Q2.

1) Concrete Pavement Construction

This video introduces the procedure and the function of different

machine to construct the rigid pavement. Some of the machine are
multi-function. For example, the paving track machine, it is not only
limit on paving the concrete into the pre-align location, but also can
use to compact the concrete and insert the dowel bar or joints
through vibrating. One of the advantage of these multi-function
machine can enhance the progress of the project. Time and cost are
always the key factor in construction field, the multi-function
machine can reduce the time due to the changes of the machine,
therefore, these kind of machine should be used in large scale
project or long road in order to facilitate the cost-effectiveness of
the project. Such as the high-way construction.
Moreover, the riding quality control is crucial to construct a good
concrete pavement. As shown on the video, the concrete pavement
has a great advantage that they can be given any surface texture
for using the vibrating plate to form the transverse grooves, the rain
water can be diverted effectively to the side channel, therefore, it
gives very high skidding resistance in both wet and dry condition.
The pavement construction also consists the consideration of the
surrounding in many years ago, for example, when the machine
forming the transverse grooves, they will eliminate the
undesignable noise effect.

Q2.2) Soil compaction

Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing

the density of soil. It is usually performed by using the heavy
compact machine to applying force into the soil surface. After the
compaction, the shear strength and the bearing capacity is
increased, the It is usually contained many types of soil in the
construction field, they can be generally classified as three basic soil
group: Cohesive, Granular, Organic. As shown on the video, the sand
replacement method is most suitable for test the moisture content
and the dry density of the cohesive soil. At the very beginning, the
heavy roller machine with mixing function is deploy for the soil
compaction. Dig insitu core sample ten times from the compacted
soil for determination. Pour the subsequent void with find sand to
calculate the volume of void, obtain the dry density of the sample
after oven-dried and divide by the volume.
We can also obtain the curve of dry density against number of
passes of roller and dry density against depth below surface. Thus,
the contractor can select the most suitable compaction method for
minimize the cost. The contractor should review the general
performance of the workmanship to eliminating the error of the test.

Q2.3) Paving Asphalt

The video demonstrated the procedure of making asphalt, the
asphalt is made of a mixture of sand, aggregate, and hot asphalt
cement. The sand and aggregate is collet by blasted the rock wall
and transport these crush rock into manufactory, the rock to be
crushed by the primary crusher and classified by the series size of
incline screens.
The standard of the rock size can be mainly classified into four
ingredients which including the sand, stone dust, five to ten
millimeter stones and ten to fourteen millimeter stones. Therefore,
the sand and stone is mixed with the hot asphalt cement (5%
asphalt content). The asphalt is then transport by the paving
machine to construction field.
The flexible pavement can open to traffic in one hour after the
completion of paving. Thus the inconvenience cause to the road
users can be ultimately reduced during the maintenance of the
flexible pavement. In my opinion, we should consider the traffic
condition of the road to determinate whether the road is suitable for
concrete pavement or flexible pavement. If the road is located
particularly in area where the traffic flow is high, the flexible
pavement should be chosen. If we select the inappropriate way to
pave the road, it is believed that the frequency of the maintenance
work not only cause inconvenient to the road user but also
consequently the loss of Hong Kongs economy.

Q2.4) Asphalt Paving Timelapse Video

The video shows the procedure of paving hot mix asphalt pavement
on construction field (nearby road way), the bituminous materials is
first spread on the road bed by trucks, the material then compact by
the compactor roller to the designate height. In my opinion, there
are many health hazards associated with occupational exposure to
hot mix asphalt. As you can see in the video, the workers lack the
personal protection equipment during the paving procedure, such as
the masks, gloves. Workers exposed to asphalt fumes will cause a
number health effect. The smoke releases from the hot asphalt will
cause the toxic effects of eye, noise and throat etc. The high
temperature of the hot asphalt also has the potential hazard to hurt
the worker who without any protection equipment. Moreover, the
video also showns the workers working nearby the highway without
any blockage to isolate the construction field and the traffic. It is
extremely dangerous for workers to works under these potential
hazard.
In conclusion, the asphalt constructors are lack of the sense of
safety nowadays, it is their responsibilities to create a safe working
environment to worker, such as providing the personal protection
equipment to workers and appoint traffic sign and banksmen to
completely separate the construction field from traffic road during
the paving works.