*****************************************************

*****************************************
****************
****
*

Rated voltage or voltages

Rated full-load amps for each voltage level

Frequency

Phase

Rated full-load speed

Insulation class and rated ambient temperature

Rated horsepower

Time rating

Locked-rotor code letter

Manufacturer's name and address

Frame size

Full-load efficiency

Power factor

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************..



.

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************..

OS H ROTOMA 3 PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION

 RTARTTSGHSTRATS HGIH.1
E QTTSGHSTRATS HGIH.2

LOW STARTING TORQUE

***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
THE RUNNING SPEED OF 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR IS
TERPRH R ITTTCHHS.1
EHTTTSRGRTTERPRH R ITTTCHHS.2
D HHTSRGRTTERPRH R ITTTCHHS.3

LESS THAN SYNCHRONOUS SPEED

***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
S H ROUMO SIOROH OIF THE ACTUAL SPEED OF INDUCTION
OMEUPTR U IMOMC S
SHQGE CHTS HGIH.1
.R STSHQHE CTS HGIH.2

NOT DEVELOP TORQUE

***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
UUSIMHRUOROS IUP MOUMCOMMONLY USED A.C. MOTOR FOR
TERPRH R ITTD S H.1
P DDISGS HTD S H.2
CRGTHTTRSIPST RTD S HT3.3

O CTOM OUUSIPHU UOS H RO3

***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
A 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR IS
THETTTSGHSTRA.1
R STTHETTTSGHSTRA.2

SELF STARTING
***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
60OOUUSIPHU UOS H ROOHTHE NUMBER OF POLES OF A 3 PHASE
BELOW 1500 RPM WILL BEOPEPR MORIUUUUC
C EHT4.1
C EHT6.2
C EHT2.3

O C R MO6
***************************************************************************************************************
..**********************
UUSIPHU UOS H ROUMTHE DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF 3 PHASE
FIELDTTGDHTGTTSRGST TTH SGSTRATDGARHSTP.1
H SGSTRATDGARHSTPTTTHESDIRECTION OF T CC TTSHTS TSRH.2

DU RSSAME AS THAT OF ROTATING MAGNETIC

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
THE TORQUE IN A 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR IS PROPORTIONAL TO..
GCCETHSTQ ESGAH.1
2Q.TTGIGHHT TTSRHTGCCETHSTQ ESGAH.2
TGIGHHTH ST TTGCCETHSTQ ESGAH.3

SQUARE OF THE APPLIED VOLTAGE

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
CTOM OOUSO3OOMHORHUUCO DWHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
INDUCTION MOTORS?OMUUCR OCTOM

O .CTOM OS H ROUMOU H1OOST R OMCTOM OS H ROUMOM RDOMHORHUUCOO3

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
CTOM O3OOMHORHUUCO DWHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF
T?UUSIPHU UOS H RM
DIRECT ON LINE )1
TSHESG/TTTSGH)T2
HHGPS HTTSGHSTRA)T3
GIS TSHGRTT HDHH)T4
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
CTOM OUUSIPHU UO3OO UWHAT IS THE EFFECT OF UNDER VOLTAGE
?OS H R
T .SRHTTGDHTE GSTHE MOTOR TAKES MORE CURRENT FOR
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
ST UOOOS H ROHRUCMO UWHAT CHECKS YOU MUST CARRY OUT
? I RR OSTHERMAL
.CRGTHTA) CHECK THE HEALTHINESS OF ALL THREE
TSRHTC QHHTPTHPITSTHTARSTTH DB) ENSURE ALL CONNECTION TIGHTNESS IN
.SHHDTRGECONTACTOR UP TO MOTOR
SAME FOR ALL 3 TDHGTIHHDHRSTGRSTTR IESTEHC) TAKE THE WINDING RESISTANCE
WINDINGS.
.TSTTR IESTSIHRTTHHHEE.GGDDTRAD) ROTATE THE SHAFT AND CHECK FOR
PITTING TDG HTTIHHTSRGSTSRHHHTTTTR E) CHECK THE CONTACTOR CONTACTS AND
.DG HTTTHDEEON THEM AND CONTACTS
WITH TPIHHHRSTTTRTGEETSRHTSRHHHTCRGTHTF) START THE MOTOR AND MEASURE THE
TTHGSHST'D S HEHTQHEETQTSRTRTSRHTHGSTRAT TTSRHTA TONGUE TESTER.IT SHOULD
EETPT****OVERLOAD, SURELY THE BI-TD S HTTSTEETSHTCTT RTSRHHDGERRENT.IF THE PI
TIEETE GSTHGSTRATBE CALIBRATED AND SET UP TO THE TSRHHDGET QHHE GSTTTTS
TTSRHTD S H
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
SOPOCOPUHEOOUSOE IOOR OIF YOU HAVE A MOTOR OF MORE THAN 100
SURROCUI OD ROCOMMISSION IT, WHAT SUGGESTIONS YOU OOM SOH
?OMSUHPTC OROOUSOCR H PHU UM R PHUUCOHT O
 IT IS NORMAL PRACTICE THAT WHENEVER THE MOTOR CAPACITY INCREASES
DGSHTTRTSHGST TTC QHHT QTSRHTITHT TTPTHPITSTEHHG HHTTTTT90BEYOND
HHAGHSTTSRHTTHE LIMITATION OF ITS DESIGN. AS TP RSGPS HTSIH
AND USE OF TEETPTHHEGETTTTGQ TSHS-****TSRHHDGETETCH SHPST RTSRHTITHT TT
FOLLOWING TDGSHTQRTPRTTR IESTRGQHTSRHMOTOR PROTECTION RELAY IS
FEATURES:
* IN T8S TT6S TEHTTHSTS TT)TRTSGRSGRH IT(A) SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
(IN=RATED CURRENT OF MOTOR).
2TTTSGEETRAT TTD S HTS TEHTTHSB) BLOCKED ROTOR PROTECTION (AGAINST
). TTD S HIME GRSTSHEGEHSTEETSRHTTSGHSTRATSTRT*
.CH SHPST RC) NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE
D) EARTH FAULT PROTECTION.
E) THERMAL REPLICA

***************************************************************************************************************
. **********************

what are the conventional ways by which the speed of a polyphase

induction motor can be changed

: answer
For squirrel cage motor -1
. by using a stator winding which can be connected for a different no of poles -
. by varying the frequency -

: For wound rotor -2

.by cascade connection of two or more motors -
. by inserting voltage in the rotor circuit -
by inserting resistance in the rotor circuit -

***************************************************************************************************************
. **********************

: ( )
P=T*W
P=T*K*F
F T
P
T
F
k
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
B F


:
 -1 E 75
-2 B 80
-3 F 100
-4 H 125
F
B F
B.
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
100 PT ?PT100

100

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

2
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

2

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
what are disadvantages of low power factor
?
large KVA rating of equipment .1
Greater conductor size .2
large copper losses .3
poor voltage regulation .4
Reduced handling capacity of system .5
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

-1 2 ( )

- 2 2

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
 Classify the power converters

Power converters can be classified into many types according to their type of
.electrical conversion

Inverter is one of these families which converts the power from DC power with
.)DC voltage to AC power with V (Voltage) and f (frequency

Rectifiers convert the AC power V (Voltage) and f (frequency) to DC power level

.VDC

.Choppers are dc-dc converters, converts directly dc to dc

AC/AC Converter (Matrix Converter) converts the AC power from a voltage or a

frequency level into another level
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
rectifier
half wave contrrol rectifier -1
full wave contrrol rectifier -2
half wave uncontrrol rectifier -3
full wave uncontrrol rectifier -4
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
UPS
: UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply Battery Backup

( )Auxiliary Supply --
--UPS UPS 515
UPS Telecommunication,Data
Center,Computers UPS Abnormal Condition
UPS

-1 :

-2 :VoltageSag

-3 :voltageSpike

-4 :
()T~V^2

-5 :

-6 : 50 60

-7 ( :)Sweatching Transient
 -8 :
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************





***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

)1: 20.
)2
)3
)4 ()soft starter

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
-1
10
20 .

1 ( )1
( )2
( )3
()
() .
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
KV -11 KW - 8740
MVA - 16 KV - 11/33
BUS BAR 33KV .
Star /
Delta Switch
Stator Reactance or Auto Transformer Squirrel
Cage
.Wound Rotor I. M Rotor Resistance .

- Wound
.Rotor I. M Rotor Resistance .
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************


- .





.

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
1.5
2
.

. Derating
***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
single phase induction
.

8 Starting


.

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

.

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************

***************************************************************************************************************
**********************
SF 1.15
SF Service Factory
15%

********************************************************************************************
*************************************

:1
:
}1- direct on line {DOL 37.
2- star- delta 37.
3- soft start 300 500.

:2 10. 20
:

. 2
1.5
10. 20 20 30
.
 :3 10.
: = \
10. 20 3
= 3\20 7

R , S , T , N
"380" 28= 7*4 * .

:4
:
:
: R
S R T.
:
.

:5
: : OVER LOAD .
: "" OVER LOAD .

:6 CT PT
":CT "current transformer
" PT "potential transformer

:7 CT
:

:8 C.B
: 630 800 3000 3600
SF6 , AIR BLAST C.B , OIL C.B , VACUUM.

: MINITURE 0.5 125

POLE 1
2POLE POLE 3 . POLE4

: COMPACT 16 32 100 125 200 400 630

.

:9 C.B
-1: . ""
 2-
3- 1 2 POLE. 3

:10 full load current C.B 10.

1.5 : ==full load C.B current
10. 20 full load C.B current 30

:11 OVER LOAD

: %90 full load current
10. 20 >..............
OVER LOAD
0.9*20=18

:12 Contactor
-1 :
2- poles
3-
4- auxiliary points

:13 "< "I >" , "V

"> : "I
OVER CURRENT RELAY

"<"V
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

:14 MOTOR STARTING

(D.O.L) direct on line
: DELTA-STAR
.

.................................................. ..........................

.
 :1
:2
:3
:4
:5
:6 BOKLYZE RELAY
:7 PLC
:8

alarm
trep

1
2
3
4
5
6

 hamdy abdlhalim showthread.php?p=169762FPRIVATE

"="TYPE=PICT;ALT showthread.php?p=169762

,
.

:1
:
}1- direct on line {DOL 37.
2- star- delta 37.
3- soft start 300 500.

:2 10. 20
:

. 2
1.5
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:3 10.
: = \
]"[SIZE="5 (
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:4
:
:
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.

:5
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: "" OVER LOAD .
]"[SIZE="5 ][/size

:6 CT PT
":CT "current transformer
" PT "potential transformer

(
),




:7 CT
:

:8 C.B
: 630 800 3000 3600
SF6 , AIR BLAST C.B , OIL C.B , VACUUM.

: MINITURE 0.5 125 POLE 1

2POLE POLE 3 . POLE4

: COMPACT 16 32 100 125 200 400 630

.

:9 C.B
-1: . ""
2-
3- 1 2 POLE. 3


85 20

:10 full load current C.B 10.

1.5 : ==full load C.B current
10. 20 full load C.B current 30

:11 OVER LOAD

: %90 full load current
10. 20 >..............
OVER LOAD
0.9*20=18

:12 Contactor
-1 :
2- poles
3-
4- auxiliary points

:13 "< "I >" , "V

"> : "I
OVER CURRENT RELAY

"<"V
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

:14 MOTOR STARTING

(D.O.L) direct on line
: DELTA-STAR
.

 %40
rated current
( )

%5 rated
( )

.............

=P.F P
S





-1 A.VO

Diode




-2
a.c
chopper ,autotransformer clamp meter
-3




.......

\
....



...

slip
power
) )P=3*V*I*P.F


..... Slip of motor= Sm=R2/Xeq
.... slip motor
Power

-1
(
)


 Stator& rotor winding: phase to phase ,
phase to ground , interturn By using
(differential relay)..
Unbalance phases
Open one phase
Over &under voltage
Over load
Flash over on rotor winding
Earth fault
Motor temperature
-2

Overload&shortcircuit

-1
) ( Slip energy recovery




 2 prime
mover

crawling

( (squirrel cage
1/7 Ns
slip

cogging




Voltage control
Frequency control
Voltage / frequency control
Adding resistance with slip ring rotor
No of poles

-- -2






:
(
(prime mover
.

( (Damping


.
Cycloconverter

.
-3


 -4

.
-4 AC
-1 DC


.

-2 AC

-5 S.M


.

-6 Damper winding

( (Damping


.
 -7

.
.

-8
-
P
Q
OVER EXCITED UNDER
( EXCITED ).

DC-
P
Q
.

-9
9
:

)1 Phase &Ground fault protection.

)2 Inter turn fault protection.
)3 Over&Under voltage protection.
)4 Temperature (Thermal) protection.
 :

1) Ground fault on rotor winding.

2) Loss of excitation.
3) Over speed.
4) Motoring of generator.
)5
-10


50 60
.

.

-11 BRUSHLESS

)EXCITATION

-12
:

Speed
Governor.
 -13

.1 (Same Voltage).
.2 ( Same Frequency).
.3 (Same Phase Sequence.
.4 (Same Phase Shift) .

-14
(

Over Excited
( ( Qmax

.

) (electric field
)(magnetic field
)(magnetic field
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/mo
z-screenshot-
4.jpg[/IMG]([IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7
E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-
3.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E
)1/Temp/moz-screenshot-5.jpg[/IMG]electric field

90

V=Vmcos(wt
(
 i(t)=imsin(wt
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/mo
z-screenshot-
9.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E
1/Temp/moz-screenshot-10.jpg[/IMG]i(t)=imcos(wt-90
90

i(t)=-imsin(wt
i(t)=imcos(wt+90
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/mo
z-screenshot-
8.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E
1/Temp/moz-screenshot-
6.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E
]1/Temp/moz-screenshot-7.jpg[/IMG

) (losses ) (core


)(open cicuit



http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/mo
z-screenshot-
2.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E
1/Temp/moz-
screenshot.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LO
]CALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.jpg[/IMG

) (electric field
)(magnetic field
)(magnetic field ) electric field

90

V=Vmcos(wt
( )
i(t)=imsin(wt
i(t)=imsin(wt-90
90

i(t)=-imsin(wt
i(t)=imcos(wt+90


) (losses ) (core


)(open cicuit



http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6
http://www.sayedsaad.com/montada/sho...CA%C3%D1%ED%D6

8
&
Eng.Farouk pm 3:24 2010 ,05

( )
(

DIRECTIONAL RELAY

directional relay . bus bar-generators -transformer

over current relay
relay ( )fault
( )fault
relay relay C.B
. : directional relay
-- 1 over current relay
directional relay--2 Instantaneous
 bus
bar
..

-- 3 BUSBAR DIFFRENTIAL RELAY

. voltage supervision relay

-- 4 HVHRC

: High Voltage High Rupturing Capacity fuse

.

-- 5
( ...)
( ) .
.
. ( ) . ( )

.
( ).
()
.

.

-
.
.
.

-- 6

-- 7

soft starter-1
-2



-- 8 .
( 50)
.
..

-- 9 ( )Tertiary Winding
Tertiary Winding



,
.
.
-- 10
1 -- .
2 -- ( )look out
3 -- .
.

-- 11 ?
-- 1 .
-- 2 ( )
-- 3 ( )
-- 4 ( )

-- 12 .
1 --
-- 2 open delta
1 2
-- 3 ..

-- 13 456
:

-- 1
-- 2 .
-- 3 .
.

-- 14 ?? Open delta



..
 -- 15 () ()Y

-- 16 ??ATS
()ac
alternator ac
rectifier matching
ac to dc alternator
()
.

.

-- 17 Armory
Armory

Is.c
isolating
..

is the IP standard "Protection degrees of enclosures What-- 18

IP
543 ex. IP
" "5 dust
" "4 "water or "liquid
" "3 mechanical impact

impact mechanical
.

-- 19 ANSI DEVICE NUMBERS

:
NO.2 MEANS TIME DELAY
MEANS DISTANCE NO.21
NO.25 MEANS SYNCHRONISM-CHECK
UNDERVOLTAGE NO.27 MEANS
NO.30 MEANS ANNUNCIATOR
POWER NO.32 MEANS DIRECTIONAL
NO.37 MEANS UNDERCURRENT OR UNDERPOWER
NO.38 MEANS BEARING
MEANS FIELD NO.40
NO.46 MEANS REVERSE-PHASE
VOLTAGE NO.47 MEANS PHASE-SEQUENCE
 NO.49 MEANS THERMAL
OVERCURRENT NO.50 MEANS INSTANTANEOUS
NO.51 MEANS AC TIME OVER CURRENT
VOLTAGE NO.59 MEANS OVER
NO.60 MEANS VOLTAGE BALANCE
NO.63 )MEANS PRESSURE (MECHANICAL PROTECTION
NO.64 MEANS APPARATUS GROUND
CURRENT NO.67 MEANS AC DIRECTIONAL OVER
NO.68 MEANS BLOCKING
NO.69 MEANS PERMISSIVE
ALARM NO.74 MEANS
NO.76 MEANS DC OVER CURRENT
NO.78 MEANS OUT-OF-STEP
AC RECLOSING NO.79 MEANS
NO.81 MEANS FREQUENCY
PILOT-WIRE NO.85 MEANS CARRIER OR
NO.86 MEANS LOCK OUT
NO.87 MEANS DIFFERENTIAL
TRIPPING NO.94 MEANS
..

-- 20
.

-- 21
:

Hz2000
mA30 60-50 5-3 .
-
60 50 .
-
40 1000 30
13 500.
-
.
- : (
) .
- .
- fibrillation

.
-

.
 -

- Let Go Current
.
- 50
65 110
30 60.
-
.
- .

-- 22
Ir IL - Io.c - Ioff - Is.c - InL-
Ioff , InL,IL,Ir,Io.c,IS.C :

-- 23
: fire fitting
:

:
( )

-- 24
- ()

- () ( (
.

-- 25
- -
-
-
..

-- 26 connected load ? demand load

connect load

connect load
.
demand load

connect load factor factor diffarcity

.
.

-- 27 recepticals bye 3 wire not 2wire as Egypt

hot and neutral only short
.

.
ground short
ground .
..

28
:
:Recovery voltage .
:Resitriking voltage .
:Transient over voltage
.
:First phase to clear the fault ( )Phase short circuit3
.
Resitriking voltage .
1.5 .
:Symmetrical fault
.
:
phase fault3
phase to ground fault3
:Symmetrical fault As
.
:
fault Single phase to ground
Two phase to ground fault
Phase to phase fault
:impedance Zero sequence ( )Fault current If
( )Fault ( )Neutral point
( , ......,).
Source impedance
.
:Inductive type voltage impedance
,
V110 .
:Out off phase switching ,
, Short circuit phase2
.

 --- 29 Over load ?? Over current


% 10 .% 25


1000 200
1200 40
240 .
.
.
% 25 - 10 .
.
Over current

% 50 .

( )
.
..

--- 30

.
- 1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Torr 1 / 1000000000


36
.
- 2 Circuit Breaker Oil



.
- 3 SF6 Circuit Breaker

1100.
SF6 .
.

: 31

- 1 single line diagram
 2 - wiring diagram
- 3
4--
- 5
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
11 -

32
1 -
- 2
- 3
- 4
5 -
-6

33
1 - :

2 - :
3 - :

4 - :

: 34
:
1 - 2 -

.

1/ 400 5/ 400 100/ 66000
110/ 66000 100/ 11000 110/ 11000 .
..

: 35
1 -

2 -

3 - 1
5 100 110
.

36 rated burden

37 p20 , 30 VA5
Name plate p
p 5 Accuracy class p
ALF 20
30 .
% 5 20
VA 30
P5 X p3 p6 CL KL
class class 0.5 class 2 20 n
.

: 38
1 - ()continuity
2 - 1000 10
20
3 -
4 -
5 -
% 10 % 50
.
-6

=
..

39
S2 , S1 K , L

In

= ( )

..
 40





..

- 41


65 95



50 70 100

42 ( )



2




..

43

:44
1 - 11 .

2 -
3 - ( )
4 -
.
 : 45

1 1 2, 1


66 .

66 . .
.

: 46 11 .

- :
1 -
2 -

3 - ( )
4 - 11 .
5 - 11 .
6 -
7 -
..

47 11 .
1 -
-
2 -
3 -
4-
5 -
6 -
7 -
8-
9 -
10 -

11 -

12


13 -
.

48
1 -
 2 -
3-

- 4
5 -
- 6
- 7 66 . 11
.
- 8 11.
9 - 2, 1
66 .

49
1 -

2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
- 6

50
66 . 220 .






51
- 1
- 2



- 3
4 -

5 -

6 -
7 -
8-

 - 52
(

................................................................................................................................................
.
- 53
( , )


.

. .
.

-- 54 Frequency load shedding

When the load increase ------------------the frequency decrease
the load decrease ------------------the frequency Increase when
Frequency Governor



speed governor /
stability
frailer
.....................................................................................................................
:
How the voltage affect by Reactive Power??55
affects directly with the reactive power in the power systems so if Answer: The voltage
power increased the voltage increase and vise versa when the reactive power the reactive
.decrease the voltage decrease
.

-- 56




3




= () / 3


.
. phase
.
.
.--

57 load bank resistor

UPS

( ) LOAD BANK RESISTOR
. STANDBY
.

-- 58

()
.
( ) .

-- 59 governor
under voltage
n f
.
air superheated
steam torque
.


.

- 60
zero sequence current
.
.

-- 61

""""
(())



.

.

(

.

-- 62 BURDEN
BURDEN .
BURDEN Volt Ampere Name Plate VA15 VA30
Accuracy P205 Cl 0.5
..

-- 63

.
( ) ,


-- 1
-- 2

-- 64
.
.
.
:
. 600

: 18
1733
: . 1800

: 1831
20 ( )
: 1865
.

-- 65 :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
 .4 .
" "
ELCB .
" "
MCB
.
" "
ELCB

.
-- 66 , electric field magnetic field
( )field electric ( )magnetic field

( )magnetic field )electric field
-- 67
90

)V=Vmcos(wt

)I(t)=imsin(wt
90

)I(t)=-imsin(wt
)I(t)=imcos(wt+90

-- 68
short

( )circuit open


.

-- 69



( )KNEE POINT
.


( )KNEE POINT
.
 -- 70 CB&fuse

CB FUSE
CB& FUSE
( )PROTECTION COORDINATION
-- 71 Faults
:Fault In Electrical Power System
Multi-phase Short Circuit "High Current will flow -1
Fault a- Balanced three phase
b- Single Phase - to - ground Fault
Fault c- Double phase to ground
d- Phase to phase Fault
ground Fault - Single Phase - to % 80

.

joints .

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
9-
10-
11-
12- Slip
13-
 14- crawling
15- cogging
16- squirrel cage

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
- -
8- :
- )(Differential protection
- ) (Over voltage protection
- )(Distance protection
- )(Over voltage protection
9-
10-
11-

1- skin effect-corona-sag-slip-power factor

2- transposition

3-

4- : - - -
 5- :

conductor- bundled-Ferranti effect-impedance -5

voltage power factor improvement

7- static var
compasator

8-

9 tap changer

10-

3- special machine

1- Stepper motor
2- Linear motor

4-transformer

1- single line diagram

2-
-
-
-
-

3- Y-D D-Y Y-Y D-D

4-
5-
6-

Efficiency
Regulation e

Transformer A
 70%
2%

Transformer B
80%
4%

7- open delta
8-
-
-

9-
third harmonic
10--
YD11
11--
)(outotransformer
12--
13-
14- 2
15-
16-
17-
18-
19-
20-
21-
22-
23--
24- 75-125..
25-

1-
2-
3-
4- Transposion
5- bundle
6-
7- 132 500
 8-
9-
10- frenti effect
11-
12- phase not large or less 3
13-
14-

15-
16- tracking
17- (220 500 )
18-
19- ()
20-
21- ( )
22- garde ring
23- single line diagram
1- -2 -3 -4 -5

24-
25-
26-

27-
28-
29-