REGASIFICATION UNIT

REGASIFICATION UNIT
General Process

Regasification requires energy (pump and Heat) to gasify LNG

Odorant: A highly odiferous fluid or gas, usually a light
mercaptan, added to a gas or LP gas to impart to it a
distinctive odor for safety precautions and to facilitate
detection of leaks.

(Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2006)

 REGASIFICATION UNIT

General utilization of the cold in LNG vaporization:

1. Extraction of work from a power cycle that uses the LNG
cold as a heat sink
2. Use of the LNG as a source of refrigeration

(Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, 2006)

SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
1. Fired Heater with water/ethylene glycol (WEG) intermediate fluid

Water/EG : 60/40%
Approximately 1.5-2 % sendout gas is consumed by the heater
Independent to climate change, because of availability of heat
Low maintenance and capital cost, and high operating cost
Thermal efficiency :85%
(LNG Journal July/August 2006)
SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
2. Submerge combustion vaporizers

Using combustion as heater source

Hot exhaust gases are used to heat water bath, which in turn vaporizer the LNG
Fuel Consumtion about 1.4% NG sendout < WEG system (1.5-2 %)
Thermal Efficiency: 95%
Independent to climate change, because of availability of heat
High maintenance and operating cost, low capital cost
(LNG Journal July/August 2006)
SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
3. Sea water vaporizers with open rack

Moderate capital cost, and low operating cost

Flow sea water: 160,000 gpm
No fuel consumption but climate sensitive
(LNG Journal July/August 2006)
SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
4. Heating towers with intermediate water

Climate sensitive and found primary in warm climate

Minimum wet bulb temperature: 65 oF
High capital cost , high maintenance cost. Low operating cost
Advantage: producing power as a byproduct of the vaporization process
(LNG Journal July/August 2006)
SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
5. Gas turbine generators with waste heat recovery units

Water in/out WHRU: 200/300 oF

(LNG Journal July/August 2006)

SIX LNG REGASIFICATION SYSTEM
6. Steam turbine generator cycle (Rankine Cycle)

Water in/out vaporizer : 90/50 oF

Water out to condense exhaust steam
Steam cycle produce 91 MW, with 65 MW excess to be sold
High maintenance cost and capital cost, low operating cost
(LNG Journal July/August 2006)
Parameter in this Slides
1. NG sendout: 1200 MMSCFD, 1000 psig, and 45 oF min
2. Vaporizer inlet/outlet temperature: -245/45 oF
3. Total vaporizer duty: 700 MMBtu/hr (68% usage)
4. Gas Cost: 5 $/MMBtu
5. Power cost: 0.07 $/kW-hr
6. Interest rate: 5%
7. Inflation rate: 2%

(LNG Journal July/August 2006)

LNG Regasification Cascade regasification system

Propane
In : 0C at 4.7 bar as gas.
Out: -5 oC

In the first stage LNG is heated from -160C to -10C with propane as a heating
medium. In the second stage, LNG can be heated further using seawater in a shell
and tube heat exchanger.
Propane as a secondary medium is suggested because of its thermodynamic
properties with a low freezing point.
 LNG Regasification
Steam regasification system

Each unit has 2 x 50% booster pumps installed in canisters, designed for a send out pressure of
130 bar. The LNG is then pumped through a shell & tube type heat exchanger heated by a
glycol water mixture which is looped through a compact heat exchanger with steam from the
SRVs steam system. The natural gas is then passed to the export manifold.
(Hamworthy)
SEKIAN
TERIMAKASIH