University of San Carlos

School of Business and Economics

Department of Hospitality Management

A Thesis Proposal

Factors that Motivates BTM Students of USC to Travel

Prepared by:
Dessa Rae Piasan
Mary Chris Melencion
Betty Cadavid
Resil Mae Quiles
Jahaziel Melicor

Submitted to:
Ms. Cecile Gantalao

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled "Factors that Motivates People to Travel Cebu" prepared and
submitted by Betty Cadavid, Mary Chris Melencion, Jahaziel Melicor, Dessa Rae
Piasan, Resil Mae Quiles, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BA109, TOURISM RESEARCH METHODS & TECHNIQUES, has been reviewed by the
Panel of Examiners and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

CECIL SALAHUDIN GANTALAO

Adviser

____________________________ ________________________
Examiner Examiner

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BA109, TOURISM RESEARCH METHODS & TECHNIQUES.

_______________________________________________________
Chair, Department of Hospitality Management

_______________________________________________________
Dean, School of Business and Economics

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Table of Contents
Title page 1
Type chapter title (level 2) 2
Type chapter title (level 3) 3
Type chapter title (level 1) 4
Type chapter title (level 2) 5
Type chapter title (level 3) 6

I. INTRODUCTION

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II. Rationale
Everyone have their own motivations for travelling. Whats the biggest mistake
that travel professionals make? To believe that what they like, everyone else will like as
well. Maybe youre the type of person who adores classical music, but hates lying on
the beach. So, you favor such destinations as Vienna and Milan, but not Hawaii or the
Caribbean. After all, doesnt everyone enjoy a concert by the Vienna Boys Choir or an
opera at Milans La Scala? No. Each place attracts its own type of visitor. Matching
destination with traveler type is the key to sensitive, efficient, and profitable marketing
and selling. Tourism is a favorite leisure activity. The motivation which causes someone
to choose a certain activity and a destination for vacation is an interesting issue, which
allows for a better understanding of peoples behavior in the area of leisure spending.
The reasons behind why people choose a destination over another have been the topic
of many researchers and are important considerations for both planners and managers
of tourism industry. Moreover, the tourism industry plays a vital role to the economy of
Cebu in general, because of the importance of tourism in the economy of the city there
is a high need for research. In line with this, the researchers have decided to know the
type of travelers most BTM students of the University of San Carlos are.

III. Review of related literature

Tourists whose primary motivation is leisure, can be subdivided into many types. One
approach categorizes leisure travelers into 12 groups:
History buffs primarily want to learn about a destinations past. They see
travel as a way to experience what theyve studied and read about.
Culture seekers are fascinated by different ways of life. Theyre intrigued by
how other people express their culture via distinctive customs, food, art, and
so on.
Ethnic travelers are like culture seekers, but they wish, above all, to explore
the culture from which their ancestors came.
Religious pilgrims seek an experience tied to their spiritual beliefs.

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 Environmental travelers are drawn to scenery and the beauty of places and
include two important subsets: ecotourists, who wish to see places such as
the Brazilian rainforest, where fl ora and fauna are endangered; and campers,
who like to experience a natural place (though it might be from a well-
insulated RV).
Recreational travelers wish to participate in such mass-appeal sports as
golf, tennis, snorkeling, or skiing.
Adventure seekers prefer more demanding and hardy sports or activities,
such as white-water rafting, surfi ng, mountain hiking, or divingfrequently in
off-the-beatenpath locations. Their tastes can even run to true physical
challenges, such as mountain climbing or skydiving. This is called hard
adventure travel, in contrast to more mainstream soft adventure tourism.
Entertainment seekers are drawn to activities such as dancing, partying,
gambling, and nightclub shows. Their tastes can also run to more serious
entertainment, such as theater and concert performances.
Shoppers love to buy things on trips, and are perhaps a subset of the
previous categories, because they view purchasing as entertainment or
adventure.
Sensual travelers wish to indulge their senses via, say, gourmet dining,
sunbathing, or a stay at a spa.
Status Seekers travel to trendy, often expensive destination, and
sometimes bring back significant purchases.
Interpersonal Traveler voyage primarily to socialize and meet people.

FACTORS THAT MOTIVATE VISITORS

Among the factors that will pique interest in New England are:
It has a historic heritage and plenty of cultural and educational opportunities.
Travel outside Boston, especially during the off-season, is quite affordable.
Sceneryboth seaside and mountainis impressive.
Driving around is very easy, especially outside Boston.
The region is very close to New York and Canada.
Cruises afford an efficient way to see the coastal towns.

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 The fine food of the area (especially the seafood) has a renowned reputation
and is reasonable.
Excellent skiing facilities exist in Vermont, Massachusetts, and New
Hampshire.
The summer beaches and water-sport opportunities are quite good,
especially along the southern coast and Cape Cod.
The fall foliage season is beautiful. (Make sure to book early!)

Those who wish to visit New York City will probably want to do so for the following
reasons:
Theres a remarkable wealth of tourist attractions.
There are numerous transportation options into and out of the city.
The shopping is extraordinary; as one brochure puts it, If you cant find it in
New York, it doesnt exist.
New York City is home to more corporations and hosts more conventions than
any other U.S. city.
No city has a greater variety of choices for fine dining and nightlife.
The citys museums are among the worlds greatest.
Christmas time is festive.
Theres a constant stream of major sporting events.
The cultural, artistic, and entertainment opportunities are seemingly endless.

People have a separate set of expectations for the rest of the area. Among the features
that may attract them are:
Camping and skiing opportunities, especially in the Adirondacks, and the
great natural beauty of upstate New York and parts of New Jersey;
The convenient system of highways, making driving easy;
The beaches and water sports, especially on Long Island, the Jersey Shore,
and in the upstate Lakes District; and
Gambling in Atlantic City and Native Americanrun casinos.

Although U.S. history colors every corner of the Mid-Atlantic States, its important to
understand all the reasons that draw vacationers to the region. These include:
Historical buildings, monuments, and sites are everywhere.
Low airfares, convenient ground transportation, and reasonable lodging make the
area a good bargain.

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 The area brims with superb cultural attractions: great museums, symphonies,
arts festivals, and the unique lifestyle of the Pennsylvania Dutch.
The scenery is impressive, especially in Shenandoah National Park.
There are very good winter and summer resorts.
Skiing opportunities abound, especially at the Virginia resorts of Homestead and
Wintergreen, or the Pocono ski areas of Jack Frost and Big Boulder.
The area is accessible: Cities and attractions are fairly close together and are
near many other parts of the United States.

Florida boasts a wealth of tourist-motivating factors:

It has a year-round tropical climate.
A low-cost vacation is feasible.
Its easily accessible by car, train, or plane.
Many bargain airhotelcar packages are available.
Theres an astonishing concentration of family attractions in the Orlando area.
Deep-sea fishing and other sport opportunities abound.

Among the diverse reasons that motivate travelers to southern California are:
It has superb weather year-round.
They want to see the movie capital, Hollywood. (They also hope to bump into a
movie star; good luck to them.)
Theres wonderful outdoor recreation available all year.
Los Angeles, Long Beach, and San Diego are departure points for cruises to
Mexico and, occasionally, the Panama Canal.
The area brims with natural wonders.
Los Angeles is a convenient way to break up a trip to trans-Pacific destinations.
Theres plenty to do at night in the major cities.
Some of the finest theme parks are here.
Northern California appeals to people for altogether different reasons. They might
prefer visiting here because:
San Francisco is sophisticated yet has a small-town, European feel.
Theres the natural splendor of mountains and redwood forests.
The MontereyCarmel area has renowned golf courses.

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 The climate is temperate.
San Francisco has exciting nightlife and great restaurants.
The Wine Country is a unique, almost European attraction.
Northern California has world-class skiing; there are several less extensive ski
resorts northeast of Los Angeles, too.

Arizona, too, has its own appeal:

The Grand Canyon is a unique spectacle.
There are several interesting resorts and ranches.
Many Northerners head to Arizona in the winter, staying in retirement trailer
parks, condos, and timeshares.
Arizona hosts many conventions, especially in the Phoenix/Scottsdale area.
It boasts an Old West and Native American ambience.

Canada and Alaska have a specialized touristic appeal. Here are some of the reasons
for going there:
The areas natural beauty is stunning, especially in the Rockies, along the shore,
and into the wilderness.
Toronto, Montreal, Quebec City, and Vancouver are especially safe, clean,
historic, beautiful, and lively.
The area is foreign (especially Quebec) yet familiar, comparatively near and
generally English-speaking.
The people are friendly and welcome visitors.
The winter sports, fi shing, and camping opportunities are plentiful.
Canada is, in many respects, a travel bargain.
Wildlife, especially in Alaska, is relatively easy to observe.
Transportation in the southern portions of the area is convenient.
Cruise possibilities are numerous.

Hawaii is a unique destination within the United States, and as such, there are unique
reasons vacationers want to go there:
They want to visit an exotic and romantic tropical paradise, but one that will still
be relatively familiar.
Hawaii affords a wide selection of accommodations (from budget to luxury),
flights, independent tours, and natural attractions.

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 Hawaiian fl y-lodge-drive packages, especially those on Oahu, represent a value.
Hawaiis climate is predictably warm and pleasant, even when its cold and wintry
on the mainland.
Water sports and beach activities are readily available.
The opportunities to practice other sports, such as hiking, tennis, golf, and
horseback riding, are almost limitless.
Visitors have a choice of the intensely busy nightlife of Waikiki or the more
relaxed possibilities of the other islands.

A wide spectrum of reasons motivates a traveler to visit Mexico:

The beaches are, in most places, glorious.
All manner of water-sport options are available.
Mexico is a shopping and lodging bargain, especially off-season.
Archaeological treasures are everywhere. (In fact, one estimate claims that the
jungle still covers 90 percent of all ancient Mayan and Aztec sites.)
Air and cruise transportation into and around Mexico is convenient, plentiful, and
relatively inexpensive.
Superdeluxe resorts in Mexico are a bargain compared to similar properties in
other parts of the world, especially in the summer off-season.
The foreign, exotic culture of Mexico is less than a six-hour flight away from most
U.S. locations.
The winter weather is warm, dry, and inviting.

Why do people visit the Caribbean? Here are some reasons:

A tropical island stay beguiles almost anyone.
The region features a wide variety of cultural experiences.
No area in the world has more cruise options.
The diving, fishing, and yachting possibilities are virtually endless.
Many all-inclusive resorts dot the islands, as do several superdeluxe hotels.
The weather is almost always warm.
Several of the islands offer a great deal of nightlife and gambling opportunities.
Shopping and lodging bargains are possible, especially in the off-season.

Among the reasons that motivate people to visit Brazil are:

Rio de Janeiro promises excitement, fun, fine dining, and much nightlife.

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 There are great beaches throughout the country.
Considering what its great cities offer, Brazil is a relative bargain.
The locals are extremely warm, open, and friendly.
The Amazon is adventurous and unique.
Theres great cuisine and good shopping (especially for precious stones).
The history and culture of Brazil are fascinating.
Rios Carnival is world renowned. Salvadors is almost as impressive.

The major reasons for Americans to choose these destinations are cultural ties and
ease of language; however, there might be other reasons, too. Understanding them all
is essential in setting up a memorable trip:
here are more air connections from North America to London than to any other
international city.
Convenient public transportation and cruise options make the countries easy to
get around.
Picturesque villages are just about everywhere.
A diverse span of accommodations and price levels is available.
London is a major center for cultural attractions and the theater.
Ireland is relatively inexpensive and can be the choice of budget-minded
vacationers.

Many would-be visitors know of France by its reputation. However, its important to think
about the reasons why the country truly intrigues them. Among these reasons:
Its romantic.
The cultural and artistic attractions are seemingly endless.
The cuisine and wines are legendary.
There are many airline flights into Paris.

For as diverse a country as Italy, its important to understand precisely what motivates
people to go there. Among their reasons might be
Some of the worlds best-known ancient sites are here.
The food is familiar and wonderful.
The country serves as a center for Christian religious pilgrimages.
The culture is rich with opera, art, architecture, and history.
Theres the opportunity for water sports in summer and skiing in winter.

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 Theres great shopping.
Many North Americans have their cultural roots in Italy.
Some of the worlds finest resorts are here. Q Italy is a major departure point for
cruises.

Among the reasons a vacationer might be eager to visit Spain and Portugal are:
The weather is sunny and beautiful.
The countryside can be inexpensive, with great bargains for shopping and
lodging. Portugal is an even greater bargain than Spain.
The locals are extremely friendly.
Portugal has some great golf courses.
Both countries are easily accessible from North America.
Water sports, beach activities, and cruise opportunities are readily available.
The food is wonderful (though different from the Hispanic foods Americans are
familiar with).
Theres rich cultural and artistic diversity to be found.
Among the reasons for wanting to visit Germany might be:
Bavarias scenery is spectacular.
Germany is very accessible, clean, and organized.
The country is filled with cultural riches and architectural landmarks.
The people are friendly.
The food is wonderful and hearty.
Hamburg is a major cruise port and the Rhine is an important cruise waterway.
There are lively festivals.
Winter sports facilities are extensive, especially for skiing.

To assume that tourists want to visit Greece and Turkey because of its cultural history
would be shortsighted. Among their many reasons might be:
The culture and history of the region form the basis for Western civilization.
Its one of the worlds finest destinations for sunshine.
Greece, Turkey, and the Balkans are comparatively inexpensive places to visit.
Many water sports and cruise options are available.
The people are extremely friendly.
There are many shopping bargains.

Certain predictable reasons prompt people to visit Egypt:

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 It has a unique and rich cultural history.
Costs within the country are relatively low, and shopping is a bargain.
The locals are warm and friendly to foreign visitors.
It appeals to those who like cruises. Nile cruises are attractive to people who
usually reject water travel because of seasickness; the Nile is quite calm.
The weather is warm and pleasant during the winter.

Among the reasons that people are inspired to visit Israel, Palestine, and Jordan the
(Holy Lands) are:
The region is very important to many different religious faiths. It boasts places
many people have heard about from the time they were infants.
The history, archaeology, and culture are fascinating.
There are many resorts and thermal spasmore than most people realize.
The climate at most times and in most places is very pleasant.
Theres great opportunity for outdoor activities and sports, including diving,
desert trekking, and mountain climbing.

Its easy to figure out why people might want to visit Kenya and Tanzania. Among these
reasons are:
The wildlife is among the finest and most accessible in the world.
Safaris are easily booked and provide safety in an adventurous environment.
The culture is intriguing.
Shopping choices are quite interesting.
English is commonly spoken.
Tanzania has sites of historical interest.
There are lovely beaches.
Theres warm, pleasant weather year-round.
Mombasa is a prime cruise embarkation and debarkation port.

Awareness of what Australia and New Zealand offer is growing daily. Among the
features you should emphasize are the following:
Increasingly, New Zealand and Australia are being viewed as adventure
destinations, both for soft adventure activities and extreme ones, such as
bungee jumping and white-water rafting.

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 Though distant and offbeat, Australia and New Zealand are culturally very
accessible.
The plants and animals are unlike those anywhere else in the world.
The people are extremely friendly to tourists, have a wonderfully informal
attitude, and speak English.
Food and lodging are bargains, especially for those staying in motor inns.
The Queensland beaches are superb and especially uncrowded north of
Brisbane, and the diving along the Great Barrier Reef is legendary.
New Zealand and Australia rarely feel hectic or crowded, except perhaps in
Sydney and along the Gold Coast.
The Aborigine and Maori cultures are intriguing. (However, theyre mainly
experienced only in certain areas, such as Alice Springs and Rotorua,
respectively.)
These countries bask in their most pleasant summer weather when many
Americans are shivering from winters cold and are ready to get away for a warm-
weather vacation.
Theres skiing in southeast Australia and in southern New Zealand, where many
slopes are accessed only via helicopter.
Both countries are extremely stable politically and have a relatively low crime
rate.

Among the motives that people may have for traveling among the islands of the Pacific
are:
They seek the legendary beauty and romance of the islands.
They want to break up a long trans-Pacific trip.
The climate is spectacular.
Water-sport, beach, adventure tour, and cruise opportunities are widely available.
The cultural differences are fascinating.
Its a good way to visit many off-the-beaten-path, get-away-from-it-all destinations
without too many inconveniences.
The food is fresh and generally wonderful.
Bargains can be had for those willing to put up with the barest of
accommodations or with freighter transport.
The scenery on the volcanic islands is dramatic.

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Its important to understand why someone might want to visit Japan. This is a wonderful
country, but its not for everyone. Some reasons for wanting to visit Japan are:
Its a very important business destination.
Japan has a unique, exotic, and ancient culture.
Some visitors can trace their ancestry here.
Theres beautiful art and architecture.
Its very Westernized and comfortable.
Its level of service, efficiency, and creature comforts is astonishingly high.
The countryside has great natural beauty.
Its an absolute heaven for golfers, though they may find courses to be somewhat
smaller and more expensive than those at home.
Japan is an extremely safe place to visit.
The Japanese are incredibly helpful to visitors, who shouldnt be surprised if a
local goes very much out of the way to help them.
A full schedule of nonstop flights makes traveling from the United States
convenient.

Among the reasons to visit Singapore and Thailand are:

The culture is intriguing.
The food is superb.
They are easily visited as part of a cruise.
The countryside is beautiful.
The weather is consistently warm all year.
There are several first-rate beach resorts and super-deluxe hotels.
The people are friendly toward tourists.
Singapore, especially, is one of the cleanest and most modern cities in Asia and
a comfortable one for people apprehensive about the Far East.

Among the factors that motivate people to visit China are:

There are remarkable archaeological treasures and sites.
Chinese architecture and art are beautiful and impressive.
China is viewed as a soft adventure destination by many North Americans.
Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou are major business centers.
The regional cuisines of China are superb and familiar.
Many Americans can trace their ancestry here.
Cruise ships increasingly call on Chinese ports.
Hong Kong has legendary, world-class lodging.

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 Theres great shopping, especially in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Marc Mancini Theory of
Motivation

12 Types of Travelers
Based on their
Motivation

History Buffs Culture Ethnic Religious

Seekers Travelers Pilgrims
Want to Fascinated Like to
Experience
learn about by different explore the
tied to their
the ways of life culture to
spiritual
destinations of the which the
beliefs
past. destination ancestors
came
Environment Recreational Adventure Entertainme
al Travelers Travelers Seekers nt Seekers
Drawn to Wish to More Drawn to
sceneries participate demanding activities such
and beauty in such and hardy as dancing,
of the mass appeal sports or partying,
places activities gambling and
specially night clubs
Shoppers Sensual Status Interpersona
Travelers Seeker l Travelers
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 Love to buy Travel to
things on Wish totrendy places They travel
trips indulgeand define to socialize
their senses
themselves by and meet
the place they other
people

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
Marc Mancini is a travel industry speaker, educator and consultant. His theories on the
interrelationship of media and learning have had a significant impact on training, especially in the
travel and tourism industry.
EDUCATION
A native of Fall River, Massachusetts, Mancini attended Providence College, where he obtained a
B.A. in foreign languages and education. He then went on to obtain an M.A (French), an M.S
(Cinema) and a Ph.D. (French/Cinema) from the University of Southern California. Mancini was
fortunate enough to attend USCs film school at a time when many of Hollywoods future filmmakers
were honing their craft. Among Mancinis classmates were George Lucas, John Carpenter, Ron
Howard, and Robert Zemeckis.
TRANSITION FROM CINEMA TO TRAVEL

While in college and graduate school, Mancini had paid his tuition in part by working as a tour
director, taking groups on multi-day, international tours. In the midst of a California budget crisis,
West Los Angeles College (where Mancini had become a full-time professor) decided to cut back its
costly cinema program. The college knew of his travel experience and asked Mancini if he would
teach in its Travel and Tourism program. He agreed.

THEORIES

Mancini soon went beyond his teaching to become a well-known travel speaker, writer, instructional
theorist and consultant.[1] The diverse nature of his studies helped him formulate a fresh perspective
on teaching and training:[2] that each era has a medium that dominates information-giving and that
this medium shapes the way a person of that time learns best.

APPLICATION TO TRAINING

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Mancini's theories have been applied most fully in the travel business, where his company has
created some of the industrys highest-profile instructional and certification programs, [6] most
especially those for the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and Marriott International.[7] It is
estimated that more than 300,000 travel professionals worldwide [8] have benefited from training
programs that he has designed or delivered. His client list includes Norwegian Cruise
Line, Seabourn Cruise Line, American Automobile Association, Holland America Line,
Trafalgar, American Express, Pleasant Holidays, Lufthansa and Silversea Cruises.

OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS

Mancini also designed and staged the AAA Travel High School Challenge, a national competition on
travel-related geographic knowledge. During its four years of operation, the Challenge attracted over
200,000 teenage contestants at local, state and national levels.

Mancini continues to teach Travel and Cinema at West Los Angeles College as an adjunct professor.
He has authored seven books, written and appeared in 30 videos and helped design numerous web-
based courses. His book Access: An Introduction to Travel and Tourism received the Distinguished
Achievement Award from the Association of Educational Publishers. He was named "Educator of the
Year" by the International Society of Travel and Tourism Educators.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main purpose of this study is to find out the type of traveler the University of San Carlos
Bachelor of Tourism Management students are, specifically, this study will answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of these University of San Carlos Bachelor of tourism
management in terms of;

2.1 Age
2.2 Gender
2.3 Nationality
2.4 Ethnicity
2.5 Interest

2. What motivates them to travel according to Dr. Mancinis Theory?

3. What types of travelers are the USC BTM student as classified by Dr. Mancini?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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 The study on Factors that Motivates University of San Carlos Bachelor of
Tourism Management students to travel can be a learning standard for the Tourism
Industry. It is important that we know what kind of traveler we are so that we will also
know the perfect destination when we plan for a vacation. This study can also benefit
the university as well as the travel agencies when it comes on choosing a certain
destination through bidding that could provide the students interest by its local and
international tour.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this study would be the tourists destination around the world as
mentioned from the book of Dr. Mancini Selling Destination. There will be places that
is part of north America, Europe and Asia. Example destination of North America are
New England, New York, Mid-Atlantic states, Florida, California, Arizona, Hawaii,
Mexico, Caribbean, and Brazil. Some example of Europe destinations are France, Italy,
Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Australia and New Zealand. In Asia, there are places
like Singapore and Thailand, China and Japan. We will provide a minimum of 300
samples through a survey exclusive only for the Bachelor of Tourism Management
students in University of San Carlos.

METHODOLOGY
The researchers will be using a descriptive type of research to determine the types of
traveler the USC BTM students and the factors that motivates them to travel. The
researcher will describe, determine, analyze, and define each type of traveler. The data
collection method will use structured questionnaires that will measure tourist motivation,
activities, interests, demographics and intention to revisit the destination and
recommend the journey to others. The questionnaires will be specifically developed and
then administered for international or local tourist without any age span.
Sampling:

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 Respondents USC BTM Students
Environment UCS- MR Building
Gathering of Data Survey
Physical Treatment Sampling: Questionnaire
Findings Percentage/ Pie graph

Questionnaire:
Please fill in the blanks the appropriate answer of each question.
Name (optional): Course/Year:
Age: Gender: Nationality:
Ethnicity:
o Cebuano
o Tagalog
o English
o Korean
o Japanesse
o Waray
o Boholano
o Hiligaynon
o Tausog
o Maranao

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 o Ilonggo

Interest:
o Heritages
o Beach
o Hiking, Mountain Climbing, Trecking,
o Diving
o Surfing
o Camping
o Amusement Park
o Festivals
o Dancing
o Partying
o Attending night club shows
o Sightseeing
o Massage and Spa
o Gourmet dinning
o Sun bathing
o Acquaintance party
o Food Trip
o Pilgrimage
o Shopping
o Cruising
o Trip to Europe
o Golf
o Tennis
o Skiing

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