AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041

Issue 7, 11/11/13

ATT-002-290-041
RF Connector and Weatherproofing Guidelines

Audience:
State(s): Vendor/Supplier:

Effective Date:

Published : Issue 7, 11/11/13

Expires On: NA

Business Unit: NP&E National RAN

Author(s):
Ming Ho ATTUID mh8532

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Table Of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Reason For Current Issue
1. Overview 2
2. About This Document 2
2.1. Purpose 2
2.2. Scope 3
2.3. Audience 3
2.4. Related Documentation 3
2.5. Acronyms and Terms 4
2.6. Trademarks 4
2.7. Contacts 4
3. Connector Overview 4
3.1. Connector Mating 4
3.2. Connector Types 5
3.2.1. 7-16 DIN Connector 5
3.2.2. N Connector 6
3.2.3. SMA Connector 6
3.2.4. SMB Connector 6
3.2.5. QMA Connector 6
3.2.6. 1.0/2.3 mm Connector 7
3.2.7. AISG Connector 7
4. Connector Guidelines 7
5. Weatherproofing Guidelines 8
A. Recommended Torque for Connector Coupling Nuts 10
B. Weatherproofing Methods 11
B.A. Butyl Tape 11
B.B. Plastic Enclosure 12
B.C. Heat Shrinkable Tubing 15
B.D. Self Bonding Tape 16
B.E. Sealant Injection 16
B.F. Cable Entry Boot 17
B.G. 3M Pull N Shrink Tubing 17
C. IP Rating System 18

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Revision Log 10

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Issue 7, 11/11/13

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
Issue 7, 11/11/13

Reason For Current Issue

Issue Number Date Description Published By

7 11/11/13 clarify DC, fiber, RET cable sw1707

weatherproofing on remote
radios and AA Antennas

To view updated content in a document, look for the green 'NEW/UPDATED' indicators. Use the arrows to navigate to
the previous or next NEW/UPDATED indicators, if they exist. Authors making content changes may choose not to use
the indicator for updates, e.g., spelling corrections.

INTRODUCTION

This document details the connector types and weatherproofing specifications used on connectors.

Document Revision History

Date Rev Revision Description Writer Sponsor

09/18/2002 1.0 First document for release Gregory Long Dave Saska

11/05/2004 2.0 Added weatherproofing options Gregory Long Dave Saska

01/22/2008 3.0 Converted to AT&T template Ming Ho Adnan Naqvi

Added weatherproofing options

6/27/2008 4.0 Included more connector (1.0/2.3 mm) and Ming Ho Adnan Naqvi
weatherproofing information

3/10/2010 4.1 Included more plastic enclosure information Ming Ho Kaushik Gohel

Converted from ND-00026 to APEX format

2/3/2011 Ming Ho Kaushik Gohel
Updated RET AISG connection weatherproofing
requirement

Typos corrected.
2/9/2011 Ming Ho Kaushik Gohel
Conversion format errors corrected

9/19/2011 Typos corrected. Ming Ho Lou Ficarra

2/21/2012 Updated RET weatherproofing methods. Ming Ho Choonghor Woon

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
Issue 7, 11/11/13

Added 3M Tubing.

Specified weatherproofing for DC, fiber, RET

10/4/2013 7 Scott Whitney Jeff Townend
cables for RRHs

RACI

This table identifies RACI team members.

Accountable Responsible Consulted Informed

Choonghor Woon Ming Ho Ralph Natale Nico Vlok

Scott Whitney Tom Aebersold

Effendi Jubilee Shane Morrison

Patrick Ward

Tim Regan

Valerie Keeney Kok

RF HW Task Force

1. Overview
This document details the requirements for selection and use of 7-16 DIN coaxial connectors to reduce intermodulation
interference. The 7-16 DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) will replace the N-Type connector at new site builds, when
repairing or upgrading RF coaxial cable systems external to the base station cabinet, and are the preferred connector for
the BSS vendor to use.

In addition, this document provides various methods to weatherproof all outdoor connectors.

2. About This Document

This document was created to explain the differences between coaxial cable connectors and weatherproofing techniques.

2.1. Purpose

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This document provides a company-wide standard that describes and specifies the use of the 7-16 DIN coaxial connec-
tors. It provides guidelines for reliable and consistent installation of RF connector weatherproofing, where necessary.

2.2. Scope
This document describes and specifies requirements for selection of 7-16 DIN coaxial connectors and provides justification
for specifying their use.

Specific standard provisions and practices may be modified when there is clear justification due to legal, physical, or
environmental limitations.

2.3. Audience
This document is intended for AT&T Mobility employees, engineers, and contractors that specify, design, install, or inspect
coaxial transmission cables for wireless network facilities.

2.4. Related Documentation

The following documents are related to this document:

ATT-002-290-140 RF Coaxial Cable Guidelines (formerly ND-00154)

ATT-002-290-150 TMA Guidelines (formerly ND-00170)

ATT-002-290-147 Triplexer Guidelines (formerly NG-00166)

ATT-002-290-356 MCPA/SCPA Guidelines (formerly NG-00152)

ATT-002-290-142 RF Surge Arrestor Guidelines (formerly ND-00157)

ATT-002-290-043 Cable Sweep MOP (formerly ND-00029)

ATT-002-290-106 Antenna Guidelines (formerly ND-00114)

ATT-002-290-125 RET Guidelines (formerly ND-00135)

ATT-002-290-172 RX-AIT Guidelines (formerly ND-00194)

ATT-002-290-316 PIM Measurement MOP (formerly ND-00354)

For AT&T Mobility network guidelines and documents, visit the APEX web site at:

http://apex.web.att.com/search/active_docs.jsp

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2.5. Acronyms and Terms

The following acronyms and terms are used in this document:

DIN Deutsh Industries Norm

(Deutsches Institut fr Normung)

2.6. Trademarks
The trademarks used in this document are the property of their respective owners.

2.7. Contacts
For questions or comments about this document's technical content or to request changes to the document, contact:

Ming-Ju Ho, 404-499-5582, MH8532@ATT.COM

3. Connector Overview
All RF coax connectors are designed to have low VSWR (typically 1.1:1 or better) and very low insertion loss (<0.05 dB
typical) over a very wide bandwidth with a minimum of variations. Its power handling is a function of the diameter of the
dielectric, the dielectric material used internally and the frequency size of the center pin.

3.1. Connector Mating

There are several methods to mate the connectors:

Threaded Mating: Connectors with threaded mating (screw-on types) can be hand-tightened or torqued with a
wrench. It is noted that this type of connector must be properly torqued per manufacture's specification. Under-
torqued connector is a main contributor of Passive Intermodulation (PIM). Over-torqued connector may be damaged
because the coupling nuts of threaded connectors are prone to pull-off. Typical thread mating connectors include
7-16 DIN, N, SMA and TNC.

Bayonet Mating: Connectors with bayonet-type mating engage initially with a straight push to insert the external
studs of the jack into the lands inside the plug coupling nut. The coupling nut is then rotated to seat the studs into

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a retaining relief in the bottom of the lands. Bayonet mating is quick and convenient and is frequently used where
numerous quick connect/disconnect insertions are required. Typical bayonet mating connector is BNC.

Push-on Mating: Connectors that mate with a straight push and unmate with a straight pull such as QMA, MMCX,
SMB and 1.0/2.3 mm connectors.

3.2. Connector Types

3.2.1. 7-16 DIN Connector

Majority of our RF equipment whose primary RF connectors are 7-16 DIN connectors that are specified by Deutsh Indus-
tries Norm (DIN) 47 223. 7-16 DIN is a high-frequency coaxial connector with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohm. '7-16'
represents a nominal value of 16mm at the interface for the internal diameter of the external conductor, and a nominal
value of 7mm for the external diameter of the internal conductor to achieve 50 ohm. The larger interface size of the 7-16
DIN offers mechanical and electrical performance advantages than the type N connector in a longer service life, lower
contact resistance, and improved PIM performance.

The coupling mechanism of the 7-16 DIN interface provides higher contact pressure. The coupling nut torque is
about 10 times greater than the type N. This provides about three times greater contact pressure at the outer body
connection.

A special contact zone is provided at the tip of the inner contact, which ensures a reliable 360-degree contact.

Mating of the 7-16 DIN is easier and more reliable and, once mated, it has greater resistance to environmental and
structural forces.

7-16 DIN connector can achieve the PIM performance better than -155dBc. To ensure that a coaxial cable system has
the lowest level of PIM, a cable with solid outer and inner connectors is required. The following list of criteria will be used
in selecting 7-16 DIN connectors for use in AT&T Mobility networks:

Silver plated contacts with a copper strike under plating between the silver and copper alloy materials, or equivalent,
such as Huber-Suhner sucoplate.

Connectors will comply with the following industry standards:

DIN 47223, Mating Interface

IEC 169-4, Connector Interface Pin Depth

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MIL-C-39012, Coaxial Connector Crimp and Solder Types

MIL STD 348, Connector Interface Dimensional Requirements Designed for use with coaxial cable.

Machined connector body and parts.

For female 7-16 DIN connector, 'long neck' is necessary for ease of weatherproofing. The desired length from the
flange to the top of the connector is more than 1.0'.

3.2.2. N Connector
N connectors are one of the oldest high performance coax connectors that were developed in the 1940's to satisfy the
need for a durable, weatherproof, medium-size RF connector with consistent performance through 11 GHz. Their primary
applications are the termination of medium to miniature size coaxial cable. N connectors are popular on test equipment
RF ports and also are used in some filter and RX-AIT tray (input port).

3.2.3. SMA Connector

SMA connectors became available in the mid 1960's. They are primarily designed for semi-rigid small diameter metal
jacketed cable. They are quite small and have extended frequency range rated for mode-free operation from DC to 18
GHz. Like 7-16 DIN connector, the nut should be properly torqued with a wrench. It is very important that the remainder
of the connector does not rotate, otherwise premature wear of the connector will result. When properly handled, a SMA
connector should remain within specified performance through several hundred of mating cycles. SMA connectors can
be found in some Bias-T unit DC-coupling port.

3.2.4. SMB Connector

The SMB is a smaller version of the SMA with snap-on coupling. They support frequency range from DC to 4 GHz. It
utilizes die cast components on non-critical areas to provide a low-cost solution. SMB connectors can be found in some
Bias-T unit DC-coupling port.

3.2.5. QMA Connector

The QMA connector is a quick disconnect version of the SMA connector to allow for faster mating and de-mating and
eliminate the need for a torque wrench. It shares the same internal construction and characteristics. The interface mates
with a snap-on instead of a threaded coupling to support denser packaging. The connectors allow for 360 rotation after
they are mated which greatly improves the flexibility of installations. QMA connectors are used in the RX-AIT tray or some
output ports of the Node B filter units.

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3.2.6. 1.0/2.3 mm Connector

The 1.0/2.3 series is a European design introduced in the 1990s and is based on push-pull coupling. Like QMA connector,
the compact design of the 1.0/2.3 permits dense connector packing. Push-pull coupling with patented locking mechanism
allows quick installation; will not disconnect during trouble shooting like competitor's products. The 1.0/2.3 inserts are
suitable for applications up to 4 GHz. 1.0/2.3 connector can be found in some Node B filter unit.

3.2.7. AISG Connector

Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) connector is not a RF connector. It is typically used in the RET system
components such as controller unit to actuator. It carries the RS-485 communication signal and DC power. For more
details please refer to ATT-002-290-125 RET Guidelines. It is noted that AISG connector should be 'hand tighten' only.

4. Connector Guidelines

7-16 DIN connectors should be used for primary RF connection.

All threaded mating RF connectors must be properly torqued with a wrench per manufacture's specification.
Typical thread mating connectors include 7-16 DIN, N, SMA and TNC.

Select right gender of connector to avoid using adapter as much as possible.

AISG connector should be 'hand tighten' only.

All outdoor RF connection must be weatherproofed per recommendations listed in Section 5 of this
document.

All unused connector ports must be properly handled.

For relatively high-Q devices such as duplexers, unused ports must be terminated with a 50 Ohm
load.

Connector cover or cap can be used for the following devices to keep the connector clean. A cover
with gasket is recommended.

Unused ports of relatively low-Q devices such as diplexers

Unused antenna ports

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Unused AISG ports (if daisy-chain is not needed)

Unused RX-AIT tray ports

5. Weatherproofing Guidelines

ALL outdoor RF and DC connectors/connections used in the AT&T Mobility network must be weatherproo-
fed after it has been installed and the final connection made.

All primary RF connections including from feeder to jumper cable or jumper cable to RF components such as
antenna, TMA, diplexer, Bias-T, surge arrestor etc. Typically they are 7-16 DIN connection. Tighten all connec-
tion with proper torque to ensure that correct internal seals and surface contacts are made.

DC connections such as at Bias-T (SMA, SMB or other) should be weatherproofed if placed outdoor.

Cable grounding.

Ground lug of RF ancillary equipment typically is not a through hole. Weatherproofing is not required.

Some connectors like 7-16 DIN have o-rings internal to the connector that serve as weather barriers. However,
the corrugated outer conductor shield of the semi-rigid coax has imperfections that may corrode on contact
with water vapor and compromise the effectiveness of the o-rings.

Cable/jumper boot or entry panel should be installed at the entry points to the outdoor cabinet or into the shelter
to prevent moisture and support cables.

'Drip loop' must be formed to prevent the water migration to the equipment.

Make sure the area to be weatherproofed is clean and dry.

AISG RET connections are weatherproofed if properly connected. Additional weatherproofing may be
needed per vendor recommendation and/or markets own requirement.

The AISG cable should be ordered from RET vendor directly to ensure proper mating of AISG connections.

AISG connection should be hand-tighten only (0.36 - 0.73 lb/ft.) but full thread engagement is necessary to
ensure proper compression of the o-ring seal.

Extra weatherproofing (like heatshrink, self-bonding tape) is OK for Kathrein and Powerwave, however, Andrew
is adamant about no extra weatherproofing.

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Use Self Amalgamating tape on DC, Fiber and RET cables connections at the Remote Radio Head (RRH)
and Air Antenna (AA).

DC Connection: Start applying the self-amalgamating (self-fusing) tape approximately 50 mm below the lower
edge of each connector. Overlap each turn by 50%. Proceed all the way up to the edge of the RRUS.

Apply two, half-overlapped, slightly-stretched layers of insulating tape. For each layer, start 30 mm below the
lower end of the self-amalgamating (self-fusing) tape and proceed all the way up to the edge of the RRUS.

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Revision Log

Issue Number Date Description Published By

7 11/11/13 clarify DC, fiber, RET cable sw1707

weatherproofing on remote
radios and AA Antennas

6 11/08/12 Updated Appendixes includ- mh8532

ing IP rating definition.

Added 3M Slim Lock enclo-

sure.

5 02/21/12 Updated RET weatherproof- mh8532

ing methods.

Added 3M Tubing

4 02/09/11 Typos corrected. mh8532

3 02/03/11 Updated RET AISG connec- mh8532

tion weatherproofing require-
ment

2 07/14/10 Document Clean-Up. sd0987

A. Recommended Torque for Connector Coupling Nuts

The following table can be used as a reference if the manufacture's recommendation is not available.

Connector Material Recommended Torque

Type (in-lbs)[2]

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
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7-16 DIN Brass 221-265

N Stainless steel 15

SMA Brass 5

TNC Brass 5

8-pin screw coupling

AISG Hand-tighten
connector

B. Weatherproofing Methods

B.A. Butyl Tape

Butyl tape has been, and still continues to be, the long standing method of weatherproofing outdoor connectors. Using
butyl tape is an inexpensive method of weatherproofing, provided the installation time is kept short to minimize labor costs.
However, this method is highly dependent on the installer's quality of workmanship, but can result in a smooth, compact
weatherproof wrap.

Figure 1 Andrew weatherproofing kit.

Installation

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Butyl tape weatherproofing must follow manufacturer's installation instructions with the following modification to the
first tape pass to provide a courtesy wrap to avoid the permanently adhering to the coax connector.

Start tape approximately 5 inches from the connector and wrap 2 inches toward the connector, then reverse the
tape a half turn or so that the sticky side is up. Continue wrapping the tape over the connector until 3 inches beyond
the connector and reverse the tape a half turn again or so that the sticky side is down for another 2 inches.

When applied, the tape must be above 32F (0C) to ensure adhesion.

Do not stretch the tape and do not pull the tape to tear it - always cut it. Pulled tape eventually unravels, decreasing
protection.

Tightly wrap the rubber tape with 2 layers of vinyl insulating tape.

B.B. Plastic Enclosure

In the interest of time and uniform installation quality, plastic enclosures or clamshells are recommended to be placed
over the connection after mating the connectors. This removes the need to use any other weatherproofing method and
reduces the time required to weatherproof the site outdoor connectors. The plastic enclosure can be reentered and
resealed several times. ATT-002-290-370 DNB Operation Guidelines recommend enclosure-type RF weatherproofing for
Remote Radio Head to support easy removal/installation when troubleshooting or sweep is required.

Antenna Integrated Radio (AIR) Antennas should use plastic enclosures on the non-integrated radio DIN RF connectors

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123 eWireless EasySeal

Figure 2(a) 123eWireless weatherproofing enclosure.

Andrew WeatherShield TM

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Figure 2(b) Andrew weatherproofing enclosure.

RFS WSHIELD

Figure 2(c) RFS weatherproofing enclosure.

3M Slim Lock Closure

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
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Figure 2(d) 3M weatherproofing enclosure.

B.C. Heat Shrinkable Tubing

In locations that don't allow the use of any other weather-proofing method, such as on antennas or other RF components
with connectors too close together, an adhesive lined, UV rated heat shrinkable tubing may be used. This tubing will be
used on a maximum of RF coax connectors and on antenna and RF components where the connectors are closer
than 3, center to center. Heat shrink is not allowed to be used on main feed line connections. The heat shrink must
extend past the back-nut of the connector and the heat shrink must extend up against the module (TMAs, Antennas and
Diplexers).

Installation

Installation of the shrink tubing with butt against RF component body and extend a minimum of 2 along the coax
from the end of the connector body. When using heat shrinkable tubing, only one heat shrink tube will be used for
each connector or connection.

The heat shrink must be fully installed with no air pockets of jagged edges

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Figure 3 Heat shrink tubing.

B.D. Self Bonding Tape

Self bonding/amalgamating tape or miracle tape is a silicone weather seal/tape fuses to itself in 24 hours after installation
creating an air and watertight bond. It is an alternative to traditional butyl rubber sealant tapes.

Figure 4(a) RFS CELL TAPE (C-TAPE).

Figure 4(b) 123eWirelss Easy WrapSelf Amalgamating Tape

B.E. Sealant Injection

The sealant injection weatherproofing method creates a quick and secure seal between the black nut, jacket/outer
conductor. Sealant is typically soft, inert silicone grease with excellent dielectric properties. It provides an excellent
dielectric coating which excludes moisture and prevents high voltage arcing.

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
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Figure 5 Eupen SIL-744 sealant.

B.F. Cable Entry Boot

Figure 6 Andrew cable entry boot.

[1] Low power termination such as 2 Watts should be sufficient. It is noted that the termination should be removed before
performing any high power transmit test such as PIM (Passive InterModulation) test.

[2] To convert to ft-lbs, the value of in-lbs is divided by 12.

To convert to N-m, the value of in-lbs multiplies 0.113.

B.G. 3M Pull N Shrink Tubing

3M Pull N' Shrink Tubing provides mechanical and environmental protection of coaxial and copper cable connectors
used in aerial, buried or underground plant. The long (L) versions are designed for splice connector protection on jacketed
or armored cable. The short (S) versions are designed for use with splice connections to taps, amplifiers and splitters.

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AT&T Practice ATT-002-290-041
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Figure 7 3M Pull N Tubing.

C. IP Rating System
IP stands for Ingress Protection. The ratings first number indicates the ingress protection against solid/dust object The
second number relates to the ingress protection against water.

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Figure 15: IP Rating Table.

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