects schedule, as GAIL revised the procurement schedules of items that were to be
used in other projects.
23. The construction activities comprised the coating of pipes, pipe laying, and civil works for
the terminal and pump stations. The coating and pipe laying activities were scheduled to be
completed simultaneously, with a head start of 4 months given to coating activities. The pipe
laying, scheduled for completion by March 2001, was completed in January 2001 (2 months
ahead of schedule). Construction of terminal and pump station buildings began in December
1998 and was to be completed by February 2001. The buildings were completed 1 month ahead
of schedule, in January 2001.
2. Installation of Pumps
24. Three main line pumps and three booster pumps are at the LPG input station at
Jamnagar. The engineering for these items began with that for the pipeline. Procurement for
these items was to commence in September 1998 and end by June 1999. Actual procurement
commenced 1 month later, in October 1998, and was completed in July 2000, after a delay of
13 months. The delay in delivering the pumps is attributed to a backlog of earlier orders to the
supplier. The late delivery of the pumps did not affect the commissioning of the Project, as these
were required at the sites only 2 months prior to the commissioning dates. Since the pumps
were received by July 2000, and the scheduled commissioning date was April 2001, the
Projects completion target was not affected. The construction of the terminal pump stations was
scheduled to begin in December 1998 and be completed in February 2001. The stations were
completed 1 month ahead of schedule, in January 2001.
6
3. Installation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and

Telecommunications Systems
25. The engineering for the two systems, the SCADA and telecommunication systems,
began with that for the pipelines. The procurement of optical fiber cables was scheduled to start
in April 1998 and be completed by March 2000. Actual procurement began in March 1998 and
was completed in July 2000, with a delay of 3 months. The SCADA system was scheduled to
begin in February 1999 and be completed in January 2001. Although the work started according
to schedule, the SCADA was commissioned in January 2003 without its dynamic leak detection
system and APPS module. With APPS specialists currently at the site, the system is likely to be
completed by the end of November 2003. The telecommunications system was installed in
March 2001, which was 1 month past the scheduled date of February 2001.
F. Implementation Arrangements
26. The implementation arrangements were the same as envisaged at appraisal, and ADB
found the implementation arrangements to be satisfactory. A project implementation office,
headed by a project manager, who was assisted by qualified technical and administrative staff,
was set up at Noida. The Project was periodically monitored by GAILs top management,
through monthly review meetings at the site and New Delhi. The implementation arrangements
were considered adequate by ADB, as overall coordination existed and a proper management
system was in place. The Projects implementation structure is provided in Appendix 8.
27. An Indian firm was appointed consultant for the Project and provided consultation,
design, engineering, procurement, expediting, quality assurance and/or quality control,
construction, and construction management services. The consulting firm had also set up a
central coordination site office at Jaipur, which was headed by a resident construction manager,
who was assisted by a group of engineers specializing in construction, construction
management, quality assurance, and quality checks. This office also acted as the nodal point for
all the spreads for technical assistance, workforce deployment, execution, project planning, and
project monitoring.
28. The total 1,171 km of pipeline, as envisaged during project appraisal, was to be laid from
Jamanagar (Gujarat) to Loni (Uttar Pradesh). Keeping in view the length of the pipeline, the
terrain through which it had to be laid, and the implementation schedule, GAIL divided the total
length of pipeline into five. Each section was headed by a person who reported directly to the
general manager (Pipelines), GAIL, Jaipur. The sections are
(i) from Jamnagar to Bhimasar, with a pipeline length of 207.5 km and an office at
Jamnagar;
(ii) from Bhimasar to Abu Road, with a pipeline length of 231 km and an office at
Palanpur;
(iii) from Abu Road to Kantaliya, with a pipeline length of 184.1 km and an office at
Palanpur;
(iv) from Kantaliya to Jaipur, with a pipeline length of 254 km and an office at Jaipur;
and
7
(v) from Jaipur to Loni (Uttar Pradesh), with a pipeline length of 294 km and an
office at Noida.
29. The pumps at the input and other stations have been installed. Intermediate pumping
and/or booster stations are required to maintain the requisite pressure in the pipeline system,
pumping the LPG downstream, and meeting the pressure profile at off-take points. The work
was carried out on a contract basis, supervised by the consultant.
30. The engineering for the SCADA and telecommunications systems began with that for the
pipelines. The procurement of optical fiber cables was scheduled to begin in April 1998 and be
completed by March 2000. The actual procurement began in March 1998 and was completed in
July 2000, with a delay of 4 months. The SCADA system was scheduled to be completed in
January 2001. Due to delays caused by the contractor, the system is now expected to be
operationalized with all features by the end of November 2003. The telecommunications system
was installed in March 2001.
G. Conditions and Covenants
31. The effective date for the Loan Agreement was specified as 90 days after the date of
the agreement. The additional conditions to be complied with before the loan became effective
were as follows: (i) the capacity of the pipeline had to be established; (ii) GAIL was to have
executed binding contracts for at least 90% of the pipelines capacity; (iii) consultants were to be
appointed to undertake a hazardous operations (HAZOP) analysis; and (iv) the Government
was to confirm that no legislative approvals, consents, or permits would be required for public or
private sector entities to have pipeline access. In addition, before the loan could become
effective, (i) GAIL had to obtain the Governments approval as the Guarantor, (ii) all corporate
and government approvals had to be obtained, (iii) the status of Navaratna1 had to be granted to
GAIL, and (iv) valid LPG transmission contracts had to be finalized.
32. The conditions were fulfilled by GAIL. The status of compliance with key loan covenants
and conditions is shown in Appendix 9. No covenants were modified, suspended, or waived
during implementation. All covenants were satisfied, except for those relating to divestment of
government equity in GAIL below 70% and the establishment of a gas regulatory authority. The
Government has cited the prevailing difficult market conditions as the reason for its inability
to off-load its holdings in the market, and the Government is setting up a gas regulatory
authority, which is expected to be in place by the end of 2003. A brief note on the policy issues
in the gas sector appears in Appendix 14.
H. Related Technical Assistance
33. No technical assistance is related to this Project.
I. Consultant Recruitment and Procurement
1. Consultants
34. As decided at appraisal, GAIL, from its own resources, appointed an experienced Indian
engineering firm to be the main consultant. The scope of work entrusted to the consultant
included (i) preparing a feasibility study; (ii) preparing the basic design of pipeline, terminal
1
Navaratna status allows a company to incur capital expenditures of up to Rs3 billion, and enter into joint ventures
with private companies involving an investment of up to Rs1 billion, without prior government approval.
8
facilities, and pump stations; (iii) creating the detailed design of and engineering for these
facilities; (iv) preparing bid documents; (v) procuring materials and equipment, which included
performance monitoring, expediting and inspection services at vendors shops; (vi) supervising
construction and providing quality assurance activities; (vii) providing project management
services, including monitoring and progress reporting; and (viii) providing commissioning and
start up assistance.
35. GAIL also conducted a HAZOP study, through an internationally qualified British
consulting firm. Another firm was appointed to conduct a third party inspection of the pipeline.
The selection of these two firms was carried out in accordance with ADBs Guidelines on the
use of Consultants.
2. Procurement
36. The procurement packages funded by ADB covered (i) line pipes, (ii) pipeline
construction, (iii) block and/or sectionalizing valves, and (iv) coating and transportation. ADB
agreed to advance procurement actions for these items, and GAIL carried out procurement for
ADB-financed contracts in accordance with ADBs Guidelines for Procurement. GAIL acquired
its previous procurement experience through ADBs Gas Rehabilitation and Expansion Project,2
and due to the support of an experienced consultant, no major problems were encountered in
contract packaging, preparation of bid documents, or bid evaluation. The procurement of line
pipes, which accounts for 62% of procurement by value, was carried out on time. However,
there were some delays in the procurement of valves and pumps. The delays were attributed to
the poor performance of vendors. The supply of valves was delayed, but this, had no impact on
the Projects schedule, as GAIL diverted some of these items from other projects. The delivery
of the pumps was not critical for commissioning.
J. Performance of Consultants, Contractors, and Suppliers
37. GAIL reported that the consultants performed the assigned tasks professionally and in
accordance with the terms of reference. Apart from the tasks mentioned in para. 35, the main
consultant was also asked to carry out an environmental impact assessment study. A summary
of the findings is given in Appendix 14.
38. The main pipeline laying contractors were able to lay the pipeline ahead of schedule and
helped get the line charged with LPG before schedule.
39. The suppliers of line pipe supplied the pipes ahead of schedule. GAIL reported that the
performance of these suppliers was satisfactory.
K. Performance of the Borrower and Executive Agency
40. GAIL was both the Borrower and Executing Agency. Its performance was satisfactory.
The Project was completed successfully and ahead of schedule (3 months). The additional
revenue earned, due to early completion, was $2.6 million. The amount of LPG transported
during this period was 100,000 tons.
41. The Project was funded by the second ADB loan given to GAIL. Both loans were used
according to schedule, and no loan extensions were asked. Moreover, GAIL ensured that 229
2
ADB. 1993. Technical Assistance to India for the Gas Rehabilitation and Expansion Project. Manila
9
technical staff members were trained in India and overseas. Appendix 13 provides a summary
of training programs attended by GAIL staff.
L. Performance of the Asian Development Bank
42. ADB closely and regularly monitored project progress, through review measures, and
provided useful advice in several areas, including procurement, project management, and staff
planning.
43. ADBs India Resident Mission (INRM) also closely monitored project administration.
ADB, GAIL, and the Indian consultant held several tripartite meetings that improved GAILs
performance. Various timely corrective measures were suggested and implemented as a result
of those reviews. Thus, ADBs overall performance was satisfactory.
III. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE
A. Relevance
44. At appraisal and completion, the Project was rated highly relevant to the Governments
and ADBs hydrocarbon sector strategy for the country (paras. 8 to 10). The Projects primary
objective at appraisal was to mitigate the LPG shortage in northern India through the efficient
transportation of surplus LPG from the western region of India, promotion of LPG use in rural
areas and among low-income groups, and the provision of pipeline access to the private sector.
45. The demand for LPG is expected to rise to 2.6 MMTPA in 2007 and 3.5 MMTPA by
2012. The pipeline capacity of 1.7 MMTPA has been contracted to the public sector (1.49
MMTPA) and the private sector (0.21 MMTPA), and the average quantities drawn in 2001 were
90.15%, with take or pay provisions. Thus, the objective of meeting the demand in the northern
region has been greatly addressed as a result of this project.
46. The number of LPG road tankers needed was drastically reduced after the installation of
the pipeline. In the past, 270 LPG tankers were required to transport an average of 5,000 tons
of LPG per day. The road tankers that are now free, as a result of the pipeline, are being
redeployed to carry LPG to remote areas. This is resulting in LPG becoming available to
segments of the population that were earlier dependent on wood and cow dung for fuel. The
Projects objective of reducing LPG transportation costs is being achieved, as the cost is now
50% lower than by road and 30% lower than by rail.
47. The amount of pollutants released into the environment has also been reduced. The
amounts of suspended particle matter (6,253 tons per annum [tpa]), carbon monoxide (1,034
tpa), unburned hydrocarbons (10,340 tpa), and sulfur oxide and nitrogen dioxide (3,693 tpa) are
expected to drop considerably.
48. The Project is relevant and important in providing pipeline access to the private sector.
Two private companies, Energy Infrastructure (India) Limited, New Delhi, and Dharamsi Morarji
Chemical Company Limited, Mumbai, have entered into 15-year contracts with GAIL. The
parties will be drawing LPG from the pipeline at Patli in Rajasthan and Loni in Uttar Pradesh,
respectively. The Project was instrumental in developing commercial contracts between GAIL
and the private sector, which in turn will facilitate open access to the pipeline for the private
sector. The successful execution of contracts and implementation will serve as a model for
similar future projects and can provide financial gain to private operators.
10
B. Efficacy in Achievement of Purpose
49. The Project achieved its immediate objectives of transporting 1.7 MMTPA of surplus
LPG from Indias western region to its LPG deficient northern region, reducing pollution, and
providing open access to the pipeline. The system was designed to transport 1.7 MMTPA of
LPG. Against this capacity, during FY2002/03, GAIL transported 1.53 MMTPA of LPG, using
90% of the total capacity in the second year of operation. Due to GAILs effective and efficient
operation of the LPG system, there have not been any disruptions in operation. The Project also
achieved its long-term objective of contributing to ADBs strategy of supporting efforts designed
to achieve higher sustainable economic growth. Since the early 1990s, the Governments
emphasis has been on policy changes that will affect the institutional and regulatory framework
and enhance the efficiency of public sector operations and encourage private investment. The
Project was also formulated to achieve ADBs objective of supporting projects with
environmental benefits.
C. Efficiency in Achievement of Outputs and Purpose
50. The Project has been operating continuously from the date of commissioning. The
pipeline was designed to handle 1.7 MMTPA of LPG, and the actual output has been 1.49
MMTPA, on an average. The pipeline will meet its design capacity once the balance quantity of
0.21 MMTPA is supplied by scheduled suppliers.
51. The Projects financial internal rate of return (FIRR) was determined to be 15.22%, after
tax, which is well above GAILs weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 10.80%, in real
terms. The economic internal rate of return (EIRR) was estimated at 31.48%. The financial and
economic analyses were made using the domestic price numeraire. Major assumptions used in
the financial evaluation, economic evaluation, and detailed calculations of FIRR and EIRR are in
appendixes 11 and 12. Balance sheets, income statements, and sources and uses of GAILs
funds can be found in the supplementary appendixes.
D. Preliminary Assessment of Sustainability
52. Technically, the design of the Project is robust and sound, given the technical
parameters and long-term sustainability of the pipeline. The design capacity can be achieved.
This capacity is proposed to be further increased to 2.5 MMTPA by 2006/07, to meet the
growing demand for LPG in the northern region. After increasing the capacity of the system, the
cost of transportation is expected to lower further. According to government forecasts, the LPG
shortages and constraints in the LPG supply chain will continue. As a result, there will be
adequate demand for LPG. Therefore, the Project can largely fill the deficit in LPG gas supply in
the northern region of the country. On the operations side, GAIL is well equipped with a skilled
and competent staff that can operate and maintain project installations effectively and efficiently.
Further, as the FIRR exceeds the WACC of GAIL, the returns from the Project will contribute to
the overall financial health of GAIL. Therefore, no problems are foreseen with the long-term
sustainability of the Project. The Project is also expected to trigger an increase in private sector
activity in LPG supply, which was hitherto an exclusive domain of the public sector. The
contracts drawn up by GAIL with the public and private sectors are for 15 years, with provisions
that the contract amount will be paid for even if LPG is not taken.
53. The Loan Agreement, under Schedule 6, required GAIL to prepare a HAZOP analysis of
the pipelines operability and safety features. The analysis was to be carried out by international
consultants during three stages of the Project: (i) on completion of the conceptual design of the
11
Projects facilities, (ii) on completion of the detailed design for the Projects facilities, and (iii) on
completion but prior to the commissioning of the Projects facilities. The HAZOP consultants
were to submit to ADB a report on the results of its analysis at each stage. GAIL will then modify
the Projects facilities as recommended by the HAZOP consultants, to enhance the design or
safety features of the Projects facilities.
54. GAIL conducted the HAZOP study through an internationally qualified firm. The study
was carried out in two stages, one in August and September 1998 and the other in March 2001,
after the pipeline was commissioned. As a result of this study, GAIL executed an action plan
that included producing a safety procedures manual at each installation. Some parts of the
action plan are described in paras. 55, 56, and 57.
55. The sectionalizing valve stations along the JamnagarLoni pipeline have been provided
with adequate safety features. Every station has a security guard and dedicated telephone, and
thermoelectric generators (TEG) supply emergency power. The main valves of all stations and
the TEGs can be operated and controlled from the master control rooms, at Jamnagar and Loni.
Each sectionalizing valve station has its own smoke detection and fire fighting systems, such as
carbon dioxide flooding systems and portable fire extinguishing appliances. Vaporizers are
provided between pressure reduction stations and the TEGs, to avoid liquid LPG going into the
TEGs.
56. On-site and off-site emergency plans that are well documented and cover all
contingencies are at each intermediate pumping stations (IPS). Drills at all IPSs are carried out
each quarter. Representatives of the safety and production departments prepare jointly a final
audit report examining on-site awareness of and responses to these drills, and this audit report
is continuously reviewed. The last drill was held on 26 March 2003.
57. The overriding consensus of the HAZOP consultant was that the pipeline was well
designed. The design incorporated many safety features that were generally conservative, in
principle, and this enabled the pipeline to be operated in a safe and efficient manner. Various
markers and warning signs were provided, in accordance with American Petroleum Institute
standards and specifications. GAIL has obtained ISO 9001 (quality management), ISO 14001
(environment management), and ISO 18001 (occupational health and safety) certification for its
pipeline system. The safety measures implemented by GAIL are adequate to ensure the safe
operation of the Project during its lifetime.
E. Environmental, Sociocultural, and Other Impacts
58. The impact of the pipeline on the environment was assessed in two partsimpact during
construction and/or operations and impact on a long-term basis.
59. The land along the right of way was cleared of vegetation and debris in a strip 10 meters
wide on side of the right of ways center line. The strip was reduced to 5.5 meters near the 0.5
km stretch of mangrove on the Hazira-Patan route. The pipeline was buried at least 1 meter
underground. The main impact on the environment during pipeline, booster station, and terminal
construction was caused by the movement of mechanical equipment during the excavation and
pipe laying phases, which generated pollutants like dust, suspended particle matter, carbon
monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide from fuel use. However, these pollutants were temporary in
nature and restricted to the construction area.
12
60. The entire pipeline was coated with three layers of polyethylene before being laid, to
prevent corrosion and/or rusting of the underground steel pipes and contamination of subsoil.
The impact on bodies of water during construction was very minor. Most of the water bodies that
were crossed by the pipeline route are small to medium in size. One major river (Yamuna) was
crossed, under the riverbed, using horizontal directional drilling. This method did not disturb the
banks or the riverbed, and no sediment was washed away by the river. The path selected keeps
the pipeline away, to the extent possible, from presently developed areas, future growth areas,
and intermediate population clusters.
61. The pipeline does not pass through any wildlife sanctuaries or national parks. The
degraded forests affected are mostly treeless grassland, which could more appropriately be
classified as scrubland. The pipeline traverses an area where grazing animals are found, such
as goats, sheep, camels, and horses.
62. The LPG pipeline offers an environmentally friendly mode of transportation that entails
less energy consumption and exhaust emissions than other modes. The transportation of LPG
through the pipeline system helps reduce air pollutants, including carbon monoxide, suspended
particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, and sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Noise pollution is
also reduced, as the pipeline makes it unnecessary to deploy a fleet of 270 trucks per day, each
producing 90 decibels of noise.
63. The social impact of the Project was directly visible in many ways. The infrastructure in
the form of a pipeline fostered the installation of LPG bottling plants at various points that have
created direct employment opportunities. The pipeline also provided employment during the
construction phase and subsequently during regular operations.
64. GAIL has taken up community development programs on an ambitious scale in all the
areas surrounding the pipeline. The various pumping stations have been identified as centers
for effecting those programs. The programs involve (i) providing scholarships to needy and
economically deprived students; (ii) constructing roads and hospitals and supplying medicine;
(iii) distributing crop seeds and hand pumps to farmers; and (iv) carrying out drought relief
measures, such as providing drinking water. GAIL has so far spent Rs4.3 million on these
programs.
IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Overall Assessment
65. Project formulation and design were consistent with ADBs strategy for the
hydrocarbon sector in India. The performance of consultants and contractors was generally
satisfactory. The Project was completed ahead of the appraisal schedule and without cost
overruns. The Projects components have achieved the desired level of performance within a
few months of commissioning. In addition, the Project successfully contributed to the reduction
of pollutants in the environment, resulting from a significant reduction in the number of LPG road
tankers needed. The Projects main objectives of reducing the imbalance in demand between
the western and northern regions of the country and allowing the private sector to have access
to the pipeline (for the first time in India) have been satisfactorily achieved. The benefits
13
generated by the Project are visible. The FIRR and EIRR of the Project confirm the findings.
Overall, the Project is rated as highly successful.3
B. Lessons Learned
66. A project of this magnitude requires a high level of preparedness and planning on the
part of the executing agency. The fact that the Project was completed 3 months ahead of
schedule testifies to the fact that GAIL is fully capable of executing such infrastructure projects,
given regular monitoring and review by ADB. This is the second ADB-financed project in the gas
sector. Both have been completed on time and have realized their objectives.
67. The delayed completion of the SCADA system is attributed to the late deployment of
specialists to the site by the supplier. In the earlier ADB-funded project (the Gas Rehabilitation
and Expansion Project), the installation of a SCADA system was similarly delayed. In future
projects, GAIL will need to place greater emphasis on this safety-related issue.
68. The procurement work was generally well executed. However, there were delays in the
delivery of valves and fittings (6 to 15 months) and pumps (12 months). The delays were
caused by vendor backlogs. This issue should be resolved by the executing agency in the
future.
69. ADB followed closely all activities, through headquarters and INRM review missions.
These proved valuable in expediting project schedules and monitoring major milestones.
C. Recommendations
1. Project Related
a. Future Monitoring
70. The dynamic leak detection system and APPS module of the SCADA system are in the
final stages of commissioning. ADBs INRM needs to monitor the commissioning of these and
evaluate their operational benefits in achieving optimal performance of the LPG pipeline.
71. The pipeline was designed to handle 1.7 MMTPA of LPG. The quantity contracted so far
is 1.49 MMTPA. As for the balance of 0.21 MMTPA, the two private parties involved have yet to
commence shipping. GAIL should inform ADB as soon as both start using the pipeline.
b. Covenants
72. Most of the covenants were complied with, except for those pertaining to the
establishment of a regulatory authority and the dilution of equity in GAIL. The recent steps being
taken by the Government may ensure that the regulator will be in place by December 2003. On
the equity issue, there is a need to take up further this issue with GAIL, as part of future
monitoring. Indian Oil Corporation, a stakeholder having an equity stake of 4.8%, is actively
considering a public offering, subject to government approval. The INRM is of the view that,
given the present improved equity market conditions and divestment policy of the Government,
3
This report is part of a sample of about 50% of all project completion reports prepared this year that have been
independently reviewed by the Operations Evaluation Department. The review has validated the methodology
used and the rating given.
14
the covenant related to the dilution of equity in GAIL will be complied with sooner rather than
later.
c. Further Action or Follow-up
73. The Project does not require any specific follow-up action by ADB, except monitoring to
ensure that the issues in paras. 70 and 71 have been resolved.
d. Additional Assistance
74. GAIL has drawn up a program to implement clean fuel projects in selected cities in India,
to improve the environment by substituting compressed natural gas for polluting diesel. A similar
project, implemented by GAIL, is operating in Indias capital city and the quality of the citys
environment has improved considerably due to a huge reduction in pollutants.
e. Timing of Project Performance Audit Report
75. A project performance audit report (PPAR) is recommended toward the end of 2005, to
enable the PPAR Mission to evaluate the benefits of the APPS module in optimizing the
operation of the LPG pipeline system, since, with the commissioning of APPS system, pipeline
parameters can be set at the optimum level to obtain the optimum efficiencies of pumps and
other installations.
2. General
76. The overall demand-supply scenario for gas in India indicates substantial deficits. India
still needs to import gas, given likely outcome of exploration efforts. Gas imports are restricted
to liquefied natural gas and those received via pipelines. Many liquefied natural gas projects are
already at various stages of completion. The most economic way to transport gas would be
through pipelines.
77. A number of possible routes can be established for transporting gas through pipelines.
From western India, Turkmenistan has evinced keen interest in exporting gas through a pipeline
to India. A joint working group has been set up to go further into the details. Similarly, Iran offers
significant potential for transporting gas to India. The Government of India is keen on an
offshore pipeline to bring Iranian gas to the west coast of India.
78. On the eastern side, a few oil companies, such as Cairn Energy, Shell, and Unocal, are
proposing to transport gas from the Sangu gas field in Bangladesh to India. Whether or not
these proposals are accepted will depend on the Government of Bangladeshs stand on gas
exports to India.
79. These developments would be consistent with ADBs long-term strategy for India. ADB
has supported efforts to achieve higher sustainable growth to promote employment and reduce
poverty. Efficient development of the hydrocarbon sector, in general, and the gas sector, in
particular, is important to the success of Indias self-sufficiency in the hydrocarbon sector. The
Government has generally implemented the gas sector reforms agreed upon with ADB, and
ADB expects to continue its involvement in the sector.
Appendix 1 15
CHRONOLOGY OF MAIN EVENTS IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Date Event
1995
16 Feb Country program concept clearance was obtained.
1997
24 Feb7 Mar Fact-finding mission activities were carried out.
35 Jul Special contact mission activities were carried out.
24 Sep4 Oct Appraisal activities were carried out.
3 Nov Staff review committee meeting was held.
1214 Nov Loan negotiations were held.
16 Dec Board approved the Project.
1998
10 Feb Preliminary hazardous operation (HAZOP) study was conducted.
1620 Nov Contact mission activities were carried out.
11 Dec Loan Agreement was signed.
1999
29 Jan Contract worth $27,265,660 was awarded for the supply of line pipes.
Contract worth $62,600 was awarded for the supply of line pipes.
Contract worth $2,693,300 was awarded for the supply of line pipes.
23 Feb1Mar Inception Mission activities were carried out.
1 Apr Contract worth $11,074,870 was awarded for the coating and
transportation of line pipes.
4 May Loan was declared effective.
19 May First disbursement under the Project was made.
28 May Contract worth 4,344,646 was awarded for the installation of main line
pumps.
28 May Contract worth 920,145 was awarded for the installation of main line
pumps.
29 Jun Contracts worth $2,443,726 and Rs17,949,131 were awarded,
respectively, for the installation of the supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) system and application software (APPS).
31 May Loan balance was reduced to $136.5 million, after $13.5 million of the total
amount was cancelled.
3 Jul First lot (326 km) of line pipes from Hyundai arrived at Kandla port.
8 Jul Contract worth $248,621 was awarded for the supply of sectionalizing
valves.
26 Jul Coating of line pipes commenced.
10 Aug Contract worth $8,294,114 was awarded for the provision of the
telecommunications system.
12 Oct Loan balance was reduced to $121 million, after $15.5 million of the total
Rs = Indian rupees, $ = US dollars, = pounds sterling.
Continued on next page
16 Appendix 1
TableContinued
Date Event
2000
1925 Oct First Review Mission met with Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)
officials to discuss project implementation matters.
3 Jan Last lot (124 km) of pipes was received at the coating yard.
2125 Feb Second Review Mission met with GAIL and Government officials to
discuss project implementation, consulting work, procurement status,
physical progress, and compliance with loan covenants.
3 Apr Horizontal directional drilling was completed.
1 May Three main line pumps were received at the site.
15 May Five booster pumps were received at the site.
5 Jun Booster pumps were erected.
15 Aug Gas-in was completed at Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) terminal.
48 Sep Third Review Mission met with GAIL and Government officials to discuss
project implementation, consulting work, procurement status, physical
progress, technical assistance status, and compliance with loan
covenants.
21 Sep Loan balance was reduced to $109.5 million, after $11.5 million of the total
15 Oct Gas-in dispatch terminal was completed.
19 Oct Gas-in from RPL to Samaikiali was completed.
15 Nov Gas-in to Abu Road pumping station was completed.
24 Nov Gas-in to Ajmer pumping station was completed.
25 Nov Booster pumps at Ajmer pumping station were commissioned.
28 Nov Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was sent to Bharat Petrochemicals Limited
at Ajmer.
10 Dec LPG was sent to Indian Oil Corporation at Sanganer.
21 Dec LPG was received by Bharat Petrochemicals Limited.
2001
19 Jan Booster pumps at Samaikiali were commissioned.
25 Jan Booster pumps at Abu Road were commissioned.
31 Jan LPG pipeline was commissioned.
2002
1 Mar Loan balance was reduced to $98.19 million, after $11.31 million of the
total amount was cancelled.
1 Mar Final disbursement under the Project was made.
2003
27 31 May Project Completion Review Mission activities were carried out.
Appendix 2 17
COST BREAKDOWN BY PROJECT COMPONENTS

($ million)
A. Base Cost
1. Line Pipe 48.60 0.00 48.60 30.70 19.25 49.95
2. Pipe Coating 24.30 0.00 24.30 10.50 2.01 12.51
3. Line Fittings 0.00 4.80 4.80 0.00 1.24 1.24
4. Valves 3.80 0.00 3.80 4.70 3.32 8.02
5. Pumps 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.20 1.13 9.33
6. Right of Use 0.00 3.80 3.80 0.00 1.70 1.70
Compensation
7. Pipe Laying 47.40 5.30 52.70 41.10 15.76 56.86
8. River Crossings (HDD) 0.00 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.31 0.31
9. Booster, Dispatch, and 3.50 12.80 3.50 0.00 11.67 11.67
Tap-Off Stations
10. SCADA and 12.00 15.70 27.70 12.00 11.51 23.51
Telecommunications
Systems
11. Cathodic Protection 3.50 0.00 3.50 4.20 0.41 4.61
System
12. Power Supply 0.00 6.30 6.30 12.80 1.67 14.47
13. Construction Camps 0.00 5.50 5.50 0.00 2.01 2.01
and/or Townships
14. Commissioning 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
15. Surveys 0.00 1.90 1.90 0.00 1.16 1.16
16. Engineering 0.00 12.70 12.70 0.00 9.80 9.80
17. Consulting and Training 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.68 0.68
18. Project Management 0.00 6.30 6.30 0.00 13.54 13.54
19. Ocean Freight 7.10 0.00 7.10 0.00 0.00 1.72
20. Customs Duty 0.00 29.60 29.60 0.00 15.61 15.61
21. Port and Domestic 0.00 7.80 7.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
Transport
22. Excise Duty and Central 0.00 5.60 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sales Tax
23. Insurance 0.00 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.20 0.20
24. Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.32
Subtotal (A) 152.20 120.70 272.90 124.20 115.03 239.23
B. Contingencies
1. Physical Contingencies 15.22 12.07 27.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
2. Price Contingencies 9.38 20.28 29.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
Subtotal (B) 24.60 32.35 56.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
C. Interest During 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75

Construction
Subtotal (C) 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75
Total 208.80 155.60 364.40 129.00 119.98 248.98

HDD = horizontal directional drilling, SCADA = supervisory control and data acquisition.
PROJECT COSTS AND SUMMARY OF CONTRACTS
18
Appendix 3
PCSS Category Category Description Contract Amount
No. No. Amount ($) Disbursed ($)
0001 02 Supply of Line Pipes 27,264,530 27,264,530

0002 02 Supply of Line Pipes 62,600 62,600
0003 02 Supply of Line Pipes 224,051 224,051
0004 02 Supply of Line Pipes 2,686,160 2,686,160
0005 02 Coating and Transportation of Coated Pipes 10,456,684 10,456,684
0006 02 Supply of Optical Fiber Cable Package 1,397,230 1,397,230
0007 02 Supply of Main Line and Sectionalizing Conduit Gate Valves 223,759 223,759
0008 02 Supply of Main Line and Sectionalizing through Conduit Gate Valves 2,515,909 2,515,909
0009 01 Laying and Installation of Pipelines and Associated Systems 17,432,562 17,432,562
0010 01 Laying and Installation of Pipelines and Commissioning 25,794,941 25,794,941
No. = number, PCSS = Procurement Contract Summary Sheet

Source: Asian Development Bank's Loan Financial Information System.
Appendix 4 19
ANNUAL AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATES
Indian Rupees
Fiscal Year (Rs) per $
1999 42.07
2000 43.33
2001 45.61
Source: Reserve Bank of India.

20
PROJECT FINANCING PLAN
($ million)
Appendix 5
A. Implementation Costs
1. Asian Development Bank 127.00 0.00 127.00 93.39 0.00 93.39
2. International Banks 44.80 0.00 44.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
3. Local Banks 0.00 8.80 8.80 30.81 38.43 69.24
4. GAIL Internal Resources 0.00 144.25 144.25 0.00 76.60 76.60
B. Interest During Construction
Costs
1. Asian Development Bank 23.00 0.00 23.00 4.80 0.00 4.80
2. International Banks 14.00 0.00 14.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.Local Banks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.GAIL Internal Resources 0.00 2.55 2.55 0.00 4.95 4.95
Total 208.80 155.60 364.85 129.00 119.98 248.98

GAIL = Gas Authority of India Limited.
Appendix 6 21
PROJECTED AND ACTUAL DISBURSEMENTS OF LOAN PROCEEDS

($ million)
Calendar Projected a Actual

Year For the Year Cumulative For the Year Cumulative
1999 0.00 3.000 36.770 36.770

2000 36.000 39.000 44.420 81.190
2001 17.200 56.200 16.380 97.570
2002 - 56.200 0.620 98.190
a
Projections are those made in the annual Loan Financial Information System (LFIS).
Source: LFIS of Asian Development Bank.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Activity 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
22
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
Activities prior to 1997 are not shown
Surveys
Appendix 7
ROW and Land Acquisition
Engineering
Design Freeze
Process Design
Detail Engineering
HAZOP
Procurement
Line Pipe
Station Valves
Pumps and Drivers
Appurtenances
Optical Fiber Cable
Construction
Pipe Coating
Pipe laying
Terminal/Pump Stations
Telecommunication
SCADA
Commissioning
HAZOP = hazardous operations, ROW = right of way, SCADA = supervisory control and data acquisition.
J = January, F = February, M = March, A = April, M = May, J = June, J = July, A = August, S = September, O = October, N = November, D = December.
Note: The letters representing the months of each year are placed in order January to Decemb
Appraisal Estimate
Actual
Source: Gas Authority of India Limited
Appendix 8 23
ORGANIZATION CHART AND PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE
Chairman and Managing

Director
Director (Projects)
Executive Director (Projects)
Dy. General General Manager Dy. General

Manager (LPG (Pipeline) Manager
Pipeline) (Finance)
Spread 1 Spread 2 Spread 3 Spread 4 Spread 5 OIC OIC OIC Abu OIC Ajmer
In-charge In-charge In-charge In-charge In-charge RPL/EOL Samakhiali Road
Dy. = Deputy, EOL = Essar Oil Limited, OIC = officer-in-charge, RPL = Reliance Petroleum Limited.
24 Appendix 9
STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH MAJOR LOAN COVENANTS
Reference in Status of Compliance

Covenant
Loan Documents
1. The Borrower shall provide to the Asian Loan Agreement Complied with.
Development Bank (ADB) copies of all (LA), Sch. 6, para.
government agencies reports on the Projects 24
performance related to the mitigating measures
outlined in the Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA), including reports submitted by the
Borrower to the State Pollution Control Board
and the Ministry of Forest and Environment.
2. Annually, the Borrowers environment and LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
safety unit will collate the environmental 25
monitoring results and provide the same to
ADB, together with copies of environmental and
safety licenses, clearances, and permits, and
identify any special environmental concerns.
3. The Borrower, together with the Indian LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
consultant, shall conduct dynamic and hydraulic 17
simulations, to gain an understanding of the
systems behavior under a variety of flow
conditions and assist in establishing the
systems capacity. The result of such analysis
shall be compared with the contractual liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) supply and delivery
obligations in the LPG transmission contracts. A
report on the findings of the analysis and
comparison shall be provided to ADB by the
end of February 1998.
4. The Borrower, together with international LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
consultants, shall prepare a hazardous 18
operation (HAZOP) analysis of the pipeline
systems operability and safety features. The
analysis shall be carried out during the following
three stages of the Project: (i) upon completion
of the conceptual design for the Projects
facilities, (ii) upon completion of the detailed
design for the Projects facilities, and (iii) upon
completion of construction but prior to
commissioning of the Projects facilities. The
HAZOP consultant shall submit to ADB a report
on the result of the analysis at each stage.
5. The Borrower shall, by the end of April 1998, LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
provide ADB, for its review and approval, an 29
inspection plan setting out details of the scope
of work and assignment of responsibilities for
the inspection, with respect to the acceptance
of work executed under the Project. Third party
consultants shall be retained to act as
independent inspection contractors and carry
out such work.

Appendix 9 25
TableContinued
Reference in Loan Status of Compliance
Covenant
Documents
6. The Borrower shall provide ADB with its LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
annual investment plan and its proposed 5(ii) and para. 5(iv)
mode of financing, starting from fiscal year
1997/98 and for each of the following 5 years.
7. The Borrower shall maintain at all times a debt LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
service ratio of no less than 1.5:1. 5(iii)
8. The Borrower shall finance at least 30% of its LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
capital expenditures from funds generated 5(v)
from internal sources.
9. Commercial financing shall be arranged in LA, Sch. 6, para. 6 Complied with.

sufficient time to meet the financing
requirements of the Project. If the commercial
financing has not been arranged by 15
October 1998, the Borrower shall make funds
immediately available to the Project that are
equal to the amount of commercial financing
not obtained. If commercial financing is
subsequently obtained, the Borrowers
obligation to make the funds available shall be
reduced to the extent of such commercial
financing.
10. The tariff to be charged for the transmission of LA, Sch. 6, para. Complied with.
LPG shall be set so as to generate sufficient 14
revenues from the Project, on a stand-alone
basis, for (i) a minimum debt service coverage
ratio of 1.25 and (ii) a minimum post tax
internal rate of return of 13.5 %. The tariff will
also, at all times, take into account foreign
exchange movements.
11. The Borrower shall furnish ADB quarterly LA, Sec. 4.06(b) Complied with.
reports on the execution of the Project and the
operation and management of the Projects
facilities.
12. Promptly after physical completion of the LA, Sec. 4.06(c) Complied with.
Project, no later than 3 months thereafter, the
Borrower shall prepare and furnish to ADB a
report on the execution and initial operation of
the Project, including its costs; the
performance of the Borrower regarding its
obligations under the LA; and the
accomplishment of the purposes of the loan.

26 Appendix 9
TableContinued
Reference in
Status of Compliance
Covenant Loan
Documents
13. The Borrower shall (i) have its accounts and LA, Sec. Complied with.
financial statements (balance sheet, statement 4.07(a)
of income and expenses, and related
statements) audited annually, in accordance
with appropriate auditing standards consistently
applied by independent, professional auditors
whose qualifications, experience, and terms of
reference are acceptable to ADB; (ii) furnish
ADB, as soon as available but, in any event, no
later than 6 months after the end of each related
fiscal year, unaudited copies of such accounts
and financial statements and furnish ADB, no
later than 9 months after the end of each related
fiscal year, certified copies of such audited
accounts and financial statements and the
report of the auditors relating thereto (including
the auditors opinion on the use of the loan
proceeds and compliance with the covenants of
the LA), all in the English language; and (iii)
furnish ADB such further information concerning
such accounts and financial statements, and the
audit thereof, as ADB shall from time to time
reasonably request.
14. The Borrower shall enable ADB, upon ADBs LA, Sec. Complied with.
request, to discuss the Borrowers financial 4.07(b)
statements and its financial affairs from time to
time with the Borrowers auditors and shall
authorize and require any representative of
such auditors to participate in any such
discussions requested by ADB, provided that
any such discussions shall be conducted only in
the presence of an authorized officer of the
Borrower, unless the Borrower shall otherwise
agree.
15. Sec. 2.07 of the Gas Rehabilitation and Guarantee Partially complied with. The
Expansion Project (GREP) guarantee Agreement Government has taken measures to
agreement, dated 17 May 1994, between ADB (GA), Sec. divest its holding in Gas Authority of
and the Borrower is hereby amended to the 2.12 India Limited (GAIL) by 30%. The
extent that the Government shall use its best actual divestment by the Government
efforts to reduce its equity ownership in the in GAIL is 32.648%. However, out of
Borrower to no more than 70% by 31 Dec 1999 this, the divestment in favor of public
or as soon as market conditions permit. sector enterprises is to the extent of
10.918% (Oil and Natural Gas
Commission4.829%, Indian Oil
Corporation 4.829% and Life
Insurance Company1.26%) and the
actual divestment to the private
corporate sector and financial
institutions is 21.73%. GAIL stated
that, in view of the difficult capital
market conditions prevailing for the
Appendix 9 27
TableContinued
Reference in
Covenant Loan
Documents
last few years, the Government has

been unable to off-load its holdings in
the market.
16. The Borrower shall ensure that at least one-third LA, Sch. 6, Complied with.
of the Board of Directors of the Borrower are para. 9
nongovernment representatives representing a
cross section of disciplines relevant to the
operation of a private sector LPG and gas
company and that such directors shall be
appointed to the Board within 4 months of the
loans effective date.
17. The Guarantor shall from time to time take such GA, Sec. 2.06 Complied with
action as may be necessary or appropriate on and 2.07d
its part to assist the Borrower in obtaining all
land, rights of way, easements, licenses,
permits, consents, approvals, or other
clearances required, both at the state and
central level, for the expeditious execution of
the Project.
18. The Guarantor shall ensure that Cabinet GA, Sec. 2.08 Not complied with. Under the New
approval of the establishment of an and 2.09 Exploration and Licensing Policy
independent gas regulatory authority, which issued by the Government, the gas
shall operate as an autonomous body in a fair, companies are free to determine
open, and transparent manner, has been their marketing strategies, including
issued by 30 June 1999. The Guarantor pricing. In addition, the Government
represents and warrants that, at such time as is bringing a new enactment for a
an LPG, gas, or other applicable regulatory gas regulatory authority for
authority is established, due consideration shall regulating the transmission and
be given in formulating and enacting the distribution of gas, including fixing
required legislation, regulations, orders, or the price of gas and downstream
directives, to the extent possible, to maintain products.
the tariff and other terms and conditions set
forth in the LPG transmission contracts, in The establishment of a gas regulatory
order to preserve the commercial viability of the authority by the Government is at an
Project, as appraised by ADB, and the advanced stage, and an authority is
economic and financial viability of the LPG expected to be in place by the end of
transmission contracts for the Borrower and 2003.
pipeline users.
19. The Borrower shall take out and maintain with LA, Sec. Complied with.
responsible insurers, or make other 4.04(a)
arrangements satisfactory to ADB, insurance
against such risks and in such amounts as shall
be consistent with sound LPG, gas industry,
and commercial practice.

28 Appendix 9
TableContinued
Reference in
Covenant Loan
Documents
20. The Borrower and ADB shall have agreed upon LA, Sec. Complied with.
the deemed capacity of the pipeline after 6.01(a)
completion of dynamic hydraulic simulations to
establish the systems economic capacity.
21. The Borrower shall have entered into legally LA, Sec. Complied with.
binding LPG transmission contracts with respect 6.01(b).
to at least 90% of the pipelines capacity, and
the Borrower and pipeline users shall have
obtained all necessary and advisable corporate
and governmental approvals, consents, or other
clearances for such LPG transmission contracts
22. The Borrower shall have appointed international LA, Sec. Complied with.
consultants to undertake the HAZOP analysis, 6.01(c)
with the appointment, terms and conditions of
the appointment, and terms of reference
acceptable to ADB.
23. The Borrower shall have obtained the LA, Sec. Complied with.
Guarantor's approval for the borrowing of the 6.02(a)
loan and for the undertaking of the Project as
may be required by the memorandum and
articles or the laws of the Guarantor.
24. The Borrower shall have obtained all corporate LA, Sec. Complied with.
and government, whether central or state level, 6.02(b)
approvals; consents; or other clearances
required or advisable for the construction of the
pipeline and carrying out the Project, or if such
governmental approvals, consents, or other
clearances have not yet been obtained, the
opinion shall identify the approvals, consents, or
other clearances so required.
25. The Borrower shall have been granted by the LA, Sec. Complied with.
Guarantor a status equivalent to that of a 6.02(c)
Navratna and no further action is required to
confirm such status.
26. The LPG transmission contracts shall have LA, Sec. Complied with.
been duly executed and delivered by the parties 6.02(d)
thereto and constitute the parties' valid, legal,
binding, and enforceable obligations.
Appendix 10 29
SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
A. Introduction
1. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG) Pipeline Project in India was carried out by the Indian consultant for the Project sponsor,
Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL). The EIA was submitted to the Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MOEF) and taken up by its Appraisal Committee. The LPG pipeline from Jamnagar to
Loni replaced erstwhile transportation by rail and road in this sector. The pipeline consists of
1,171 km of 12-inch, 14-inch, and 16-inch pipeline; five dispatch terminals; nine tap-off points;
three intermediate booster stations; and other infrastructure.
B. Description of the Project
2. The land along the right of way (ROW) was cleared of vegetation and debris in a strip
10 meters wide on both sides of the center line of the ROW, which was reduced to 5.5 meters
near a 0.5 km stretch of mangrove swamp on the Hazira-Patan route. The pipeline was buried
at least 1 meter underground. The land on the ROW may not be used for planting trees or
building homes or any permanent structures. However, the land can be used for growing wheat,
vegetables, oil crops, and other plants. Pipeline construction across small rivers was done by
the open-cut method, and markers are placed at each stream or river crossing and turning point.
C. Description of the Environment
3. The pipeline begins in Jamnagar and continues through the salt pans of Gujarat; deserts
and wastelands of Gujarat and Rajasthan; farmlands in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Uttar
Pradesh; and along the irrigation canals in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The area is generally
thinly populated. Methane and nonmethane hydrocarbon (HC) values were measured at
different locations along the pipeline route. The average methane concentration ranged from
between 1.18 and 2.42 parts per million (ppm) and nonmethane HC between 0.09 and 2.36
ppm, which can be attributed to vehicular emissions from highways. The water quality was
analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The pH (negative logarithm of the
hydrogen ion molar concentration) of the water samples was recorded between 7.6 and 8.27,
showing the alkaline nature of the water. The dissolved oxygen content was 5.686.68
milligrams per liter. Seawater was free from odor, and its pH was in the alkaline range.
Groundwater samples were free from odor, and their pH ranged between 7.37 and 8.42. Soil
samples were collected from agricultural as well as barren lands, to assess existing soil quality.
The bulk density of soils ranged from 1.33 to 1.47 grams per cubic centimeter.
4. The pipeline does not pass through any wildlife sanctuaries or national parks. In
agricultural areas, the main crops are maize, groundnut, cotton, paddy, wheat, etc. The trees
are generally small species whose root systems cannot affect irrigation canal embankments.
The pipeline traverses an area where grazing animals are found, such as goats, sheep, camels,
and horses.
30 Appendix 10
5. The pipeline route was selected to bypass densely populated areas, villages, and
important historical sites. However, there was some impact on the influx of migrant workers,
food supply, necessities, and employment during construction. Impacts will continue during
operation and maintenance.
D. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
6. The main negative impact of the Project occurred only during construction. After
rehabilitation of the pipeline ROW, the residual impact of the Project was limited to the small
areas occupied by the markers. The pollutants released by mechanical equipment during
construction were produced for 35 days and restricted to construction sites. As the pipeline
laying operation was carried out in remote and sparsely populated areas, the noise was not a
problem. Most of the water bodies, through which pipeline crossed, are seasonal streams, and
the pipeline was laid by the open-cut method. The land required during pipeline construction
was predominantly agricultural, and proper compensation was paid to landowners for the
acquisition of the ROW and loss of crops.
7. The pipelines ROW was cleared of shrubs, undergrowth, and trees. Under the
compensatory reforestation rules of MOEF, GAIL planted two trees for every tree cut. Villagers
living along the pipeline route were given jobs during the laying of the pipeline, subject to job
availability and the skills possessed by villagers. Basic facilities and medical facilities were
provided to the nonlocal workforce.
E. Operational Phase
8. Risk analysis for the most credible accidents was carried out, and it was found that the
impact area would be confined to less than 200 meters from the pipeline. If LPG is released
from a pressurized pipeline, a substantial fraction of it flashes to vapor almost instantaneously.
The pipelines design, construction, and operation were carried out as per national and
international standards. To meet emergencies, proper warning systems for identifying
hazardous situations were developed. For efficient and satisfactory functioning of the pipeline
system, from the safety and economic points of view, the pipeline was protected against
corrosion and other potential dangers. Descaling of the pipeline was carried out regularly,
according to Oil Industry Safety Directorate norms.
9. The transport of LPG in a pipeline requires lower fuel per ton per kilometer than
transport by road. In the service area, LPG will displace kerosene and solid fuels. LPG has a
higher combustion efficiency than kerosene and other liquid or solid fuels. The compressors and
pumps will generate noise in the range of 90100 decibels, even with silencers attached. A
supervisory control and data acquisition system will be used to ensure the protection of the
pipelines integrity. The ROW will be maintained and inspected regularly, to ensure clear
visibility and easy access to valve locations.
Appendix 11 31
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS RELATED TO ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION
A. General Methodology
1. Financial evaluation of the Project was carried out on an incremental and after-tax basis.
All prices are in constant March 2003 terms. The Project commenced operations in January
2001, and it is assumed that the Project will have an operating life of 30 years. No salvage value
is expected at the end of this period. The Project is expected to generate economic benefits
through reductions in the cost of transporting liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) between domestic
refineries and bottling plants in the northern region. The economic capital cost of the Project is
based on the financial capital costs and excludes duties, taxes, and other financial changes.
The local currency costs are adjusted by using a standard conversion factor of 0.8. Pipeline
operating costs, in economic terms, were estimated using the price for diesel, the standard
conversion factor, and the shadow wage rate and shadow prices for both electricity and water.
As a result, the economic cost per ton-kilometer of LPG haulage works out to be Rs1.88.
B. Costs
2. The Projects actual capital costs amount to $248.98 million, and the component of
ADBs loan equals $98.19 million. While the fixed costs are estimated at Rs44.59 million per
annum, the variable costs (which will vary from year to year) for 2003/04 are estimated to be
Rs22.71 million.
C. Revenues
3. LPG transportation charges are recognized as sales revenues at a level tariff of Rs1.27
per ton-kilometer, with effect from 2000/01 and an annual escalation of 2%. Sales volume is
considered to be 88% of the pipelines total capacity during FY2003 and is expected to reach
100% by the FY2007, with an almost constant increase.
D. Income Tax
4. Even though carry forward losses exist (which are allowable up to a maximum of 8
years), a minimum alternate tax rate of 12.9% on book net profit is applicable under Indian law,
whenever book net income is positive. Otherwise, the income tax rate of 35% is applicable.
E. Internal Rates of Return
5. On the basis of a comparison of economic costs and benefits over a 30-year project
lifetime, the Project has an economic internal rate of return (EIRR) of 31.48%. No account was
taken in this analysis of the additional investments in road or rail capacity that the Project
renders unnecessary, which represent benefits to the Project that are not quantified. Similarly,
no account was taken of the savings in road maintenance expenditure and operating costs of all
road vehicles that result from slower pavement deterioration than would have occurred if LPG
were transported by road. The Project is also expected to achieve a healthy financial internal
rate of return (FIRR) of 15.22%, after taxes (17.63% before taxes, at the present tax rate of
35%).
32 Appendix 11
F. Environmental Benefits
6. The Project is expected to generate additional economic benefits over and above the
direct transport cost savings. Transporting a given volume of LPG through the pipeline requires
the use of substantially less hydrocarbon fuel than transporting the same volume by road. In
addition, the volume of noxious emissions and particulate matter that can be inhaled, resulting
from burning hydrocarbon fuels, will be less if the Project is pursued than if it were not. On the
basis of available estimates of diesel fuel consumption in road transport and the diesel fuel
requirements for operating the pipeline, hydrocarbon fuel usage with the pipeline will be around
10% of the level that will be required to transport the same volume of LPG by road. The
environmental benefits are not considered in calculating EIRR, due to a lack of required data.
7. The EIRR and FIRR are given in Appendix 12.

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Table A12.1: Financial Internal Rate of Return
(All figures are in 2003 prices and Rs million, unless otherwise stated)
Sales Revenue Incremental Operating Cost Net Cash Flow

Fiscal Incremental Sales Unit price Total Variable Fixed Total Cash Income Cash Inflow Capital After Tax Before
Year MMTPA MMT-km Rs/T-km Revenue Cost Cost Cost Inflow Tax After Tax Investment Tax
before tax
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (4,633) (4,633) (4,633)
2000 0.10 99 1.27 125 0.30 2.50 3 122 0 114 (5,026) (4,912) (4,912)
2001 1.30 1,372 1.30 1,777 181 307 488 1,289 0 1,244 (457) 787 787
2002 1.00 1,094 1.32 1,446 130 186 316 1,130 0 1,130 0 1,130 1,130
2003 1.50 1,601 1.35 2,158 227 446 673 1,485 0 1,485 0 1,485 1,485
2004 1.52 1,780 1.37 2,447 227 446 673 1,774 0 1,774 0 1,774 1,774
2005 1.58 1,850 1.40 2,594 227 446 673 1,921 0 1,921 0 1,921 1,921
2006 1.64 1,920 1.43 2,747 227 446 673 2,074 0 2,074 0 2,074 2,074
2007 1.70 1,991 1.46 2,904 227 446 673 2,231 0 2,231 0 2,231 2,231
2008 1.70 1,991 1.49 2,962 227 446 673 2,289 801 1,488 0 1,488 2,289
2009 1.70 1,991 1.52 3,021 227 446 673 2,348 822 1,526 0 1,526 2,348
2010 1.70 1,991 1.55 3,082 227 446 673 2,409 843 1,566 0 1,566 2,409
2011 1.70 1,991 1.58 3,143 227 446 673 2,470 865 1,606 0 1,606 2,470
2012 1.70 1,991 1.61 3,206 227 446 673 2,533 887 1,647 0 1,647 2,533
2013 1.70 1,991 1.64 3,270 227 446 673 2,597 909 1,688 0 1,688 2,597
2014 1.70 1,991 1.68 3,336 227 446 673 2,663 932 1,731 0 1,731 2,663
2015 1.70 1,991 1.71 3,403 227 446 673 2,730 955 1,774 0 1,774 2,730
2016 1.70 1,991 1.74 3,471 227 446 673 2,798 979 1,818 0 1,818 2,798
2017 1.70 1,991 1.78 3,540 227 446 673 2,867 1,003 1,864 0 1,864 2,867
2018 1.70 1,991 1.81 3,611 227 446 673 2,938 1,028 1,910 1,910 2,938
2019 1.70 1,991 1.85 3,683 227 446 673 3,010 1,054 1,957 1,957 3,010
2020 1.70 1,991 1.89 3,757 227 446 673 3,084 1,079 2,004 2,004 3,084
2021 1.70 1,991 1.92 3,832 227 446 673 3,159 1,106 2,053 2,053 3,159
2022 1.70 1,991 1.96 3,909 227 446 673 3,236 1,132 2,103 2,103 3,236
2023 1.70 1,991 2.00 3,987 227 446 673 3,314 1,160 2,154 2,154 3,314
2024 1.70 1,991 2.04 4,066 227 446 673 3,393 1,188 2,206 2,206 3,393
2025 1.70 1,991 2.08 4,148 227 446 673 3,475 1,216 2,259 2,259 3,475
2026 1.70 1,991 2.13 4,231 227 446 673 3,558 1,245 2,313 2,313 3,558
2027 1.70 1,991 2.17 4,315 227 446 673 3,642 1,275 2,368 2,368 3,642
2028 1.70 1,991 2.21 4,402 227 446 673 3,729 1,305 2,424 2,424 3,729
2029 1.70 1,991 2.26 4,490 227 446 673 3,817 1,336 2,481 2,481 3,817
Appendix 12
2030 1.70 1,991 2.30 4,579 227 446 673 3,906 1,367 2,539 2,539 3,906
2031 1.70 1,991 2.35 4,671 227 446 673 3,998 1,399 2,599 2,599 3,998
Financial Internal Rate of Return 15.22% After Tax

Financial Internal Rate of Return 17.63% Before Tax
MMT-km = million metric tons per kilometer, MMTPA = million metric tons per annum, Rs/t-km = rupees per ton kilometer.
33
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
34
Table A12.2: Economic Internal Rate of Return
(All figures are in 2003 prices and Rs million, unless otherwise stated)
Appendix 12
Pipeline Operating Net Cash
Fiscal Capital Throughput Road Cost Variable Fixed Cost Total Cost Cost Total Flow
Year Investment MMTPA Cost Savings Benefits
MMT-Km
1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999 3706.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (3,706)
2000 4020.8 0.10 99 203 0 2 2 201 201 (3,820)
2001 365.6 1.30 1,372 2,830 144 246 390 2,440 2,440 2,074
2002 1.00 1,094 2,258 104 149 253 2,005 2,005 2,005
2003 1.50 1,601 3,304 182 357 538 2,766 2,766 2,766
2004 1.52 1,780 3,673 182 357 538 3,134 3,134 3,134
2005 1.58 1,850 3,817 182 357 538 3,279 3,279 3,279
2006 1.64 1,920 3,962 182 357 538 3,424 3,424 3,424
2007 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2008 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2009 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2010 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2011 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2012 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2013 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2014 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2015 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2016 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2017 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2018 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2019 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2020 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2021 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2022 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2023 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2024 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2025 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2026 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2027 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2028 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2029 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2030 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
2031 1.70 1,991 4,107 182 357 538 3,569 3,569 3,569
Economic Internal Rate of Return 31.48%

MMT-km = million metric ton per kilometer, MMTPA = million metric tons per annum.
Appendix 13 35
SUMMARY OF TRAINING COURSES
Course Code Course Level Manpower Person-days
LPG P/L-Tr-01 Operation and maintenance of cross- J to M 20 200

country liquefied petroleum gas
pipeline
LPG P/L-Tr-02 Operation and maintenance of J to M 20 200
booster stations
LPG P/L-Tr-03 Operation and maintenance of J to S 33 345
supervisory control and data
acquisition and application software
systems
LPG P/L-Tr-04 Concept technology, installation, and J to S 22 590
operation and maintenance of various
telecommunications systems
LPG P/L-Tr-05 Operation and maintenance of J to M 10 75
instrumentation systems and flow
measurements
LPG P/L-Tr-06 Emergency Response and Disaster J to S 19 171
Management
LPG P/L-Tr-07 Exposure to similar operating M and above 20 200
pipelines in the world
LPG P/L-Tr-08 Training of technicians in the operator O to J 20 200
grade
LPG P/L-Tr-09 Procurement and financial issues in J to M 6 60
Asian Development Bank-funded
projects
LPG P/L-Tr-11 Exposure to the end users for similar J and above 10 100
pipelines
LPG P/L-Tr-12 Safety management in operation, J to M 11 110
maintenance, repair, fire fighting, fire
prevention, and fire protection
LPG P/L-Tr-13 Hazardous operations analysis J to M 11 165
LPG P/L-Tr-14 Training for trainers J to M 5 75
LPG P/L-Tr-15 Total quality management M and above 4 60
LPG P/L-Tr-16 Inspection of the pipeline system, J to M 5 75
components, and specifications
LPG P/L-Tr-17 Legal and regulatory issues in the J to M 3 30
power and energy sector.
Development of a high-pressure liquid J and above 10 100
hydrocarbon handling training facility
Total 229 1581

J = deputy manager level, M = deputy general manager level, O = operator level, S = level above M.
36 Appendix 14
POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO PRICING IN THE GAS SECTOR
A. Background
1. In India, the demand for natural gas has grown exponentially over the last 15 years, and
the supply has been linked to domestic availability. Against an availability of around 67 million
standard cubic meters per day (MMSCMD), the demand is likely to rise to about 120 MMSCMD
by 2020. Until about a year ago, the Government planned to meet the growing demand through
importing natural gas via pipelines (the potential suppliers being Bangladesh, Iran, and
Myanmar) and/or importing liquefied natural gas (LNG). Accordingly, restrictions on imports of
gas were removed and import duties slashed. However, with the discovery of a large amount of
natural gas, made by Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) in the KG basin (currently anticipated
by RPL to consist of roughly 14 trillion cubic feet of in-place gas reserves) and prospects of
further discoveries in the eastern and western offshore areas of India, the Government and the
private sector will have to again evaluate plans for imports of natural gas, particularly of LNG. A
clearer picture is likely to emerge in 1 or 2 years.
2. The most critical issue regarding the future demand of natural gas is the commoditys
price. Fed on a diet of subsidized gas prices, the Indian consumer is yet to be faced with the
prospect of paying realistic prices. About 80% of the gas consumed in India is consumed by the
power and fertilizer sectors. Prices for these two commodities are subsidized, and political
exigencies make it difficult for the Government to reduce or remove the subsidies in these
sectors. This makes it difficult for the Government to free natural gas from the Administered
Pricing Mechanism, although several high-level committees set up by the Government have
strongly advocated freeing the sector from pricing controls. The recent recommendation of the
Group of Ministers for an increase of Rs350 per metric cubic meter (MCM), approved by the
Cabinet, may improve the bottom line of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). However,
the increased gas price is still not remunerative to ONGC, especially because ONGC is making
huge investments in activities designed to produce oil discoveries in deep waters, which were
outlined in the Tenth 5-Year Plan.
3. Natural gas can be imported either through terrestrial or subsea pipelines or in the form
of LNG, where gas is transferred in a liquefied form, transported, and subsequently regasified
for distribution. India is considering various proposals for importing gas through pipelines. Many
LNG projects have been announced in the recent past, and some of the projects are in the
advanced stages of completion. The potential demand for imported gas is estimated at 56
MMSCMD by FY2007, which is expected to be met by LNG imports of around 15 million tons
(equivalent to 56.7 MMSCMD). LNG pricing is expected to be a crucial factor, as the main gas
consumers are power and fertilizer units. With such a consumer profile in India, LNG prices are
likely to be benchmarked against other fuels, such as coal (in the case of power generation),
and the substitution price (in the case of the fertilizer industry).
Appendix 14 37
B. Current Scenario
4. The price of natural gas in India is currently based on a pooling concept, with the pooled
or consumer price fixed by the Government. The consumer price of natural gas is currently
subsidized, with the subsidy being borne entirely by the nationalized companies receiving
suboptimal prices for their production of natural gas. The private sector joint ventures, on the
contrary, receive international prices for the natural gas they produce. Based on Expert
Committee recommendations, the Government has partly dismantled the Administered Price
Mechanism for the calculation of consumer prices, and a new pricing mechanism was put into
effect from 1 October 1997 to 31 March 2000, according to which the consumer price of gas at
landfall points was linked to the price of a basket of low sulfur heavy stock fuel oils. A discount
of Rs300 per MCM will also be available for existing consumers in the northeast, on a case by
case basis.
5. The 1997 gas pricing order stipulates that the consumer price for natural gas (the
consumer price) is a floating price linked to an international basket of fuel oils (the international
reference price) that is determined and fixed quarterly by GAIL, based on the methodology laid
down by the Government. This consumer price was 55%, 65%, and 75% of the international
reference price in the fiscal years that ended on 31 March 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively.
The consumer price is, however, subject to both a ceiling price of Rs2,850 per MCM and a floor
price of Rs2,150 per MCM and is linked to calorific value of 10,000 kilocalories per kilogram. For
gas having a lower or higher calorific content, the consumer price will increase or decrease
proportionately. This pricing, which was valid up to 31 March 2000, has been continued.
6. As far as LPG is concerned, its price is subsidized to the extent of 30% of the cost of
production. This subsidy is met from the Oil Pool Account of the Government, contributed by the
National Oil Companies by way of cross-subsidization. The retail selling price of packed LPG in
India is lower than that in countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
C. Future Scenario
7. The Government has yet to decide the price of natural gas, which was due on 1 April
2002. The National Oil Companies have indicated that the present prices are not remunerative
and do not encourage investment, unless producer prices are increased substantially, which
would include the correction of an anomaly in the purchase of gas from joint ventures that is
indirectly deducted from ONGCs due. The Group of Ministers has recommended an increase of
Rs350 per MCM in the price of gas (a 12% increase) and suggested that the Tariff Committee
submit its gas price and transport tariff report within 6 months. The recommendation and
suggestion await the Cabinets approval.
8. Private sector joint ventures, on the contrary, receive international prices for the natural
gas they produce. With production of such joint ventures likely to increase in the medium term,
continuing a pooled pricing mechanism will further increase under recoveries by the National Oil
Companies, unless consumer prices rise significantly. Overall there appears to be a strong case
for a gas price increase.
38 Appendix 14
9. The LPG subsidy was Rs672.4 million (corresponding to Rs150.55 for each 14.2-
kilogram cylinder) in FY2001 and has increased every year, due to increases in the cost of
production and increases in LPG connections. Since the oil pool account has been dismantled,
as a result of the Administered Price Mechanism, the direct burden is on the Governments
exchequer. Prices of LPG will rise once these subsidies are withdrawn.
10. The Government introduced the Petroleum Regulatory Board Bill 2002 in May 2002 for
the approval of Parliament. The bill aims to establish a petroleum regulatory board that will
regulate the refining, processing, storage, transportation, distribution, marketing, and sale of
petroleum products, excluding the production of crude oil and natural gas, to protect the
interests of consumers and entities engaged in specified activities relating to petroleum and
petroleum products, ensure uninterrupted and adequate supply of petroleum and petroleum
products in all parts of the country, promote competitive markets, and undertake other related or
incidental matters. The bill was referred to a standing committee that submitted its
recommendations and comments on the draft bill. These recommendations and comments are
currently being processed by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and will later be
considered by the Parliament.

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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

LPG PIPELINE PROJECT

Currency Unit Indian rupee/s (Re/Rs)

At Appraisal At Project Completion

ADB Asian Development Bank

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

bm3 (billion cubic meter) 1,000,000,000 m3

(ii) In this report, $ refers to US dollars.

II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 2

III. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE 9

IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12

3. Date of Board Approval 16 December 1997

4. Date of Loan Agreement 11 December 1998

5. Date of Loan Effectiveness

Initial Disbursement Final Disbursement Time Interval

Effective Date Original Closing Date Time Interval

4 May 1999 3 November 2001 31 months

Last Net Undis-

1. Project Cost ($ million)

Cost Appraisal Estimate Actual

Foreign Exchange Cost 208.80 129.00

2. Financing Plan ($ million)

Appraisal Estimate Actual

3. Cost Breakdown by Project Components ($ million)

Appraisal Estimate Actual

C. Interest During 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75

Total 208.80 155.60 364.40 129.00 119.98 248.98

Appraisal Estimate Actual

5. Project Performance Report Ratings

HS = highly satisfactory, S = satisfactory.

C. Data on Asian Development Bank Missions

No. of No. of Specialization

II. EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

7. The main events in project implementation are given chronologically in Appendix 1.

A. Relevance of Design and Formulation

8. The hydrocarbon sector in India is critical to infrastructure development. An efficient

1. Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni

2. Pumps at LPG Input Station and Booster Pumps

3. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and Telecommunications

1. Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni

3. Installation of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and

G. Conditions and Covenants

H. Related Technical Assistance

33. No technical assistance is related to this Project.

I. Consultant Recruitment and Procurement

J. Performance of Consultants, Contractors, and Suppliers

K. Performance of the Borrower and Executive Agency

L. Performance of the Asian Development Bank

III. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE

B. Efficacy in Achievement of Purpose

C. Efficiency in Achievement of Outputs and Purpose

D. Preliminary Assessment of Sustainability

E. Environmental, Sociocultural, and Other Impacts

IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

c. Further Action or Follow-up

e. Timing of Project Performance Audit Report

CHRONOLOGY OF MAIN EVENTS IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

COST BREAKDOWN BY PROJECT COMPONENTS

C. Interest During 32.00 2.55 34.54 4.80 4.95 9.75

Total 208.80 155.60 364.40 129.00 119.98 248.98

0001 02 Supply of Line Pipes 27,264,530 27,264,530