LOWER LIMB

THIGH- ANTERIOR

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Rectus Femoris AIIS Tibial Tuberosity Femoral N Femoral Art Knee Extensor
(Quadriceps Tendon) Hip Flexor
Vastus Medialis Medial to Linea Aspera Tibial Tuberosity Femoral N Femoral Art Knee Extensor
(Quadriceps Tendon)
Vastus Intermedialis Front of femoral shaft Tibial Tuberosity Femoral N Femoral Art Knee Extensor
(Quadriceps Tendon)
Vastus Lateralis Lateral to Linea Aspera Tibial Tuberosity Femoral N Femoral Art Knee Extensor
(Quadriceps Tendon)
Sartorius* ASIS Medial Tibia Femoral N Femoral Art Hip + knee flexor
Hip lateral rotator
+abductor
Pectineus Pecten of pubis Spiral line of femur Femoral N Obturator Art Hip adductor
(sometimes Obturator Hip flexor + medial
N) rotator
THIGH-POSTERIOR

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Semimembranous Ischial Tuberosity Medial Tibial Tibial N Perforating Arteries Knee Flexor
Epicondyle from Profunda Femoris Hip Extensor
Semitendinous* Ischial Tuberosity Medial Tibia Tibial N Perforating Arteries Knee Flexor
from Profunda Femoris Hip Extensor
Biceps Femoris Long head- Ischial Head of fibula Tibial N Perforating Arteries Knee Flexor
Tuberosity (Short head-peroneal from Profunda Femoris Hip Extensor
Short Head- Lateral N)
shaft of femur

THIGH-MEDIAL

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Adductor Mangus Pubic Bone Linea Aspera Obturator N Obturator Art Hip Adductor
Hamstring portion- Hamstring Portion-
adductor tubercle, Tibial N
medial epicondyle of
tibia
Adductor Brevis Pubic Bone Linea Aspera? Obturator N Obturator Art Hip Adductor
Adductor Longus Pubic Bone Linea Aspera? Obturator N Obturator Art Hip Adductor
Gracilis* Pubic Bone Medial Tibia Obturator N Obturator Art Hip Adductor
Flex knee +hip
Medial hip rotator
Obturator Externus Obturator Membrane Trochanteric Fossa Obturator N Obturator Art External hip rotator
*Pes Anserinus
GLUTEAL REGION

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Gluteus Maximus Iliac Crest- behind Gluteal tuberosity Inf Gluteal N Sup and Inf Gluteal Hip Extensor
posterior gluteal line (upper femur shaft) and Arts (knee extension via
to iliotibial tract iliotiial tract)
Gluteus Medius Iliac Crest- between Greater trochanter Sup Gluteal N Sup Gluteal Art Hip abductor
anterior and posterior (more post than Stabilises in walking
gluteal lines minimus)
Gluteus Minimus Iliac Crest- below Greater trochanter Sup Gluteal N Sup Gluteal Art Hip abductor
anterior line and above Stabilises in walking
inferior line
Tensor Fascia Lata ASIS ANT Iliotibial Tract Sup Gluteal N Hip FLEXION
Knee extension via
iliotibial tract
Piriformis ANT Sacrum Trochanteric fossa Nerve to piriformis (S1- Important Landmark
3) Hip Lateral Rotator
Superior Gemellus Trochanteric fossa Hip Lateral Rotator
Obturator Internus Obturator foreman and Obturator Internus N Hip Lateral Rotator
membrane (L5-S2)
Inferior Gemellus Trochanteric fossa Hip Lateral Rotator
Quadratus femoris Ischial Tuberosity Quadrate Tubercle on Quadratus Femoris N Hip Lateral Rotator
Femur (L4-S1)

LEG- ANTERIOR

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Tibialis Anterior Lateral Tibia Medial cuneiform and Deep Fibular N Anterior Tibial Art Dorsi Flexion and
base of 1st metatarsal inversion
Extensor Hallucis Fibula and interosseous 1st distal phalanx Deep Fibular N Anterior Tibial Art Extends all joints it
Longus membrane crosses especially 1st IPJ
 (Dorsi Flexion)
th
Extensor Digitorum Fibula and interosseous 2-5 distal phalanges Deep Fibular N Anterior Tibial Art Extends all joints it
Longus membrane (Superior to crosses especially 2-5th
EHL) IPJ (Dorsi Flexion)
Tibialis Tertius 5th Metatarsal Deep Fibular N Anterior Tibial Art Deficient in many

LEG-LATERAL

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Fibularis Longus Lateral Fibular Under LAT Malleolus,
under tarsal bones to
medial cuneiform and
base of 1st metatarsal
Fibularis Brevis Lateral Fibular (below Styloid process of 5th
FL) metatarsal
Superficial Fibular N Perforating Arts from Plantar Flexion and
of Fibular Art eversion
Superficial Fibular N Perforating Arts from Plantar Flexion and
of Fibular Art eversion

LEG-POSTERIOR

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

SUPERFICIAL
Gastrocnemius Above knee joint Tendocalcaneous Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Flexes knee and plantar
flexion
Soleus Below knee joint Tendocalcaneous Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Plantar Flexion
Plantaris Lateral femoral Medial to Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Deficient in many- used
epicondyle tendocalcaneous in tendon replacement
surgery
DEEP
Tibialis Posterior Interosseous Navicular tuberosity Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Plantar Flexion and
membrane inversion
Flexor Hallucis Longus Fibular Distal Phalanx of 1st Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Plantar Flexion
digit
 Flexor Digitorum Tibia Distal Phalanx of 2-5th Tibial N Posterior Tibial Art Plantar flexion
Longus digits

UPPER LIMB
SHOULDER MUSCLES

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Pectoralis Major Clavicular= Medial Greater Tubercle (crest) Lateral and medial Adducts the arm
Anterior Clavicle Pectoral N Medially rotates the
Sternal Part= sterna arm
and costal cartilages 2- Can contribute to
6 inspiration
Pectoralis Minor 3-5th ribs Coracoid Process Medial Pectoral N Lowers and rotates
scapula
Trapezius Descending part = - descending part - Spinal Accessory N Stabilizes the scapula
superior nuchal line, lateral 1/3 of and shoulder
occipital protuberance, clavicle girdle
nuchal ligament - transverse part - When active, pulls
Transverse part = C7-T3 acromial end of scapula towards
(spinous processes, scapula, acromion, vertebral column
supraspinous scapular spine Contributes to arm
ligaments) - ascending part - elevation (shrug)
Ascending part = T3- triangular portion of
T12 scapular spine
Deltoid Clavicular head = lateral Deltoid Tuberosity Axillary N Abducts arm 30-90
1/3 of the clavicle degrees
Acromial head = clavicular head + 1/2
acromium acromial fibres
Spinal head =lower flex the arm
border of the scapular Spinal head + 1/2
 spine acromial fibres
extend the arm
SWINGS the arm
Latissimus Dorsi Vertebral part =T7-T12 Lesser Tubercle Thoracodorsal N Lowers and adducts the
Costal part = 10th-12th raised arm
ribs Medial rotation
Scapular part = inferior Forced expiration and
Angle coughing
-Thoracolumbar fascia Pull shoulders
backwards and
downwards
Rhomboid Major Medial Scapular Margin
Caudal to minor
Rhomboid Minor Medial Scapular Margin
Levator Scapulae C1-4 Superior Angle of Elevates Scapula
Scapula
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Upper Facet of Greater Suprascapular N Abducts the Arm (0-30
Tubercle degrees) Rotator Cuff
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa and Middle Facet of Greater Suprascapular N Rotator Cuff
scapula spine Tubercle External Arm Rotation
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser Tubercle Subscapular N Rotator Cuff
Medial Arm Rotator
Teres Major Lateral Scapula Border Lesser Tubercle Lower Subscapular N
Superior to major
Teres Minor Lateral Scapula Border Lower Facet of Greater Axillary N Rotator Cuff
Tubercle Weak Lateral Rotator
Serattus Anterior Ribs 1-8 Medial Scapular Margin Long thoracic nerve Pulls Scapula forwards
Allows lateral rotation
and elevation of the
arm

ARM MUSCLES
 NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION
Coracobrachialis Coracoid Process Mid humerus Musculocutaneous N Flexes and adducts at
shoulder (and resists
dislocation)
Brachialis Mid humerus Ulnar Tuberosity Musculocutaneous N Main at elbow flexor
Biceps Brachii Short head: Coracoid Raidal Tuberosity Musculocutaneous N Flex at elbow (and
process (aponeurosis to skin shoulder) and
Long head: and fascia on medial Supination
Supraglenoid Process side)
Triceps Bracii Long head: infraglenoid Olecranon process and Radial N Extends at elbow (and
process forearm fascia shoulder)
Lateral head: Sup to (also resists dislocation)
radial groove
Medial head: Inf to
radial groove

FOREARM- FLEXORS

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

SUPEPEFICIAL
Pronator Teres Medial Epicondyle and Mid radius Median N Pronation and flexes at
medial coronoid elbow
process (ulna)
Flexor Carpi Radials Medial Epicondyle Base of index and Median N Flexes and abducts
middle metacarpals hand at wrist
Palmaris Longus Medial Epicondyle Palmar Aponeurosis Median N Tenses palamar
aponeurosis andf flexes
hand at wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Medial Epicondyle and Pisiform (Hook of Ulnar N Flexes and adducts
medial olecranon Hamate and 5th hand at wrist
metacarpal)
Flexor Dititorum Medial Epicondyle and Middle phalanges on Median N Flexs
 Superficialis ulnar/radial borders 2nd-5th digits Metacarpoplalangeal
joint and proximal IPJ
DEEP
nd
Flexor Digitorum Ulnar and interosseous Distal Phalanges on 2 - ANT Interosseous N Flexes distal IPJ and at
Profundus membrane 5th digits (Median N) all joints it crosses
Flexor Pollicis Longus Radius and 1st distal Phalanx ANT Interosseous N Flexes and abducts IPJ
interosseous (Median N)
membrane
Pronator Quadratum Distal Ulna Distal Radius ANT Interosseous N Pronation
(Median N)

FOREARM- EXTENSORS

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

THE MOBILE WAD
Brachioradialis Lateral Supracondylar Distal Radius Radial N Elbow flexor and brings
ridge to mid pronation and
supiantion
Extensor Carpi Radialis Lateral Supracondylar Base of 2nd Metacarpal Radial N Extends and abducts at
Longus ridge wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Lateral Epicondyle Base of 3rd Metacarpal Radial N Extends and abducts at
Brevis wrist
THE CROWD
Extensor Digitorum Lateral Epicondyle Digital Extensor POST Interosseous N Extends 2nd- 5th
Expansions 2-5 (Radial N) phalanges at IPJs and
MPJs
Extensor Digiti Minimi Lateral Epicondyle Digital Extensor POST Interosseous N Extends 5th phalanx at
Expansion 5 (Radial N) IPJ and MPJ
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Lateral Epicondyle and Base of 5th metacarpal POST Interosseous N Extends hand at wrist
Posterior Ulna (Radial N) and fist clenching
Extensor Indicis Distal 1/3 of ulna 2nd Extensor Expansion POST Interosseous N Extends 2nd digit and
Proprius (Radial N) hand at wrist
THE THUMB TRIO
Abductor Pollicus Middle radius and Base of 1st Metacarpal POST Interosseous N Extends and abducts
Longus interosseous (Radial N) carpometacarpal joint
membrane
Extensor Pollicus Brevis Distal Ulna and Proximal Thumb POST Interosseous N Extends
interosseous phalanx (Radial N) metacarpophalangeal
membrane joint and
carpometacarpal joint
Extensor Pollicus Middle Ulna and Distal Thumb Phalanx POST Interosseous N Extends IPJ and helps at
Longus interosseous (Radial N) all joints it crossed and
membrane abducts thumb

FOREARM- SUPINATORS

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Supinator Lateral Humeral Lateral proximal 1/3 of Radial N (Deep) Supinates
Epicodyle, Radial radius and supinator
collateral Lig and crest of ulnar
Annualr Lig
Biceps Brachii Short head: Coracoid Raidal Tuberosity Musculocutaneous N Flex elbow (and
process (aponeurosis to skin shoulder) and
Long head: and fascia on medial Supination
Supraglenoid Process side)

FOREARM- PRONATORS

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

 Pronator Teres Medial Epicondyle and Mid radius Median N Pronation and flexes at
medial coronoid elbow
process (ulna)
Pronator Quadratum Distal Ulna Distal Radius ANT Interosseous N Pronation

HAND

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION BLOOD SUPPLY FUNCTION

Interossei From metacarpals Deep Ulnar N Flex MCJs and Extend
Palmar= 3 single headed 2,4 and 5th IPJs
Dorsal= 4 double headed Adducts and abducts
digits
Lumbricles From tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus 1+2= Median N Flex MCJs and Extend
1-2= single headed from 2 and 3rd tendon 3+4= Ulna N IPJs
th
3-4= double headed from 3 ,4 and 5 tendons
THENAR
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Retinaculum Base of proximal thumb Median N Thenar Eminence
(2 heads) phalanx Flexes thumb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Retinaculum Lateral proximal thumb Median N Thenar Eminence
phalanx base Abduts and helps
oppose thumb
Opponens Pollicis Flexor Retinaculum Lateral 1st metacarpal Median N Thenar Eminence
Opposes and medially
rotates thumb
Adductor Pollicis Oblique Head- 2-3 Medial Proximal 1st Ulnar N Adducts thumb
metacarpals and phalanx base
capitate
Transverse Head-
Anterior 3rd metacarpal
HYPOTHENAR
Flexor Digiti Minimi Hook of hamate and Medial base of 5th Ulnar N Flexes 5th digit proximal
Brevis Flexor retinaculum proximal phalanx MPJ
Abductor Digiti Minimi Pisiform Medial base of 5th Ulnar N Abducts 5th digit (and
proximal phalanx assists flexion)
Opponens Digiti Minimi Hook of hamate and 5th Metcarpal Ulnar N Opposition
Flexor retinaculum