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- - :'l.. :l
@why do you think birds fly in groups? Find out why they fly in
a V-formation.
family '- Stable groups in which the offspring are fed and cared for
groups by the mothers or .. :. during the first years of life.
=1i------- --- Two males of the same species compete for a fernale.
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@ Read the text and decide if the sentences below are true or false.
There are different types of relationships between organisms of different species.
Commensalism benefits
one organism and does not
help or harm the other
organism. An example of this
is the relationship between
cattle egrets'and cattle. Cattle
egrets feed on insects that
live on and around cattle.
A mosquito is a host.
The relationship between catt!e egrets and cattle is called commensalism.
Sorne zebras are prey and others are predators.
In both parasitism and predation one organism is harmed.
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Who's eating who? ij
food chain
always start
Every organism needs food, which provides the en ergy for it to live. with?
The movement of energy through an ecosystem can be represented
through food chains and food webs.
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food through photosynthesis.
Consumers
Consumers obtain their food by eating other living things.
Primary consumers, such as rabbits and grasshoppers, Producer
eat producers. Herbivores and omnivores are primary
consumers.
Secondary consumers, such as foxes and toads, are
predators that eat primary consumers. Carnivores and
omnivores are secondary consumers. In an ecosystem,
the same animal can be both predator and prey.
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Prjma ry consumer
Tertiary consumers, such as snakes and hawks, eat
secondary consumers.
Decomposers
Decomposers live on the remains of other living things.
Most decomposers are fungi and bacteria.
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Secondary consumer
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What is the main source of energy
Most living things are part of more than one food chain. There can be for plants?
many different food chains in an ecosystem and most of these food
Look at Unit 4.
chains are connected. The connected food chains make up a food web.
(D Decide if the organisms below are @ Explain the following sentenc;e. Give
producers or primary, secondary or exa mples.
tertiary consumers.
In an ecosystem, the same animal can be both
predator and prey.
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The loss of biodiversity
,,....___
Whyisit V
important to
protect
Extinction occurs when every single member of a species dies and none biodiversity?
are left alive. We can say that this species has become 'extinct'. Extinction
is often a natural process and has occurred far millions ofyears.
pollution
over-exploiting
resources
Biodiversity is essential far a healthy planet Earth and has a direct impact on
our lives. Once a species is lost it is no longer available to us either as food,
enjoyment, or as a resource far medicines and textiles among other things.
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Protecting biodiversity
Doana National
Monfrage Park is an area of
National Park in marshes and sand
Cceres is an dunes in sout hern Spain.
outstanding example of The park has a biodiversity
Mediterranean forest This that is uniq ue in Europe. lt is
park is considered a bird a refuge for sorn e endangered
watchers' paradise because it has species, such as the lberian imperial
both the biggest colony of black eagle and the lberian lynx, as well as
vultures and the highest concentration of numerous migratory birds.
imperial eagles in the world.
Q (!) What is the difference between an extinct @ Find out which national park is closest to
species and an endangered species? Give where you live. Search for information
two examples of each. about its landscape, location and the
plants and animals which live there.
@ Explain the following sentence.
lf biodiversity is at risk, our health and survival
(V Research the different causes of dinosa urs'
extinction.
are at risk too.
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