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Fig. 2 Representacin esquemtica de la formacin de radicales libres a partir

de fotoiniciadores con luz ultravioleta, con la finalidad de formar un polmero.
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Figura 3. Espectro de la luz visible variando desde 400 nm a 700 nm. La regin de inters para la fotoactivacin de los materiales
resinosos se encuentra entre los 400 500 nm, especficamente en 468 nm (seta), que representa el pick mximo de absorcin de
la canforquinona (fotoiniciador). IR- infrarrojo; UV- ultravioleta.
 3

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Figura 6.Aparato fotopolimerizador convencional

(3M-Espe).

Figura 7. Espectro de luz en un aparato

convencional (Translux) sin filtros, observndose
una gran cantidad de radiacin infrarroja.

Figura 8. Espectro de luz en un aparato

convencional (Translux) con filtro, observndose
una emisin de una menor franja de longitud de
onda (400-500 nm).
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 10

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Tabla 2: Componentes de una unidad de fotocurado halgena

 11

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#
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Figura 15. Diodo emisor de luz#
#
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)1#4/#+(27,%/+,-%#)1#)(0#),G1'1%&10#012,+(%)*+&('10B#*%(#&,3(#%B#F*1#
&,1%1# 1L+10(# )1# 141+&'(%10# J# (&'(# &,3(# 3B# F*1# &,1%1# *%/# G/4&/# )1#
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141+&'(%10# 9=1)1,'(0B# UVV!a# n/'/+D,# 1&# /4"B# UVV!A"# i()(# 10&1#Figura 16. Representacin esquemtica de un
2(H,2,1%&(#51%1'/#G(&(%10#1%#*%/#G'/%S/#10&'1+D/#)1#4(%5,&*)#)1#(%)/B#LED. Demostracin de la combinacin electrn-
(#01/B#3'-L,2/#/#4(0#ZcV#%2"#@1#10&/#G('2/B#4(0#.E@0#3'()*+1%#*%/#4*8#agujero para la emisin de fotones.
),H1'51%&1# J# %(# +(D1'1%&1B# +(2(# 4/# 4*8# D/4-51%/B# +(%+1%&'6%)(01# 1%#
7/%)/#10&'1+D/#9Z^V#[#Z`V#%2AB#+(%#*%#3,+f#26L,2(#3'-L,2(#/#4(0#ZcV#
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%2AB#F*1#10#14#G(&(#,%,+,/)('#51%1'/421%&1#1%+(%&'/)(#1%#4/#2/J('C/#)1#4(0#2/&1',/410#'10,%(0(0#9:(*0+D,4,+D1'#UVV!a#
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 12

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Figura 17. Multiples LED en
# lmpara de 1 generacin.
#
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 13

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Fig 21. Ultralume Led 5 de Ultradent: posee un led central azul y
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#
#
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#
#
# Figura 22. Emisin de lmparas LED superpuesto sobre las
# curvas de sensibilidad de fotoiniciadores PPD y CQ.
#
 14

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Fig 23. Lmpara de Arco de Plasma Sapphire de DenMat,

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 16

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Fig 28. Esquema de la transformacin de monmero
a polmero con su consecuente contraccin espacial.
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Figura 29. Esquemas mostrando las fases que ocurren durante la reaccin de polimerizacin de resinas
$ fotosensibles. El superior muestra el perfil de la reaccin cuando se realiza una polimerizacin convencional (alta
$ densidad de luz), aprecindose una fase pre-gel muy corta. El esquema inferior muestra un perfil en que el punto de
$ gel fue retardado, destacndose as mismo una fase pre-gel y una reaccin ms lenta.
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 25

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 26

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GP-$55$2$65D##;HHHI9### Figura 33. Tc. de alto pulso de energa
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 27

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Figura 35. Representacin de las curvas de contraccin de composite Z 100 (mtodo de medicin por
Strain gauges), cuando es polimerizada por la tcnica convencional (lnea rosa) y por la tcnica de pulso
interrumpido (lnea azul). En el perfil de la curva de sta ltima tcnica puede ser observado que la
deformacin es prxima a cero en los primeros 3 minutos, representando una prolongacin del punto gel
(Lopes; Franco, 2003 datos no publicados).
 28

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%"$3+'*+$",?&5'6"$8$3+$'+/&#6"%.$"+/&5$,&$%"$"0%')")'*+$,&$3+"$"%/"$)"#2"$,&$&+&#2;"O$$=5/"$\%/'1"$-./.")/'6")'*+$
).+$2#"+$0./&+)'"$0#.0.#)'.+"$"$%"$#&5'+"$&%$"%)"+)&$,&$%"5$,&P',"5$0#.0'&,",&5$-;5')"5$.$1&):+')"5$0"#"$%"$Z3&$
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$
$ Figura 36. Representacin esquemtica de la realizacin de una fotopolimerizacin gradual con un aparato
convencional. Demostracin de una clase I (1) que va ser restaurada con incrementos oblicuos. En el
$ esquema 2 la resina est siendo polimerizada por la superficie dentaria vestibular y en el 3 por lingual (20 s en
$ cada superficie). Estos dos pasos permiten una polimerizacin gradual. Otra forma sera polimerizar por oclusal
$ separando la punta 1 cm de la superficie. Despus de terminada la restauracin (4) se realiza una
polimerizacin efectiva por oclusal con la punta lo ms cerca posible de la restauracin por un tiempo ms
$ 2
prolongado (Ej. 60 s - 400 mW/cm 700 mW/cm ).
2

$
 29

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Figura 37. Esquema mostrando la tcnica de escultura progresiva,

que facilita el restablecimiento de la morfologa perdida.

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 30

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#
#

Figura 38 Esquemas
relacionando los valores
del factor C con algunas
cavidades encontradas en
la clnica diaria. Observe
que cuanto mayor es el
nmero de paredes en una
cavidad, mayor ser el
factor C de la misma, y por
lo tanto, habr menor
posibilidad de alivio de las
tensiones provocadas por
la contraccin.

Figura 35. Representacin de curvas de contraccin de resina fotopolimerizable Z100 y de activacin qumica Bisfil 2B
(mtodo de medicin por strain gauges). La lnea amarilla representa la resina Z100 polimerizada por 60 s 600 mW y en azul
una resina de activacin qumica. El perfil de la curva de esta ltima se puede observar que la deformacin fue prxima a cero
en los primeros 5 minutos, representando el periodo de pre-gel.
 31

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 33

Figura 39. Representacin grfica de las medidas de tensiones generadas (Newton) por la resina sola y
asociada a dos tipos de bases, Vitrebond y Filtek Flow. (Castaeda- Espinosa, Cavalcanti, Mondelli, 2003).

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+.#"%4$(4"$+491#0#%4($+4"$'#($0&(,"#($+491.&()#(@$$$

Figura 40. Esquema mostrando la tcnica de asociacin de materiales, resina compuesta y cemento de
ionmero de vidrio. Una base ionomrica construida en el cajn proximal con margen cervical en dentina,
funciona como un amortiguador de tensiones producto tanto de la contraccin de polimerizacin de resinas
compuestas, como de las cargas oclusales. Luego de la insercin de la base una restauracin de resina se
procede convencionalmente para la insercin incremental oblicua.

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 34

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