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2. The graph below shows the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. What
conclusion can be drawn about section X of the graph?
A. The enzyme has started to denature and the reaction slows down.
B. The reaction has finished and the substrate has been used up.
D. Some of the enzyme has been consumed and the reaction has reached a plateau.
(Total 1 mark)
3. Which type of molecule is shown in the diagram below?
A. Peptide
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
(Total 1 mark)
4. The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is approximately 30%. What is the
percentage of guanine?
A. 70%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 20%
(Total 1 mark)
5. What is denaturation?
A. A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties
C. A change in the amino acid sequence of a protein causing a disruption of its 3D shape
D. The process by which amino acids are broken down and ammonia is released
(Total 1 mark)
7. What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis?
A. Chlorophyll
C. Water only
C. Volatility
D. Transparency
(Total 1 mark)
9. A number of different proteins are involved in nerve function. Which of the following does
not require a membrane protein?
B. Lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product
of anaerobic respiration in yeast.
12. Which type of light is least useful for photosynthesis in terrestrial plants?
A. Blue
B. Green
C. White
D. Red
(Total 1 mark)
13. How many molecules of water are required to completely hydrolyse a polypeptide made up
of 23 amino acids?
A. 11
B. 22
C. 23
D. 44
(Total 1 mark)
14. Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration?
D. Glycolysis
(Total 1 mark)
A. Temperature
B. Light intensity
C. pH
D. Substrate concentration
(Total 1 mark)
A. The atoms within a molecule of water are held together by hydrogen bonds.
B. Water has a low heat capacity allowing enzymatic reactions to happen at a wide range
of temperatures.
D. Ice has a higher density than liquid water, therefore some organisms can live under the
ice.
(Total 1 mark)
17. What does a nucleosome consist of ?
C. Nucleotides added by DNA polymerase I in the same direction as the replication fork
D. Sections of RNA removed by DNA polymerase III and replaced with DNA
(Total 1 mark)
GCCAUACGAUCG
A. CGGUAUGCUAGC
B. GCCATACGATCG
C. CGGTATGCTAGC
D. GCCAUACGAUCG
(Total 1 mark)
20. The electron micrograph below shows an organelle in a eukaryotic cell. What is the area
labelled X and what is the type of reaction occurring there?
[Source: http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php]
X Reaction
A. matrix photolysis
B. stroma Krebs cycle
C. stroma photolysis
D. matrix Krebs cycle
(Total 1 mark)
A. Thylakoid membranes
B. Stroma
C. Matrix
D. Cristae
(Total 1 mark)
22. What is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin
cycle?
23. Which base is connected to its complementary base in a base pair by three hydrogen bonds?
A. Uracil
B. Thymine
C. Guanine
D. Adenine
(Total 1 mark)
24. This question refers to the following micrograph of a liver cell.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
(Total 1 mark)
25. Which molecule is found in both DNA and RNA?
A. Ribose
B. Uracil
C. Phosphate
D. Amino acid
(Total 1 mark)
26. The photosynthetic activity of desert plants is often reduced in the middle of the day. What is
the most reasonable explanation for this fact?
27. Which of the following is true of the link reaction of aerobic respiration?
+
A. The reduction of FAD occurs.
A. The polysome
B. The operator
C. The promoter
D. The initiator
(Total 1 mark)
C. Only cohesion involves the interaction of water with soil mineral particles.
A. DNA
B. Phospholipids
C. Proteins
D. Antibiotics
(Total 1 mark)
31. Which describes these molecules correctly?
I II
A. ribose amino acid
B. glucose amino acid
C. ribose fatty acid
D. glucose fatty acid
(Total 1 mark)
32. What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation?
A. I is fat.
B. II is pyruvate.
C. III is lactate.
D. IV is carbon dioxide.
(Total 1 mark)
34. The following diagram shows a short stretch of DNA. What bases are indicated by labels Y
and Z?
Y Z
A. thymine adenine
B. thymine guanine
C. uracil guanine
D. uracil adenine
(Total 1 mark)
35. A plant is exposed to increasing light intensity from very dim to bright light, while the
carbon dioxide concentration and temperature are kept at an optimum level. What will
happen to the rate of oxygen production?
36. In some people, hemoglobin always contains the amino acid valine in place of a glutamic
acid at one position in the protein. What is the cause of this?
A. Formation of proteins
B. Formation of carbohydrates
C. Formation of teeth
[Source: image from W K Purves, et al., (2003) Life: The Science of Biology, 4, Sinauer Associates
(www.sinauer.com) and W H Freeman (www.whfreeman.com)]
A. RNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. DNA polymerase
D. Ligase
(Total 1 mark)
A. Storage of fat
B. Formation of mitochondria
C. Storage of energy
A. A process needed to use energy, in the form of ATP, to produce organic compounds
42. The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the separation of the strands in DNA to
form single strands. The temperature at which 50% of the DNA is single-stranded is called
the melting temperature (TM).
A. When the temperature reaches 85C there are no more double-stranded DNA
molecules.
B. When the temperature reaches 85C the DNA strands start separating rapidly.
A. DNA
B. Phospholipids
C. Proteins
D. Antibiotics
(Total 1 mark)
44. What is the reason for Okazaki fragments being formed during DNA replication?
A. Exons
B. Introns
C. Codons
D. Nucleosomes
(Total 1 mark)
47. During glycolysis a hexose sugar is broken down to two pyruvate molecules. What is the
correct sequence of stages?
48. Where are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions taking place in the diagram
below?
Light-dependent Light-independent
A. I IV
B. II III
C. III II
D. IV I
(Total 1 mark)
49. The table below shows the codons that determine different amino acids in protein translation.
What is the sequence of the amino acids that is being translated from the following mRNA
sequence?
5 AUGGGUGCUUAUUGGUAA 3
A. Met-Pro-Arg-Ile-Thr
B. Met-Cys-Ser-Tyr-Trp
C. Met-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Trp
D. Met-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Thr
(Total 1 mark)
50. What does the universal nature of the genetic code allow?
C. Formation of clones
D. Infection by bacteria
(Total 1 mark)
B. DNA only
[Source: image from W K Purves, et al., (2003), Life: The Science of Biology, 4, Sinauer Associates
(www.sinauer.com) and W H Freeman (www.whfreeman.com)]
A. Ribosome
B. Stroma
C. Inner membrane
D. Thylakoid
(Total 1 mark)
57. Which diagram best illustrates the interactions between water molecules? (B)
(Total 1 mark)
58. What chemical reaction is taking place when a dipeptide becomes two amino acids?
A. Condensation
B. Hydrolysis
C. Denaturation
D. Polymerization
(Total 1 mark)
59. The base ratios in the DNA and RNA for an onion (Allium cepa) are given below.
A. DNA is only found in the nucleus but RNA is found throughout the cell.
C. In DNA, bases A and T are complementary but in RNA, bases A and C are
complementary.
D. RNA comes in three forms but DNA only comes in one form.
(Total 1 mark)
60. Which of the following will cause an enzyme to permanently lose its properties?
I. Hydrolysis
II. Freezing to 20C
III. Dissolving it in water
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
63. What is true of the source, products and optimum pH of the lipase found in the human
digestive system?
I. Water
II. ATP
III. Ethanol
A. I only
B. I and II only
D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
65. Which graph best represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis of a
plant? (C)
(Total 1 mark)
66. Which of the following correctly shows a peptide bond between two amino acids? (C)
(Total 1 mark)
A. A ribosome that is synthesizing proteins from several mRNA molecules at the same
time
C. Several ribosomes using a mRNA molecule to synthesize protein at the same time
D. Several ribosomes that are synthesizing different proteins for use in the cytoplasm
(Total 1 mark)
68. What does oxidation involve?
A. A loss of electrons
B. A gain of electrons
C. A loss of oxygen
D. A gain of hydrogen
(Total 1 mark)
B. ATP synthesis
C. Reduction of NADP
D. Reduction of CO2
(Total 1 mark)
71. Which two tissues of a leaf are photosynthetic?
(Total 1 mark)
A. Galactose
B. Sucrose
C. Cellulose
D. Ribose
(Total 1 mark)
74. What is a codon?
C. To produce ATP
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Ribose
D. Sucrose
(Total 1 mark)
79. Blood is a water-based transport medium. Which property of water makes it a good transport
medium?
B. Transparency
C. Versatility as a solvent
D. DNA only
(Total 1 mark)
I. Glycolysis
II. Alcohol (ethanol) fermentation
III. Lactic acid production
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
82. Which of the following colours of light is absorbed the most by chlorophyll?
A. Blue
B. Green
C. Yellow
D. Orange
(Total 1 mark)
83. In the model of the DNA molecule shown below, which arrows point to covalent bonds?
D. I, II and IV only
(Total 1 mark)
84. The antisense strand on the DNA molecule coding for three codons of a gene is
TATCGCACG
What are the anticodons of the three tRNA molecules that correspond to this sequence?