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600
500
Monthly rainfall for Laoag
400
600.0 300
500.0
200
400.0
300.0
200.0
100
0
Climate
100.0 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
0.0
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Classifications:
Type I
Two pronounced season dry
from November to April and
wet for the rest of the year.
maximum rain period
coincides with the peak of
the southwest monsoon
(July to September).
Type II
No dry season with a very
pronounced maximum
rainfall from November to
April and wet for the rest of
the year.
Type III
Monthly rainfall forMactan Cebu Season not very pronounced
Monthly rainfall for Zamboanga relatively dry November to
200
180
160
200.0 April and wet for the rest of
140
120
150.0 the year
100
80
60
Type IV
40 100.0
20
0
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 50.0
Rainfall more or less evenly
distributed through out the
0.0 year
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
- Philippines is located in the Torrid Zone, with tropical climate and also with:
* 4 types of climate :
Type 1- Two pronounced and 2 season: dry from December to May, and wet
from June to September (Ilocos, Zambales, Central Luzon)
Type 2- No dry season with maximum rainfall in Dec to Jan. (Catanduanes,
Camarines Sur/Norte, Samar, Leyte, eastern Mindanao)
Type 3- Short dry season that lasts only from 1 to 3 months with no very
pronounced maximum rain period. (Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya,
Kalinga, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao)
Type 4- Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. (Batanes,
Northeastern Luzon, western part of Camarines Sur/Norte, Albay,
western Leyte)
- The Philippines has very little changes in temperature but there are great
changes in rainfall because of its topography.
* Climate Change- is a broader term that refers to long term changes in climate,
including average temperature and precipitation.
Factors Affecting Climate
altitude
latitude
rays of the sun
bodies of water
amount of rainfall
wind system
*
1.Altitude
*Elevation
c. Trade Winds from March to early May; blows from the North
Pacific Ocean and reach the Philippines from the east. It brings
rain only to the eastern part of the country.
Global Wind Flows
Global Wind Flows
Weather Causing Phenomena in the Philippines
NORTHEAST
MONSOON
(AMIHAN)
TROPICAL
CYCLONE
L
L L
L
SOUTHWEST INTERTROPICAL
MONSOON CONVERGENCE
(HABAGAT) ZONE
Tropical Cyclones tracks in the Western North Pacific (WNP)
Tracks of tropical cyclones that formed in the Western North Pacific (WNP) during the period
1948-2006 1728 TC ( 1148 entered the PAR) 66% of TC in in WNP enter or formed in the PAR
*Cinco,T.A.,et al.(2006). Updating Tropical Cyclone climatology in the PAR., Phil. Met-Hydro Congress 2006.
Monthly frequency of T.C. entering the PAR and
crossing the Philippines (1948-2005)
200 3.3
3.2
180 3.0
Mean
160 75 62 2.6
Number of Tropical Cyclones
140 Crossing Philippines 72
Number of Tropical Cyclones
Months
Peak month of T.C. activity is from July to October
Most number of T.C. crossing the Philippines are during October and
November
*Cinco,T.A.,et al.(2006). Updating Tropical Cyclone climatology in the PAR., Phil. Met-Hydro Congress 2006.
Vulnerability to Extreme Weather Events
Aurora-Infanta floods
(November-December 2004): Heavy
rains triggered major landslides;
cleansed the forests of its debris
resulting in heavy damage and
casualty downstream along rivers and
coastal areas in eastern Luzon (1,068
dead, damage estimate - P7,615.98M)
Vulnerability to Extreme Weather Events
GUINSAUGON LANDSLIDE
The whole island of Leyte experienced more than 300% of normal rainfall in February
These extreme weather events have one thing in common persistent torrential
rains, causing landslides and flash floods, killing people and destroying properties
along its path.