5

174

KW


WW

K
K
K
K


K%90W


4W

- 65 -
 174

-1

K(Alloys)


K%1

K


K

KK

-2


E F K
K




K
W

- 66 -
 174

K J
K J
K J
K J
E1.5F
WB A

+
+

100% A 0% A
0% B 100% B
(% )

B A ( 1.5)

-1
K
K%0 EA) %100A-2
K% 100 EB) %0B-3
-4

K
-5
K

- 67 -
 174

-3
1-3
K
W(2.5)K

:
+ +

:( 2.5 )



K
2-3
K W
K
B A
K
1-2-3

K
K


K
- 68 -
 174

K
2-2-3

K

K K
W (3.5)

( Al 2 O3 , Fe3 C )

:(3.5)

-4
1-4

- 69 -
 174

K
KEF EF
KW
1-1-4
WE4.5F
KBA J
B J
C
.T
KDC J

T
B C

:(4.5)

2-1-4

( 5.5 )
W
KBA J

- 70 -
 174

T1B J
KEF T2C
KCB
KDC J

T1
B

+
T2
C

:(5.5 )

2-4

KE6.5F

K
(7.5)
K

- 71 -
 174

02 40 60 80 100 %A
0
100 80 60 40 20 0 %B

) :(6.5 A B

0 20 40 60 80 100
A 2040
%A
100 80 60 0
%B

) :(7.5 A B

- 72 -
 174

1-2-4
(8.5)

W(8.5)K

E LF J
K
J
KE )

W J
K( H L F

)L (

( )

:(8.5)
(LEVER RULE) 2-2-4
- 73 -
 174

W
KJI

WK(9.5)
K% 0% 100W I J
K% 0% 100W K J
K T W0 J J
K
W

T
(9.5)
K WS WL

I
B

T +
J

A
K

WL W0 WS
100% A 0% A
(% )

B A :(9.5)

WJ

- 74 -
 174

WS W0
100% =
WS WL

W0 W L
100% =
WS WL

%47 %53
E10.5F K1300 0C
K

(L )

) Ni(% = 53W0

% (Ni) = 45WL

% (Ni) = 58WS

( ) :(10.5)

W
W

WL = 45% , W0 = 53% , WS = 58%

- 75 -
 174

W S W0
100
WS WL

58 53
= 100 = 38.5%
58 45
J
W0 W L
100
WS W L

53 45
= 100 = 61.5%
58 45
W
W J
%100 =+

J
W

WL = 55% , W0 = 47% , WS = 42%

3-2-4
(Eutectic)
KE11.5F
K
E
(L ) W
( )
K ( )
FHG ABC J
B %19.2 K
KG %2.5

EF J
KBEG
- 76 -
 174

(L ) ABE W J
( ) (L ) EGF ( )
K ( ) ( ) CBEGH

A (L)
( )

B E

G
H

( )

:(11.5)

( ) ( ) (L ) WE J
183 0C
K % 38.1 % 61.9
K

KEEEE12.5F

- 77 -
 174

E F
B
( )

G
H

Eutectic

( E ) :(12.5)
4-2-4

K K
F
K E13.5F KE

K% 6.7
W

- 78 -
 174

( )

727
2 22.00

0 0.77% %2.11

(%C)

( 13.5)

W(Ferrite) J
912 0 C KE F
(BCC)

%0.02 K
.727 0 C
Fe3C W(Cementite) J
KK Fe3C
- 79 -
 174

K%6.7
KK
W(Austenite) J

1394 0
C 912 C E
0
F
KEFCCF

K727 0 C % 2

WE Ferrite) J
EFCCF 1394 0C
KE F

KW (L ) J
E14.5F
0.77% (Pearlite)
K727 0 C

( X 500 ) (X 325) (X 90)

:(14.5)

% 2.11 % 0 W J
WEEutectoidF E

- 80 -
 174

%.0.77 % 0W J
% 2.11 %0.77W J

K%6.67% 2.11W J

F
1148 0C %4.3 (Eutectic)
K W
K
(Eutectoid) 1-4-2-4
EFE
K
a 727 0 C %0.77
E F E15.5F
b727 0 C
K +

(Hypoeutectoid) 2-4-2-4
%0.77
K c 727 0 C KE16.5F
d K
727 0 C f e
E+ ( ) F + ( )
(Hypereutectoid) 3-4-2-4
%2.11 %0.77
g 727 0 C KE17.5F
h
K+727 0 C i

- 81 -
 174

) (

) (

) +(
.

) :(15.5

) (

Fe3 C ) (

) +(

) :(16.5

- 82 -
 174

( )

( )
Fe3 C

(+ )

:(17.5)


99.55% 0.45%
W

J1
J2

J1
K99.98% 0.022%

K93.3%6.7%

W
WFe C 3
= 6.7 W = 0.022

W W0 = 0.45 0.45%

- 83 -
 174

WFe3C W0
% = 100%
WFe3C W

6.25 6.7 0.45

0.94% = 100% = % = 100%
6.678 6.7 0.022

W J

W0 W
% Fe3C = 100%
WFe3C W

0.428 0.45 0.022

0.06% = 100% = % Fe3C = 100%
6.678 6.7 0.022
W
% + % Fe3C = 1 % Fe3C = 1 %
% Fe3C = (1 0.94)% = 0.06%

J2
99.98% 0.022%

99.23% 0.77%

WPearlite = 0.77 W = 0.022

W W0 = 0.45 0.45%

W J

%W = WPearlite W0 100%
WPearlite W

0.32 0.77 0.45

= 0.43% 100% = %W = 100%
0.748 0.77 0.022

W J

W0 W
%WPearlite = 100%
WPearlite W

- 84 -
 174

0.428 0.45 0.022

= 0.57% = 100% %WPearlite = 100%
0.748 0.77 0.022
EF-5
W
K
WK
K
K
K

KEF
KEF
K
(18.5)

:(1.4)

- 85 -
 174

(Carbon steel)


K
K
W
K% 1.4 J
K %1.4 J
W
K% 0.8W J
K% 1.4% 0.8W J
W(1.5)

J J
%0.3 %0.008
J J
J J
%0.6 %0.3
J J
J J
%0.8 % 0.6
J J
J J
%1.4 % 0.8
J -

:(1.5)

1-5

% 1 K

( American Iron and Steel Institute: AISI )

- 86 -
 174

( American Society for Testing and Materials: ASTM )

K


K
1

AISI 1020 1020

K10 J
K%0.20 20 J
2
AISI 2515 2515
(1.4) 25 J
K%5.25%4.75
%0.17%0.1215 J
F 10
E
K.(1.4)
-6



W
W J
K
W J
K

- 87 -
 174

:(2.5)

- 88 -
 174

-7
1-7

W

K 9
K 9
K 9
K 9
K660 0C 9

W
K J
KEMachineabilityF J
EFluidityF J
K
W

W J
K
J
K
K J

K
%10 % 1
K

- 89 -
 174

(Duralumin)




K
2-7
K
W
K
K
KW
EF1
3 -2
E F K
(3.5) K
K

1XXX %99
2XXX
3XXX
4XXX
5XXX
6XXX
7XXX
8XXX
9XXX

:(3.5)

- 90 -
 174

%99.70W1070
% 99.50W1050
%1.5%1W3004
3-7

W
J
K
K J

W
K W(Brasses) J
%50
K

%15K

K
W(Bronzes) J

K
W J
K%18%10
%2%10
K

- 91 -
 174

%12W J
K
K
W J
K

K %2 %1
K

4-7
W
K
K
KC
C999C800 C799C100
K
300200
-
K -

- 92 -
 174

WEFEF

EF J1
EF J2
EF J3
EF J4
EF J5
EF J6
EF % 10 J7
EF J8
EF J9
EF %2.11 J10



W

W J1
J
J
J

- 93 -
 174

W J2
J
J
J

W J3
J
J
J

W J4
J
J
J

W J5
J
J
J

W J6
FCC J
J
BCC J

WAISI 1040 J7
%0.4 J

- 94 -
 174

% 0.1 J
%3 J

W J8
J
J
J

W J9
J
J
J

W J10
% 1.4 % 0.8 J
% 0.6 % 0.3 J
% 0.6 % 0.15 J

W J11
J
J
J



K(1)
J1
J2
- 95 -
 174

A
)L (
( )

% (Ni) = 35W0

% (Ni) =31.5 WL

1250

% (Ni) =42.5 WS

( )
C

:(1)

A J3
C J4
KB J5

- 96 -
 174

(2)
J1
A J2
1200 0 C %3 J3
(Eutectic) J4
( )

F
A

727
2 22.00

0 0.77% %2.11

(%C)

( 2)

- 97 -