FIREFIGHTING AND PROTECTION SYSTEM

MC-01
Lecture 01
Eng. Nader Wadie
Mechanical Design Engineer, Team Leader
Eng.nader.w@gmail.com, Mob: 01220189060
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 Codes And Standards

NFPA
Local Codes and
(National Fire Protection Regulations
Association)

LPC ( UK ) Vds ( Germany &

APSAD ( France ) Egyptian Code Gulf Code
British Standards Austria )

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LISTING AUTHORITIES
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC)
Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM)

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 NFPA CODES
10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers

13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose
14 Systems

20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire

Protection

101 Life Safety Code

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 NFPA CODES

3.4.7.1.1

SUBSECTION

SECTION NO. INSIDE CHAPTER

CHAPTER NO. INSIDE MAIN CHAPTER

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 FIRE SCIENCE

Heat * The 4th Element is Chemical Reaction.

* If any of the three components are
Oxygen missing ,then a fire cannot start.
(21%) * If any of the three components are
removed ,then the fire will go out.
FUEL

* Fuel (Solid, Liquid and Gas)

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 FIRE SCIENCE

Heat

Both of Them FOAM system

Oxygen
CO2 system
Oxygen
FM-200 system
FUEL

HEAT Water system

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 FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEM

Water Gaseous Chemica Foam

System system ls system system

Fire Portable/
Automati Co2 Clean
Manual Extinguis Fixed/Au
c system Agent
hers tomatic
Fire
Spray
Hydrant Automati Portable/Fi
system Pre-
Sprinkler Deluge and Standpip c with xed fire FM-200
(Water Action Dry wet
system System Siamese e system alarm extinguishe system
Mist System
Connecti system rs
system)
on
Wet Dry
System System

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 *Wet Pipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from
sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.

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* DryPipe Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that
are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of
which (as from

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Deluge Sprinkler System.
* is similar to a pre-action system except the sprinkler heads
are open and the pipe is not pressurized with air. Deluge
systems are connected to a water supply through a deluge
valve that is opened by the operation of a smoke or heat
detection system. The detection system is installed in the
same area as the sprinklers. When the detection system is
activated water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads
in the system. Deluge systems are used in places that are
considered high hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft
hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities. Deluge
systems are needed where high velocity suppression is
necessary to prevent fire spread.
* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with Electric actuated.

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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* Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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 *Preaction Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system
employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a
piping system that contains air that might or might not
be under pressure, with a supplemental detection
system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
The supplemental detection system is commonly
electric or pneumatic or a combination of both.
Detection systems used with electric release systems
are commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-
temperature heat detectors, rate-of-rise heat detectors,
smoke detectors or other means determined
In accordance with NFPA 13, the preaction sprinkler
system piping and fire detection devices shall be
automatically supervised where there are more than 20
sprinklers on the systems. This is accomplished with air
or nitrogen gas under pressure within the sprinkler
piping. If the integrity of the sprinkler piping is
compromised, the pressure will be reduced activating a
supervisory pressure switch that transmits the signal to
the release control panel and/or fire alarm panel.

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NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF PREACTION SYSTEMS:
Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler piping upon operation of detection devices only.
Double Interlocked: The double interlock preaction system utilizes a detector system and
pressurized air or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping. This system is arranged so that the
deluge valve will open only when both pressure is reduced in the sprinkler piping and the
detection system operates. If the detection system operates due to damage or malfunction, the
valve will not open, but an alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is damaged or sprinkler is
broken, the valve will not open but a supervisory alarm will sound. The operation of both a
sprinkler and a detector (or release) is required before the valve will open, allowing water to enter
the system piping.
Non-Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler piping upon either operation of detection devices or
automatic sprinklers.

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 DOUBLE SYSTEM

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 Types of Hazards
(NFPA 13, 2002, Appendix A, A-5-2)

Ordinary hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard Extra hazard

Light hazard
occupancies occupancies occupancies occupancies
occupancies
(Group 1) (Group 2) (Group 1) (Group 2)

Light hazard occupancies: Churches, Clubs, Eaves and overhangs, if of combustible

construction with no combustibles beneath, Educational, Hospitals, Institutional, Libraries, except
large stack rooms, Museums, Nursing or convalescent homes, Offices, including data processing,
Residential, Restaurant seating areas,, Theaters and auditoriums, excluding stages and prosceniums,
Unused attics

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 Types of Hazards
(NFPA 13, 2002, Appendix A, A-5-2)

Ordinary hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard Extra hazard

Light hazard
occupancies occupancies occupancies occupancies
occupancies
(Group 1) (Group 2) (Group 1) (Group 2)

Ordinary hazard occupancies (GROUP-01): Automobile parking and showrooms,

Bakeries, Beverage manufacturing, Canneries, Dairy products manufacturing and
processing, Electronic plants, Glass and glass products manufacturing, Laundries,
Restaurant service areas.

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 Types of Hazards
(NFPA 13, 2002, Appendix A, A-5-2)

Ordinary hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard Extra hazard

Light hazard
occupancies occupancies occupancies occupancies
occupancies
(Group 1) (Group 2) (Group 1) (Group 2)

Ordinary hazard occupancies (GROUP-02): Cereal mills, Chemical plants ordinary,

Confectionery products, Distilleries, Dry cleaners, Feed mills, Horse stables, Leather goods
manufacturing, Libraries large stack room areas, Machine shops, Metal working, Mercantile,
Paper and pulp mills, Paper process plants, Piers and wharves, Post offices, Printing and
publishing, Repair garages, Resin application area, Stages, Textile manufacturing, Tire
manufacturing, Tobacco products manufacturing,Wood machining,Wood product assembly.

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 Types of Hazards
(NFPA 13, 2002, Appendix A, A-5-2)

Ordinary hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard Extra hazard

Light hazard
occupancies occupancies occupancies occupancies
occupancies
(Group 1) (Group 2) (Group 1) (Group 2)

Extra hazard occupancies (Group 1): Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409,
Standard on Aircraft Hangars), Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas, Die casting, Metal
extruding, Plywood and particle board manufacturing, Printing [using inks having flash points
below 100F (38C)], Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing, Saw mills,
Textile picking, opening, blending, garneting, or carding, combining of cotton, synthetics, wool
shoddy, or burlap, Upholstering with plastic foams.

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 Types of Hazards
(NFPA 13, 2002, Appendix A, A-5-2)

Ordinary hazard Ordinary hazard Extra hazard Extra hazard

Light hazard
occupancies occupancies occupancies occupancies
occupancies
(Group 1) (Group 2) (Group 1) (Group 2)

Extra hazard occupancies (Group 2): Asphalt saturating, Flammable liquids spraying, Flow
coating, Manufactured home or modular building assemblies (where finished enclosure is
present and has combustible interiors), Open oil quenching, Plastics processing, Solvent
cleaning,Varnish and paint dipping.

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 PROJECT

1 Schematic drawings (Concept Design)

2 Design Drawings
Tender Drawings (Design Drawings, Bill Of Quantities and
3 Specs)

4 Construction, Testing and Commissioning

5 AS Built

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CASE STUDY

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Any Questions ?

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