ASSIGNMENT 1

1. Explain (with illustration) what is combine sewer system and seperate sewer
system. List the advantages and the disadvantages of each system. State
why combine sewer system are not suitable with Malaysia.

Combine Sewer System

Combined sewer systems are sewers that are designed to collect rainwater runoff,
domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe. Most of the time,
combined sewer systems transport all of their wastewater to a sewage treatment
plant, where it is treated and then discharged to a water body.
During normal dry weather conditions, sanitary wastes collected in the combined
sewer system are diverted to the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Plant. The sanitary wastes are diverted at facilities called regulators.
During periods of significant rainfall, the capacity of a combined sewer may be
exceeded. When this occurs, regulators are designed to let the excess flow, which
is a mixture of storm water and sanitary wastes, to be discharged directly into the
river. Release of this excess flow is necessary to prevent flooding in homes,
basements, businesses, and streets.
 Advantages Disadvantages

Easy cleaning because of larger In storm season sewer may overflow

diameter
Reasonable maintenance cost
Strength of sewage is reduced due
to dilution of sewage by storm water
This system requires only one set of
sewer making it economical
and the sewer may damage causing
serious health risks
The combine sewer gets silted and
becomes foul in dry days
Load on treatment plant is more
because storm water is also carried
there

The storm water gets polluted

unnecessarily

The system becomes uneconomical

when pumping is needed

Seperate Sewer System

In separate system of sewerage there are two collection systems or pipe network;
one for collecting domestic sewage as sanitary sewerage system and
another for collecting storm water as storm water drainage system.
The sewage is conveyed to waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and the storm
water is discharges into rivers without treatment. The separated system is suitable
when separate outlet for storm water is available and the topography is such that
storm water can be disposed of in natural drains or river.
Advantages Disadavantages

The load on treatment plant is less Cleaning of sewer is difficult due to

as only sewage is carried to the plant. their small size.

The size of sewer is mall, thus The self cleansing velocity is not
economical easily obtained.

When pumping is required, the The storm sewers come in operation

system proves to be economical. in rainy season only. They may be
chocked in dry season by garbage.
Natural/storm water is not
unnecessarily polluted by sewage. Maintenance cost is high

Sewage sewers are provided below

 storm sewer which causes greater
depth and pumping at waste water
treatment plant

In Malaysia, separate sewerage system were used because the season here receive
a lot of rainfall compare to another country. Many towns and cities use the separate
sewer system. The wastewater is transported in separate pipes from storm sewers,
industrial sewers and sanitary sewers. This system will not experience CSOs
(Combine Sewer Overflows) which usually happen to combined sewer. The flooding
will cause by stormwater only.
 ASSIGNMENT 2

PE Calculation

Houses : 380 unit houses x 5PE per house = 1900PE

Shop Lot : 50 unit shop x 220m2 x 3PE / 100m2 = 330PE

Shopping Complex : 1 unit shopping complex x 19,000m2 x 3PE / 100m2 = 570 PE

Day School : 2100 students x 0.2PE per student = 420PE

Mosque : 2500 peoples x 0.2PE per person = 500PE

Stadium : 20,000 peoples x 0.2PE per person = 4000PE

Hospital : 120 beds x 4PE per bed = 480PE

Toilet : 6 toilets x 15PE per toilet = 90PE

Bus Terminal : 16 Bays x 4PE per bus bay = 64PE

TOTAL 8354PE

Average Flow = 8354PE x 225 liters/PE/day

liter 1m 3 m3
225 x =0.225
PE . day 1000liter PE . day

= 8354PE x 0.225m3/PE/day
= 1879.65 m3/day
m 3 1 day m3
= 78.32 m3/hr 1879.65 x =78.32
day 24 hr hr

Peak Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000)-0.11

= 4.7 (8354/1000)-0.11
= 4.7 (0.792)
 = 3.722

Peak Flow = Average Flow x Peak Factor

= 1879.65 m3/day x 3.722
= 6996.057 m3/day
m3 1day m3
= 291.502 m3/hr 6996.057 x =291.502
day 24 hr hr