Increase Pressure Deep Ocean Crust

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Date: 7/23/2010 10:41:51 AM
1. Increase Pressure Deep Mine

Scribd is a way to easily put your documents online. ... Results Search: Found: Date: 1. increase
pressure deep ocean crust (All the words) 775 ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34330586/Increase-Pressure-Deep-Mine
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2. August 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights

2010/07/15 ( Geological Society of America ) Digging dinosaurs, burrowing worms, weakened
rocks, immobilized uranium, slowstanding sea levels, isolated nunataks, colliding sediments,
retreating ice sh...
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-07/gsoa-a2g071510.php
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3. Ocean 540: Conduction

May 2004 - ...through the ocean crust. These are processes that shape the ocean basins,
imparting...migration into the crust, to transfer of...04 surficial ocean sediment 0.9...the
temperature increase with depth into...temperature of the deep ocean: Eq 3.
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec01-3
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4. About.com Space / Astronomy: Most Popular Articles

In the picture are eastern Asia, the western Pacific Ocean and part of the Arctic. ... If you watched
either of the 1998 movies Deep Impact or Armageddon, ... amount of fusion crust, probable type,
and anything else that might be important. .... With a ver
http://space.about.com/popular.htm
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5. Resolved Question: Deep Ocean exploration? (Answers: 2 ...

Wow this is a very good question! I will answer your question as accurate as I can. One reason we
have for more outer space exploration than deep ocean exploration, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup0kujlMCPYA72GEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12nvrd5v1/EXP=1278938020/**http://answers.yahoo.com/
question/index?qid=20080205234409AABKsBs
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6. [PDF] Ocean Margin Drilling

In deep water, however, the lithostatic pressure begins to increase at ...... margins, and ocean
crust and paleoenvironment can be shoved under the ...
http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.fas.org/ota/reports/8014.pdf&sa=U&ei=azhITNK2MdHU
ngfm66jnDQ&ved=0CA4QFjAB&usg=AFQjCNFw_nzwae7EYRiz3ppo8qlJQFRPBg
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7. About Facts Net

The Mariana Trench is the deepest place in any ocean. It is almost 7 miles deep. ... The water
pressure on the bottom of the ocean in the deep parts is hundreds of times what ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72ooujlMIiMBCnuEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11m8d4qr7/EXP=1278938024/**http://aboutfacts.net/Plac
es23.htm
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8. AGU journal highlights - 6 October 2005
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-10/agu-
ajh100605.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
&col=ev3rel&n=8&la=en
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9. AGU Journal Highlights -- Aug. 14, 2007
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10. April 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-03/gsoa
-m2g032510.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++cru
st&col=ev3rel&n=10&la=en
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11. April Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-aga032508.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
t&col=ev3rel&n=6&la=en
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12. August 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights...

2010/07/15 Research & Development
http://c.moreover.com/click/here.pl?l2984101333
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13. August 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights...

2010/07/15 EurekAlert!
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14. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering petroleum
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/asu-
dbr100708.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
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15. Discussions of SIEM

>1. Assume the crust in question is in the middle of an ocean basin. > It will naturally be
saturated with water, with increasing pressure ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72ooujlMIiMBDHuEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rac69uc/EXP=1278938024/**http://www.sentex.net/
~tcc/h-t-vent.txt
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16. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.026
Jun 2004 - ...through the deep, low-viscosity ocean. However...at 1 bar pressure). Although
this...structure of a deep, vigorously...liquid water ocean on Europa that...for a 100 km deep
ocean, which...function of pressure and salinity...
http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rlorenz/europa.pdf
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17. earthquakes
deep-seated changes in the earth which result in ... pore pressure can increase in two ways: • due
to the ... the edges of the Pacific Ocean (including Japan ...
http://www.ayton.id.au/gary/Science/Geol_earthquakes.htm
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18. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria by ...
1899/12/30 Even though scientists still argue about what life is, discoveries made in the past few
weeks have shown that much more of it teems on our planet than previously thought.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life---b
acteria-by-the-zillions.html
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19. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

Pressure increase drives materials into a solid form, whereas temperature increase drives ... of
ocean and continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup0kujlMCPYA8GGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13rse0ufc/EXP=1278938020/**http://www.globalchange.
umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth_ext.html
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20. Formation Of Lava Bubbles Offers New Insight Into Seafloor ...
... have a new theory for why there are so many holes and collapsed pits on the ocean bottom. ...
into microbes living inside the ocean crust, an area known as the deep biosphere. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupYrujlM2fMA0KeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12h34etll/EXP=1278938027/**http://www.sciencedaily.c
om/releases/2003/11/031119080025.htm
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21. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34180116/Increase-Temperature-Deep-Ocean
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22. International team to honor 30th anniversary of deep-sea vent discovery in Galápagos
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/coml
-itt062107.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
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23. January Geology media highlights

-jgm010809.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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24. Life on Titan

Aug 2008 - ...much as 200km deep, is presently...beneath a crust of water ice...hypothetical ocean
are discussed...over, the crust acquiring...base of the ocean, high pressure Ice VI and...interior
from the crust by a deep ammonia-water ocean leads to a...
http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/research/planetary/undergraduate/dom/titan/titan.htm
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25. Mega oceanic disaster...

2010/07/16 Daily Statesman
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26. Oceanography 104

(2) Three ocean basins: Pacific (1/2 of all oceans), Atlantic and ... 1/2 of crust forms extensive, flat,
deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of 1 atmosphere ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup0kujlMCPYA8WGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12aopgv2g/EXP=1278938020/**http://jove.geol.niu.edu
/faculty/loubere/Oc1041W04.htm
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27. Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas Fault
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/uoc-
-sam122109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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28. Sun and Moon Trigger Deep Tremors on San Andreas Fault : News
Dec 23, 2009 ... In fact, the shear stress from the sun, moon and ocean tides amount to around
100 Pascals, or one-thousandth atmospheric pressure, ...
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=42188
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29. The Dialectics of Geology

The surface crust is very uneven, containing huge mountain ranges on its land ... of an ocean
under a continent, rocks can be buried very deep in the crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77IsujlMj98A54CEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12f2t9hpa/EXP=1278938028/**http://www.marxist.com/s
cience-old/dialecticsofgeology.html
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30. [PDF] Pressure effects on martian crustal magnetization near large ...
The circles of increasing diameters indicate the peak pressure exceeding 5, 2, and 1 GPa, ... within
the deep martian crust. These are multidomain (MD) ...
http://ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/gunther/gunther/Kletetschka 1 copy.pdf
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31. AGU journal highlights - 16 March 2006

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32. AGU journal highlights - 24 August 2004
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33. AGU journal highlights -- Aug. 1, 2007
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34. AGU Journal Highlights -- July 12, 2007
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35. AGU Journal highlights -- March 21, 2007
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36. April GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-03/GSo
A-AGaG-2003101.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean+
+crust&col=ev3rel&n=13&la=en
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37. Earth as a System

The increase in complexity came about by an evolutionary process ... crust, ocean water and
sediments, the living cell and the hydrosphere, and the crust and the deep interior. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76o0ujlMLOsAatCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=123lfbj4k/EXP=1278938036/**http://www.newciv.org/ISSS
_Primer/asem22jm.html
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38. Earth system Science I

Since the Atlantic ocean is increasing in size whereas the Pacific is ... is that Pacific ocean crust is
being consumed back into the asthenosphere at the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuvYzujlMBQoBFDSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12aj5n0np/EXP=1278938035/**http://instruct.uwo.ca/e
arth-sci/300b-001/erthsys1.htm
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39. Earth's Interior & Formation of Magmas

Crust - variable thickness and composition. Continental 10 - 70 km ... Al changes its coordination
with increasing pressure, and thus new minerals must ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuvYzujlMBQoBEjSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12f7gip0g/EXP=1278938035/**http://www.tulane.edu/~sa
nelson/geol212/earths_interior.htm
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40. Envisat's rainbow vision detects ground moving at pace fingernails grow
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-08/esa-
erv080604.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
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41. Expanding Earth Knowledge Company

Site that promotes information about the Earth, and explains the Expanding Earth Theory. ... is
density increase, up to 2.3 times original density, without pressure increase. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupMwujlMRBQBiz6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11mfpjv2n/EXP=1278938032/**http://eearthk.com/Artic
les03.html
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42. Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science: Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in
Basic Ocean Research
Mar 2009 - ...continents across an ocean such as the Atlantic...dense than the ocean crust,
i"Diapir...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE SCIENCE...organized within the crust and
mantle? · How...biosphere from deep in the sub-seafloor...the overlying ocean? Â
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10854&page=23
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43. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the ...
This is because the pressure within the rock at the base of the rock layer's thicker, ... water below
the crust burst forth as "the fountains of the great deep, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupMwujlMRBQBiT6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=129gesmcg/EXP=1278938032/**http://www.creationscien
ce.com/onlinebook/FAQ312.html
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44. January-February 2007 GSA Bulletin media highlights
-j2g120506.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
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45. March Geology media highlights
-mgm022802.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++cru
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46. May 2010 Geology highlights
-m2g043010.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++cru
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47. November 2009 Geology and GSA Today highlights
-n2g103009.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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48. Oceans For Youth: Educational Website for Kids of All Ages
Oceans For Youth Foundation. Oceans for Youth Foundation is a non-profit foundation ... core,
deep ocean trenches are created. Thin oceanic crust forms at the mid-ocean ridges ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG764uujlMJzUBHcaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=129uj5eus/EXP=1278938030/**http://www.oceansforyouth
.org/whats-that/ftr0801.html
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49. Syllabus: Ocean 10 - Lecture: Plate Tec.

Feb 1999 - ...plots, particularly deep earthquakes at the...Tectonics: Mid-ocean ridges . Long
mountain...to the surrounding ocean floor. These areas...floor due to the increase in volcanic
activity. Trenches . Deep, arcuate features...oceans where oceanic
http://online.redwoods.cc.ca.us/instruct/RShapiro/Ocean10/lectures/plate.htm
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50. WHOI : Oceanus : The Big MELT

An ocean bottom seismometer on the Pacific Ocean floor measures the velocity of ... the MELT
Experiment to probe the deep structure beneath the mid-ocean ridge. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG764uujlMJzUBH8aEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=128sv0bo3/EXP=1278938030/**http://www.whoi.edu/oc
eanus/viewArticle.do?id=2399
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51. [PDF] The NEPTUNE observatory as seismic warning system *Harold Kirkham ...
important processes are talung place in the deep water of the ocean basins: .... they will serve as
laboratories for studying the ocean crust. ... and fluid pressure in holes that penetrate the primary
detachment fault .... The coordination of the NEPTUNE
http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/15734/1/00-1454.pdf
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52. AGU journal highlights - 13 December 2005
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53. AGU journal highlights - 31 May 2006
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54. AGU Journal Highlights -- May 3, 2007
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55. Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone

petrogenesis of continental crust
Mar 2009 - ...subduction of an ocean basin between...relatively high-pressure (HP) to...cherts ±
deep-water...resting on old crust both assemblages...relatively small ocean basins that
typify...phases in deep-seated...delayed by pressure overstepping...th
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/conrad/classes/GG672/topic9/Petrogenesis_SubZone_T
erraNova2005.pdf
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56. August 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-a2g072208.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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57. Continental collision - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[edit] Deep subduction of continental crust. The continental crust on the downgoing plate ...
Rainfall and snowfall increase on the mountains as these rise, ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search?search=Continental+collision
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58. December 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-d2g112508.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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59. Earth
This satellite view shows the Indian Ocean, partly bordered by Africa, Asia, and ... develop deep in
Earth's crust when heat or pressure transform other ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupU6ujlMvg0BkyqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rh91c1t/EXP=1278938042/**http://www.squidoo.com
/chikkasiddegowda
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60. Earth Structure | tutorvista.com
Continents and ocean ... between the crust and the core of the earth. It is about 2,900 km deep. ...
gradually increases down through the mantle to about 4400 0 C. The pressure inside ...
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-ii/universe/earth-structure.php
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61. Final Exam Topics

deep ocean trench. volcanic arc (continental or island arc) magma ... EQs caused by brittle faulting;
what about deep focus EQs? crust should be ductile! ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77Y4ujlM.ukAM.aEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ab16v4s/EXP=1278938040/**http://www.columbia.ed
u/~vjd1/phys_final_topics_04.htm
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Because these deep faults often intersect the earth's surface as linear features, ... somehow
pushing ocean crust away from the ridge, ocean crust would be ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77Y4ujlM.ukAMeaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12co10kgs/EXP=1278938040/**http://www.creationscienc
e.com/onlinebook/Trenches5.html
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... overlying crust, just as a balloon stretches when the pressure inside increases. ... of this
methane combined with cold, deep ocean waters to become vast amounts of methane ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupU6ujlMvg0BkSqEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12mee80un/EXP=1278938042/**http://www.creationscienc
e.com/onlinebook/HydroplateOverview7.html
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64. Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami

Oct 2006 - ...Scientific Background on the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Summary...the
theory was correct, the ocean floor in the eastern part of...amount of compression should increase
rapidly and systematically from...east across the Central Indian
http://iri.ldeo.columbia.edu/~lareef/tsunami
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65. Jan. GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-jga010506.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
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66. July 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
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67. June 2010 Geology and GSA Today highlights

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68. Keeping the Earth's plates oiled
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-08/esf-k
te081007.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust&
amp;col=ev3rel&n=26&la=en
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69. Mantle (geology) - New World Encyclopedia

The distinction between crust and mantle is based on chemistry, rock types, ... crust and mantle)
and on the increase in temperature and pressure as one moves ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulU2ujlMHgwB9myEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12eqgf4dl/EXP=1278938038/**http://www.newworldency
clopedia.org/entry/Mantle_(geology)
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70. Ocean Continent Transition - 19-21 septembre 2007 - Programme et résumés

Sep 2007 - ...radiolarite (a typical ocean–continent transition...characteristic of the deep ocean
floor, and E.B...ophiolites as ocean crust appears for the first...Transition Océan Continent »,
Institut...temperature, (fluid) pressure, and material..
http://www.academie-sciences.fr/conferences/colloques/pdf/OCTmeeting2007Paris-PROGRAM.pdf
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71. Ocean Margin Drilling

Mar 2007 - ...is both a continuation of deep ocean drilling under NSF earth sciences...of continental
margins and ocean crust where very deep drilling is necessary to penetrate...margins (2) the
earth’s crust beneath the deep ocean and (3) the deep sea s
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1980/8014/8014.PDF
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72. Ocean Margin Drilling

Apr 2001 - ...is both a continuation of deep ocean drilling under NSF earth sciences...of continental
margins and ocean crust where very deep drilling is necessary to penetrate...margins (2) the
earth’s crust beneath the deep ocean and (3) the deep sea s
http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/ota/Ota_5/DATA/1980/8014.PDF
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73. Oceanic Environment

Mid-ocean ridges-oceanic crust is created by volcanism. Trench zones ... with maybe a slight
increase (due to saline deep ocean water) through the rest ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulU2ujlMHgwB.GyEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11v45piao/EXP=1278938038/**http://www.csun.edu/~s
d51881/ocean_env.html
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74. Oceanography - Crystalinks

... deep-sea drilling and seismic profiling of the terrestrial crust below the ocean bottom. ... in the
face of increasing human demands made on them. Ocean Basins. The first major ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulU2ujlMHgwB92yEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=120m5v5i1/EXP=1278938038/**http://www.crystalinks.co
m/oceanography.html
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75. October GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-oga092706.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
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76. Peridotite - New World Encyclopedia

Nov 6, 2008 ... Below that depth, olivine is converted to a higher-pressure mineral. ... The
peridotite below the ocean crust, "abyssal peridotite," is found on the walls of rifts in the deep sea
floor. ... This hydration reaction involves considerable inc
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Peridotite
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77. PLATE TECTONICS: Lecture 2

Aug 1999 - ...used to date the ocean floor. Melting...liquids to form the ocean crust, leaving a
residue...lithosphere. The ocean lithosphere suffers...silicate minerals increase with
increasing...surface. As hot deep mantle rises...it will, as pressure fa
http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/redir.pl?url=http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lectur
e2.html&handle=996768422-24370
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78. SDI Glossary

The buffer factor relates the partial pressure of CO2 in the ocean to the ... Compared with C4
plants, C3 plants show a greater increase in ..... water-bodies , the Earth's crust and living
organisms. ..... The permanent thermocline separates the warm mixe
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/iwgsdi/glossary.html
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79. [PDF] Solar System Lithograph Set pdf

ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of Jupiter's moon Europa, while .... Temperature steadily
increases with altitude up to 50000 K, while density ..... on Venus would feel like the pressure felt
900 meters deep in Earth's oceans. ...
http://stargazers.gsfc.nasa.gov/pdf/products/lithos/solar_system_lithograph_set.pdf
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80. AGU Journal highlights - 23 March 2005
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81. DOEI Fall 2002 Update : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Explanation of DOEI themes and example projects. ... to the deep ocean and present new
opportunities to study Earth's processes as multidisciplinary, integrated systems. DOEI is ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup8.ujlMZC0A4W.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rpnfdmb/EXP=1278938046/**http://www.whoi.edu/page
.do?pid=10655
81%
82. EESC V2200 - Plate Tectonics 2

increasing pressure pushes reaction this way. In Earth, pressure increases downwards. ... Why
does mantle convection build a crust with a different composition from mantle? ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupc9ujlM9xABIc.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb3
MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=134flh6g6/EXP=1278938045/**http://www.ldeo.columbia.e
du/edu/eesc/courses/ees/lithosphere/lectures/lec7.html
81%
83. Formation of lava bubbles offers new insight into seafloor ...
Scientists have a new theory for why there are so many holes and collapsed pits on the ocean
bottom. Researchers say the holes are probably formed by lava erupting ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupc9ujlM9xABIM.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb3
MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12lqkk2am/EXP=1278938045/**http://www.eurekalert.org/p
ub_releases/2003-11/whoi-fol111803.php
81%
84. Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Near the surface in ordinary crust, the temperature rises some 30 ... Increasing pressure causes a
reduction in volume of the rock by first compaction ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupc9ujlM9xABIs.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12g0cq2q5/EXP=1278938045/**http://topex.ucsd.edu/es
10/lectures/lecture16/lecture16.html
81%
85. January Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-jga011205.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
81%
86. January GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0122302.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
81%
87. July GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0062703.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crust
81%
88. June GEOLOGY media highlights
-jgm060305.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
81%
89. March Geology and GSA TODAY media highlights
-mga022805.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++cru
81%
90. May-June GSA Bulletin media highlights
-mgb042105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++cru
81%
91. Missions/Projects - Solar System Exploration Division - 690

The mission will also measure ambient air pressure and temperature. ... the current global spatial
distribution of terrestrial and oceanic sources and sinks ... The Crustal Dynamics Data Information
System (CDDIS) supports data archiving and ... EPOXI re-u
http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/index.cfm?fuseAction=projects.main&navOrgCode=690
81%
92. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Deap East 2001

Ocean Explorer Team: What are your responsibilities on the Deep East Expedition? ... With the
increase in interest in deep-sea fisheries and exploration ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu1w7ujlMsVUBJYKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12vro96rm/EXP=1278938043/**http://oceanexplorer.no
aa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/logs/sep23/sep23.html
81%
93. Physical oceanography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Instead ocean deep water is formed in polar regions where cold salty waters sink ... ocean basin
forced by winds circling around a high pressure (anticyclonic) ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup8.ujlMZC0A42.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=126l80f22/EXP=1278938046/**http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Physical_oceanography
81%
94. Planet Earth: Plan or Accident?

From where did the earth come? By what process was it constructed? Did an ever-seeing ... such
lofty continents along with such deep ocean basins? We would expect, using simple ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu18_ujlMgAwBMgSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11mmlmab8/EXP=1278938047/**http://www.icr.org/articl
e/61/239/
81%
95. Planet Earth: Plan or Accident?

From where did the earth come? By what process was it constructed? Did an ever-seeing ... such
lofty continents along with such deep ocean basins? We would expect, using simple ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu18_ujlMgAwBMwSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11i2rd887/EXP=1278938047/**http://www.icr.org/article/
61/
81%
96. September Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-sga082807.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++pressure++deep++ocean++crus
81%
97. Tags « NASA Astrobiology

Jan 31, 2008 ... Increased H2S in the Deep Ocean - Bad News for Life? ... destruction of the ozone
shield and an increase in atmospheric methane, ...
http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/tags/nai-cub-team/
81%
98. Testimony of Dr. D. James Baker, Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, before
the House Resources Fisheries Conservation, .
Jun 2000 - ...affected by winds, waves, ice, ocean currents, as well as hurricanes and typhoons.
Primitive ocean observations systems were initiated...these phenomena. As uses of the ocean and
coastal waters increase, evidence for widespread impacts...
http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/legreg/testimon/106s/baker0525.htm
81%
99. 42 SPRING 2002 S TAT ED MEETING REPO RT Engineering the Ocean Marcia...
Jan 2004 - ...what limits ocean productivity...grows, the pressure will increase to use this
information...sake of healthy ocean systems in the...under increasing pressure to better
predict...only hope is to increase food production in the ocean, although
http://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/spring2002/ocean.pdf
80%
100. Catastrophic Plate Tectonics IV

... brines gushed into the ocean when the fountains of the great deep erupted. ... subduction
quickly dispensed with the ancient ocean crust, how was it replaced? ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7yFEujlM4vcAFQCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12r7m7k2m/EXP=1278938052/**http://www.creationint
hecrossfire.com/Articles/CatastrophicPlates4.html
80%
101. Chronology of Defining Events in NASA History - History Home

Nov 15, 2007 ... It had been launch on 30 May, and it touched down on the _Ocean of Storms,_ a
.... a sample of ancient lunar crust called the "Genesis Rock." ..... and an increase of 10000 feet of
altitude in afterburner capability. ..... and the rotation
http://history.nasa.gov/Defining-chron.htm
80%
102. Deep mantle plumes and convective upwelling beneath the Pacific Ocean
May 2010 - Deep mantle plumes...the Pacific Ocean Nicholas Schmerr...that oceanic crust and
lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and consumed...strong viscosity increase accompanies
the 660 km deep phase transition...the change in pressure associated
http://mcnamara.asu.edu/content/publications/pdfs/Schmerr_et_al_epsl_2010.pdf
80%
103. Earth's Interior

Later the new formed ocean crust will be covered by sediments. ... Deep drilling has been done
before, but so far only into continental or oceanic crust ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG721BujlMKUYBjEuEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=122vj5i0d/EXP=1278938049/**http://whatonearth.olehn
ielsen.dk/interior.asp
80%
104. First Record for the 2005 Earth Science Videotapes

Jason-1 Sea Surface Heights - Warm waters increase the height of the ocean. The U.S/French
Jason satellite's August sea surface height measurements have ...
http://tv.gsfc.nasa.gov/G05-025_earth.htm
80%
105. GEOL205: Petrology

The older the ocean crust gets, the more dirt, grime, and ooze builds ... increase, but also would
bring up deeper material releasing pressure without ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7yFEujlM4vcAFACEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12jed7q8r/EXP=1278938052/**http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu
/~kenhon/GEOL205/petrology/default.htm
80%
106. Microbiology: Extremophiles

in very dry places - Dry and hot, dry and cold. in hot volcanic vents of the deep ocean -
thermophiles ... If we increase the pressure, the boiling point temperature increases. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup9DujlMxTMACW6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1296pnuse/EXP=1278938051/**http://www.theguardians
.com/Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm
80%
107. Next Decade Plan (2004 - 2013) | InterRidge :: International ...

Deep Earth Sampling. Global Exploration. The scientific questions which InterRidge Next ... Deep
holes in the ocean crust and mantle require proper engineering and planning, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG721BujlMKUYBi0uEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1237gh7h9/EXP=1278938049/**http://www.interridge.org
/ja/science/nextdecade
80%
108. Postdoctoral Scholars : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

With the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research addressing processes in the deep ocean,
fellowships are available to support research associated with the DOEI themes.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG721BujlMKUYBikuEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11ql5kq2b/EXP=1278938049/**http://www.whoi.edu/page
.do?pid=7655
80%
109. Scientists Solve 50-Year-Old Mystey Of Oceans' Seismic Buzz

Pasadena CA (SPX) Mar 10, 2008 - The latest buzz in Earth science literally comes from out of the
blue-the deep blue seas. For the first time, scientists have ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup9DujlMxTMACG6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13p0ihv90/EXP=1278938051/**http://www.terradaily.com
/reports/Scientists_Solve_50_Year_Old_Mystey_Of_Oceans_Seismic_Buzz_999.html
80%
110. Shelf and Coastal Oceanography

In a discussion of deep ocean dynamics, the effect of islands on the oceanic ... The number of true
deep ocean islands is very small, and when ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7yFEujlM4vcAEwCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12jbdlcuj/EXP=1278938052/**http://www.es.flinders.edu.a
u/~mattom/ShelfCoast/chapter07.html
80%
111. Sun, moon causing tremors deep in fault

Water under very high pressure essentially lubricates the rock, making the fault ... moon on the
crust and with the effects of ocean tides, which are ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geup9DujlMxTMACm6EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=135vmnite/EXP=1278938051/**http://www.terradaily.c
om/reports/Sun_moon_causing_tremors_deep_in_fault_999.html
80%
112. 2005 Submarine Ring of Fire

... the motion of large pieces of the Earth's crust ... heat of volcanic activity combined with high
pressure of deep ocean ... change from liquid to gas phase; conversely, increasing pressure ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05fire/background/edu/media/rof05_gas.pdf
79%
113. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria ...
"Vast populations of SAR11 increase during the summer and decrease during the winter, in a ... In
the light of recent work, the deep ocean crust can now be viewed as an immense " ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_VIujlM.AMAbAKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=14fllrium/EXP=1278938056/**http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life-bacteria-by-the-zillions.html
79%
114. Geoffrey Bromiley

Mar 2009 - ...rutile during lower pressure melting of subducting crust results in characteristic...not
observed in ocean island basalts...melting of ancient crust as a source for...this is because pressure
has a marked effect...most notably an increase in
http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/homes/gbromile
79%
115. groundwater utilization and sustainability, sustainability of groundwater, sustainable

yield of groundwater, sustainable ...
Victor M. Ponce,Nov 2009 - ...times are associated with deep groundwater. Significantly, renewal
rates of deep groundwater are about 1/15...lying zones of the Earth's crust (Fig. 6). Deep
groundwater discharges directly into the ocean. Source: Ministry of
http://groundwater.sdsu.edu/
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116. http://www.ocean.com/ > Science and Technology

Corals from the Deep "New research shows that the second most diverse group of hard ... drilling
all the way through ocean crust into the Earth's mantle. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76NFujlM6csA0ICEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=138qdgkjc/EXP=1278938053/**http://www.ocean.com/cat
egory.asp?locationid=2&tabid=&subtabid=228&CatID=228
79%
117. Increase Temperature Deep Mine

Increase Pressure Deep Oil Well. From: ... 31. 32. 33. ... Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust
Deep sea technology and ocean mining group of NIOT has been ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34458962/Increase-Temperature-Deep-Mine
79%
118. Neal Adams Science Project New Model of the Universe Two Guys ...
At a given distance out into the ocean the ocean floor suddenly drops off and goes down ... deep
ocean floor, where we find the second lower crust, the Oceanic ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG789HujlMWZoAVSKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11tgbsgk1/EXP=1278938055/**http://www.continuitys
tudios.net/nmu.html
79%
119. ocean definition of ocean in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Encyclopedia article about ocean. Information about ocean in the Columbia Encyclopedia, ...
Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to the weight of the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG789HujlMWZoAVCKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=124q35sjr/EXP=1278938055/**http://encyclopedia2.thefr
eedictionary.com/ocean
79%
120. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment

Jun 9, 2010... super high pressure release of oil from under the earth's crust is ... This is killing all
life in the ocean. Along with the oil along ... The hole will continue to increase in size allowing more
and ... This will allow the water, under the
http://www.rense.com/general91/oilor.htm
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121. Physical Sciences

The COOL Classroom is a collection of interdisciplinary science lessons (Earth, Physics and Biology
lessons) that use data from the Coastal Ocean Observation ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76NFujlM6csA0YCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hg1ai07/EXP=1278938053/**http://www.coolclassroo
m.org/whats_cool/physicalsciences.html
79%
122. Plate Tectonic processes - Australian Museum

Since the 1950s, several discoveries have led to a new understanding of how the Earth ... on old
ocean floor and trenches, and in rapidly subsiding basins on continental crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_VIujlM.AMAbQKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12bj9gn5k/EXP=1278938056/**http://australianmuseum
.net.au/Plate-Tectonic-processes
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123. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology - Cambridge ...

With increasing depth and pressure, the liquid undergoes a phase ... Deep drill holes probe only
the top few kilometers of the crust, and extrapolating temperatures measured in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77hJujlMwGQApAGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=132df189s/EXP=1278938057/**http://www.cambridge.
org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521880060&ss=exc
79%
124. Shock metamorphism on the ocean floor (numerical simulations)

Artemieva, N.A. / Shuvalov, V.V.,Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in
Oceanography,49(6),p.959-968,Jan 2002 - ...metamorphism on the ocean floor
(numerical...unknown in deep-ocean basins. Important...the ocean crust is younger...critical
pressure
http://208.68.138.205/srsapp/search?q=increase+pressure+deep+ocean+crust&t=all&p=50&drill
=yes&md5=2053d169dd1b1fe97b631642ad1cd0b9
79%
125. Terrestrial Ecoregions - Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra (AN1104)

Dec 2008 - ...the southern Indian Ocean Tundra 3,200 square...the southern Indian Ocean: Prince
Edward...cats put significant pressure on breeding birds such...of the West Indian Ocean Ridge.
These two...bisected by the 2km deep Indivat basin, east...abrup
http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/an/an1104_full.html
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126. Dictionary of Geological Terms

Bar: A unit of pressure equal to 10 to the sixth dynes/square centimeter; ... layers by phase
changes that are caused by the increase in pressure with depth. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77dLujlM8NEAK5iEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=127ri2acp/EXP=1278938059/**http://www.geotech.org/
survey/geotech/dictiona.html
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127. Earthquakes Review

... of rocks with increasing temperature and pressure (i.e., increasing ... mainly by fracture,
whereas rocks in the deep crust and ... filled by new igneous material (e.g., mid-ocean ...
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/EQ_hazards.html
78%
128. From unthinned continent to ocean: The deep structure of the West Iberia passive
continental margin at 38oN
Afilhado, A. / Matias, L. / Shiobara, H. / Hirn, A. / Mendes-Victor, L. / Shimamura,
H.,Tectonophysics,458(1),p.9-50,Oct 2008 - ...in the text. The increase of Pn amplitude
observed...km/s) imaging the deep crust and the lithospheric...is followed by its i
=yes&md5=2fe1417ebe5d1ecf3c613e9da597a72b
78%
129. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.htm
Feb 2010 - ...through oceanic crust. Ophiolites occur...onto continental crust. During
this...consisting of deep sea sediments...there is a sharp increase in the density...the base of the
crust, and is thus...snake rock". Ocean Basins 2/8...divide at low p
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.pdf
78%
130. Loop Current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although hurricanes do increase in strength over warmer water, it has not been ... Benthic · Deep
ocean water · Deep sea · Littoral · Mesopelagic · Oceanic zone ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuiNMujlMtb4AfGmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11ti6rand/EXP=1278938060/**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Loop_Current
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131. lte 5 - download free pdf
Superhurricanes, fast deep water tides, and typhoons can also scoop ... to reduce time are:
increase heat; increase pressure; add motions; introduce electric ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77dLujlM8NEAKpiEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rnhu7oi/EXP=1278938059/**http://www.scribd.com/doc
/1758103/lte-5
78%
132. thermocline: Definition from Answers.com

The temperature of the deep ocean drops gradually with depth. ... it reaches 2.3 °C (colder as
depth and pressure increase) the temperature well below the surface is usually ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuiNMujlMtb4AfWmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11soh7efc/EXP=1278938060/**http://www.answers.co
m/topic/thermocline
78%
133. Unit 2. The Open Ocean

May 2008 - ...Coastal upwelling 413. Coastal sinking 2–3. Deep-Ocean Circulation 414. Deep-ocean
circulation 415. Ocean fronts and eddies’ 2...past Formosa and continues northeastward in the
deep ocean area between the China Sea and the Ryukyu Islands.
http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U2.htm
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134. [DOC]Integrated Coordinated Science Framework

At some continental margins deep ocean trenches mark the places where the ... If the subduction
of denser oceanic crust occurs underneath a continent, ... down to depths where they are
subjected to increased pressures and temperatures. ...
http://www.csun.edu/~dla16236/subjects/integratedcoordinatedscience/notes/ICS%20Framework
%20Component%201.doc
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135. [RTF]Ocean Basins

... As the oceanic crust travels away from the ridge crest it cools and ... Mostly composed of quartz,
very resistant to weathering; Some deep ocean, very fine wind blown clays ... (increase pH) or
dissolution (decrease pH) of calcium carbonate CaCO3 ... W
http://www.miracosta.edu/home/jturbeville/Oceanography%20section%202%20fall%202006.rtf
77%
136. <!DOCTYPE xhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional ...

3) Ocean salinity is constant. Since life started on Earth, the energy provided by the ... increase of
coccolithophoride life, increasing the amount of CO2 locked in the ocean ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupNTujlMzAoB7duEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13s8ek4il/EXP=1278938067/**http://www.mines.uidaho
.edu/~sprenke/PhysicalGeology/TRANSPARENT_TEXT/Physical_Geology_A_Study_Guide.txt
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137. A Few Silly Flaws In Walter Brown's Hydroplate Theory

Since the water was under great pressure, it shot out of the crust like fountains, ...
magnetostratigraphy of the ocean crust, overlying sediments, and terrestrial lava flows, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72BRujlMSSUBA4iEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11v6ui7oh/EXP=1278938065/**http://mypage.direct.ca/w/
writer/hydro.html
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138. ChEss, biogeography of hydrothermal vents and coldseeps for ...
Lava erupts onto the ocean floor, forming the new oceanic crust. ... Pressure will increase by 1
atmosphere every 10 meters, so if you go to a hydrothermal ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72BRujlMSSUBAoiEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12a2j0s1h/EXP=1278938065/**http://www.noc.soton.ac.u
k/chess/education/edu_htv.php
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139. Deep Earth DIALOG #8

Sep 2001 - ...meetings IASPEI symposium on deep Earth discontinuities: configuration...structure
and dynamics of the deep Earth from superconducting gravimetry...wavelength geoid in
constraining deep-mantle viscosity was raised...indicated that ongoing ice
http://hope.simons-rock.edu/~bergman/sedi/dialog/dial8.htm
77%
140. Evolution of photosynthesis and the mantle as a biological ...

The deep ocean was suboxic by 1.85 billion years ago, following the mass ... Kimberlites carry
biosignatures including secular increase in the U/Th ratio in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG789PujlMWZoA8iSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=14l4iqju8/EXP=1278938063/**http://www.geology.utoront
o.ca/events_folder/evolution-of-photosynthesis-and-the-mantle-as-a-biological-record/?searchterm
=None
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141. Geology: Energy Resources - CliffsNotes

Our energy resources include petroleum and petroleum products, coal, uranium (nuclear reactions),
and geothermal resources. At present, about 90 percent of the energy
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG789PujlMWZoA8ySEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13jbbgbu8/EXP=1278938063/**http://www.cliffsnotes.c
om/study_guide/Energy-Resources.topicArticleId-9605,articleId-9595.html
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142. Microsoft Word - Workshop Report_DEBI_2008.doc

Jun 2009 - ...understanding of the deep biosphere, is difficult...most of the Earth and Ocean
Sciences. Conceptually...was supported by the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute...Science
Foundation Ocean Drillling Program (G...Collaborative Research: The Deep
http://college.usc.edu/debi/rcn/pdfs/2008DEBI_WorkshopReport.pdf
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143. Report to donors draft 1

Apr 2007 - ...of deep-ocean environments...Life in the Deep Ocean and Beyond...of oceanic crust).
Further...and high pressure is undeveloped...sevenfold increase over our original...WHOI’s Deep
Submergence...depths of the ocean – 11,000...ceramic press
http://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/doei-news705_21346.pdf
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144. Search Results ((keywords_en:EARTH CRUST)) - ETH E-Collection

Jun 2009 - ...investigated EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST...phases and high
pressure fluid in the MgO-SiO...seismic velocities increase at this boundary 6.8 km/s. The crust
-mantle boundary...EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL...
http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/list/?cat=quick_filter&sort_by=score&key-1=T_Keywords_EN&w1
=EARTH+CRUST
77%
145. Shearing instabilities accompanying high-pressure phase transformations and the

mechanics of deep earthquakes.
Green, Harry W,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America,104(22),p.9133-9138,May 2007 - Deep earthquakes have...The combined increase of
pressure and temperature...to its higher-pressure polymorphs. In...sliding in the
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_ui
ds=17468397
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146. Brazilian Diamonds - Window To The Center Of The Earth

The Earth's oceanic crust lies under seawater for millions of years, and over ... They form at great
depths and pressures and therefore can provide clues as to ...
http://www.science20.com/news_releases/brazilian_diamonds_window_to_the_center_of_the_eart
h
76%
147. deep sea-6.indd

Jun 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep
seabed,” this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely
to increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://update.unu.edu/downloads/DeepSeabed.pdf
76%
148. deep sea-7.2.indd

Jul 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep seabed,”
this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely to
increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed.pdf
76%
149. DiveNews.Com
... to questions about crust formation, the origin of life, ocean chemistry and more. ... huge ocean
out there, and the ridgeEarth's largest geologic featurecan be as deep and ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77NWujlMG18BTGmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=120acfvmg/EXP=1278938070/**http://www.divenews.c
om/print.php?sid=5538
76%
150. Enough Oil Below Ocean Floor To Last 50 000 years, page 1
... to drill, mine, and then refine Oil deep in the crust, underneat thousands of feet of Ocean ...
Back in the the olde days, oil pressure ... if in 100 years, the demand increase by a ...
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread197822/pg1
76%
151. Geoffrey Bromiley

May 2010 - ...rutile during lower pressure melting of subducting crust results in characteristic...not
observed in ocean island basalts...melting of ancient crust as a source for...this is because pressure
has a marked effect...most notably an increase in
http://www.sages.ac.uk/home/homes/gbromile/
76%
152. Meetings - IGCP Project 474 - Images of the Earth's Crust ...
Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lower Yangtze region, ... long-lived temperature
increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. The much ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77NWujlMG18BTWmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12grlrh7g/EXP=1278938070/**http://www.earthscrus
t.org/earthscrust/reports/canberra.html
76%
153. Melt-rock reaction in the lower oceanic crust and its implications for the genesis of
mid-ocean ridge basalt
Lissenberg, C.J. / Dick, H.J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.311-325,Jul 2008 -
...not result from high-pressure crystallization as has...in the lower oceanic crust may thus account
for...of evidence for high-pressure fractionation of MORB.
=yes&md5=9d5b58f3502d47255abb81926bc44fba
76%
154. ORIGINAL PAPER The Bremen ocean bottom tiltmeter (OBT) – a technical...
May 2007 - ...2000) show that ocean floor noise spectra...designs known from ocean bottom
seismometers (OBS), ocean bottom hy- drophones...sensor components, pressure cases and a
supporting...developed analogue deep sea level (Fabian...
http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/sensorik/publikationen/FabianANDVillinger2007.pdf
76%
155. The Internal Structure of the Earth

The increase in density is partly due to the increase in pressure with depth. ... below the ocean
floor or 20-90 km beneath the continents. The crust sits in isostatic ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu1xXujlMsVUBYomEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=126ujjvgk/EXP=1278938071/**http://www.apl.ucl.ac.uk/l
ectures/3c37/3c37-5.html
76%
156. Tsunamis - Tidal Waves - Flooding - Crystalinks

... a sub-surface event in the deep ocean; it simply has a much smaller amplitude ... of deep water
would probably not even notice the tsunami, the wave can increase to a ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuu5ZujlMBscAKmWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rmnclsd/EXP=1278938073/**http://www.crystalinks.co
m/tsunami.html
76%
157. Wapedia - Wiki: Mantle (geology)

Jun 16, 2009 ... There exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, ... Oceanic
crust is generally less than 10 kilometers thick. ...
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Mantle_(geology)
76%
158. [PDF]of Hawaiian volcanoes Volcanic plates overriding the ocean ...
May 4, 2010 ... picritic magma to the base (plus deep rift zone) and summit magma reservoirs.
These reservoirs ..... volcanic edifices and the hydrostatic pressure of ..... ocean crust may increase
with time particularly ...
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/60/1/277.pdf
75%
159. Bacteria: The Space Colonists. by Brig Klyce
And pressure is quite irrelevant, with bacteria growing happily in a near vacuum or at the huge
hydrostatic pressure of deep ocean trenches. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG781cujlMSCsBcWeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11qkpnutc/EXP=1278938076/**http://www.panspermia.o
rg/bacteria.htm
75%
160. CHAPTER 10 (Folds, Faults and Rock Deformation)

Tensional forces common along extensional plate boundaries such as mid-ocean ridges. ...
pressure, which is like the pressure you feel when you dive deep underwater. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG781cujlMSCsBcmeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11us8hc8a/EXP=1278938076/**http://www.uh.edu/~ge
os6g/1330/struct.html
75%
161. College and University Dialogue

The Pacific Ocean floor sinks into these trenches and slides below the rocks ... Gases increase the
pressure within the magma and decrease its density, which ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG781cujlMSCsBcGeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12dthv1hd/EXP=1278938076/**http://dialogue.adventist.or
g/articles/10_3_kennedy_e.htm
75%
162. Full Text Â"

For melting to the base of the crust, MELTS requires an 200°C global potential ... a temperature
drop with increasing pressure approaching the cusp is ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76xaujlM5vQALCGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hsqg3tr/EXP=1278938074/**http://petrology.oxfordjour
nals.org/cgi/content/full/42/5/963
75%
163. MORB mantle hosts the missing Eu (Sr, Nb, Ta and Ti) in the continental crust: New
perspectives on crustal growth,...
Niu, Y. / O'Hara, M.J.,LITHOS,112(1),p.1-17,Sep 2009 - ...compositions of ocean island
basalts...type mid-ocean ridge basalts...continental crust compositions...temperature at
low-pressure (1 bar) constructed...Note that at deep crustal level...sediments o
=yes&md5=6c8406b40eb0d604850f6229db0328b4
75%
164. Oceans Papers 1970-2000.xls

Aug 2009 - ...1971 September 294 The deep view submersible 1971...Model reference control of
deep submergence vehicles 1971...manipulators 1971 September 309 Pressure-compensated
electro...for outboard usage on deep submersibles 1971 September...from desal
http://www.mtsociety.org/pdf/publications/oceanspapers1970-2000.pdf
75%
165. Science Level 5

1) Which measuring tools and units could be used to measure the area ... deeper into the Earth's
interior, what happens to the pressure and temperature? ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuu5ZujlMBscALGWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12kvjj240/EXP=1278938073/**http://205.174.118.254/t
ms/cgi-bin/soltests/science_level_5.html
75%
166. The role of TiO2 phases during melting of subduction-modified crust: Implications for
deep mantle melting
Bromiley, G.D. / Redfern, S.A.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,267(1),p.301-308,Mar 2008 -
...A strong pressure effect is...of oceanic crust in Earth's deep mantle. Ancient...source for
ocean-island basalts...Nb in high-pressure partial melts...from
=yes&md5=353a3330cef5529462bcd7f636a7a600
75%
167. Compositions of Mercury's earliest crust from magma ocean models

Brown, S.M. / Elkins-Tanton, L.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,286(3),p.446-455,Sep 2009 -
...of evolving magma ocean liquids as a function...liquids as low-pressure minerals are
fractionated...as a function of pressure in the planet. For...FeO afte
=yes&md5=b6d53c881dc09995eb4ad027008a6e05
74%
168. Field Trip to Mars - Earthquakes

Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth's crust. As continents collide, ocean floors
split, magma flows, volcanoes erupt and other natural processes occur pressure ...
http://www.kidscosmos.org/kid-stuff/mars-trip-earthquakes.html
74%
169. IngentaConnect Carbonate stability and fluid composition in ...

The stability of calcite increases with pressure with increasing Fe/(Fe+Mg) of the bulk ... once
young oceanic crust is subducted at slow convergent rates. ... CO2 is fractionated in the solid and
deep recycling of CO2 is expected to ...
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/0012821x/2000/00000176/00000003/art00021
74%
170. Insights into the behaviour of sulphur in mid-ocean ridge axial hydrothermal systems
from the composition of the sheeted...
Barker, A.K. / Coogan, L.A. / Gillis, K.M.,Chemical Geology,275(1),p.105-115,Jul 2010 -
...the87Sr/86Sr increase observed in the...fluid entering the crust due to anhydrite...generate the
observed increase in87Sr/86Sr in the crust will be larger...behaviou
=yes&md5=130a814fb1bab4d29061ba90dea41030
74%
171. Measuring Sea Level

Since deep ocean temperatures change only ... variations, changes in major ocean currents,
vertical movements of the earth’s crust (up ... into a parallel groundtrack to increase ...
http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/measuring-sea-level.html
74%
172. Modelling the geochemical cycle of boron: Implications for the long-term ´11B
evolution of seawater and oceanic crust
Simon, L. / Lecuyer, C. / Marechal, C. / Coltice, N.,Chemical Geology,225(1),p.61-76,Jan 2006 -
...considering a vein-free crust (plain line) and 5 wt...alpha out-sw Ref. Ocean inputs Hydrothermal
fluids...convergent margins 4 20+/-5 b Ocean outputs Oceani
=yes&md5=356e8da1efa474c0e6c18bf32e7edc5b
74%
173. Plate tectonics

most have a deep cleft (a rift valley) along the ... spreading - new crust continuously formed at
ocean ridges. New crust ... 50-250 km) temperatures are high enough and pressure low ...
http://www.burdon.demon.co.uk/g12.htm
74%
174. Subduction adjacent to deep continental roots: Enhanced negative pressure in the
mantle wedge, mountain building and...
O'Driscoll, L.J. / Humphreys, E.D. / Saucier, F.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,280(1),p.61-70,Apr 2009 - ...a) Mantle wedge pressure as a function of
along-strike...Subduction adjacent to deep continental roots: Enhanced negative pressure in the
mant
=yes&md5=aa9dddad4e27fa721aa8a18781d8b55a
74%
175. Supracrustal input to magmas in the deep crust of Sierra Nevada batholith: Evidence
from high-´18O zircon
Lackey, J.S. / Valley, J.W. / Saleeby, J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(1),p.315-330,Jun
2005 - ...elevated in high pressure rocks of...intrusives in the deep crust of the Sierra...Paleozoic
altered ocean crust and...studying high pressure igne
=yes&md5=5449369c6f6a4ab9ff48122b214940fe
74%
176. The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing

controversy and an improved geological...
Jaffres, J.B.D. / Shields, G.A. / Wallmann, K.,Earth Science Reviews,83(1),p.83-122,Jul 2007 -
...progressive increase in seawaterdelta18O...effects of ocean crust alteration...averagedelta18O
value of ocean crust in the model...An initial increase may hav
=yes&md5=4d31515ac580e9d8c977726a0dc02948
74%
177. Tools & Techniques of Deep Ocean Geography

Getting to the Bottom of it: Tools, Techniques, and Discoveries of; Deep Ocean Geography ... As
the speed of sound in seawater varies linearly with temperature, pressure, and salinity, ... This
strongly suggests that processes in the lower crust and upper
http://dusk2.geo.orst.edu/pg/
74%
178. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - S

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1139-A1301,Jun 2009 - ...northwestern.edu)
Cretaceous ocean anoxic events...production? Did it include increase in average rates...the course
of an ocean anoxic event...Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn increase with distance...is
=yes&md5=08aa22a13363000546b553256ffaa9f0
73%
179. Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement
Soule, S.A. / Fornari, D.J. / Perfit, M.R. / Ridley, W.I. / Reed, M.H. / Cann, J.R.,Earth and Planetary
Science Letters,252(3),p.289-307,Dec 2006 - ...of glass in a lobate crust (3968-4). The small
circle...surface of the upper lava crust. Mineral phases i
=yes&md5=3247ca075ad4f479dda08bc99fff5582
73%
180. Nd and Pb isotope evolution of deep water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean during
the past 33 Myr
Frank, M. / Whiteley, N. / van de Flierdt, T. / Reynolds, B.C. / O'Nions, K.,Chemical
Geology,226(3),p.264-279,Feb 2006 - ...SS663 from the central Indian Ocean, located some 2500
km SW of crust DODO 232D in the northern central Indian Ocean. In accordance
=yes&md5=8e946bcd39db21797df2d2e71a6f0c47
73%
181. Nitrogen concentration and ´15N of altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP Legs 129
and 185: Insights into...
Li, L. / Bebout, G.E. / Idleman, B.D.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,71(9),p.2344-2360,May
2007 - ...5ppm, the entire oceanic crust transfers 5.1x106g/km...the N input in oceanic crust, and
its isotopic consequences...between the surface and deep Earth, t
=yes&md5=eb568e39160d0c1106b72f6537ef22cd
73%
182. Outln Ch12

Notable among these are deep-diving submersibles such as Alvin, and drilling ... in a deep ocean
area is about 1 km, and this rests on areas of old oceanic crust. ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/Geo/Jordan/MAJCourses/Fall_1999/ES1/coch12.htm
73%
183. Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater
Kasting, J.F. / Howard, M.T. / Wallmann, K. / Veizer, J. / Shields, G. / Jaffres, J.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,252(1),p.82-93,Nov 2006 - ...adiabat (at high pressure) or along
the...saturation vapor pressure curve (at low pressure). Fig. 5 Change
=yes&md5=c09d00c68b71e681d32d1b0e2dabe34b
73%
184. Partial melting experiments of bimineralic eclogite and the role of recycled mafic
oceanic crust in the genesis of ocean...
Kogiso, T. / Hirschmann, M.M.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,249(3),p.188-199,Sep 2006 -
...ancient recycled crust residing in...altered mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) crust, owing to
extraction...performed high-pressure experiments...genesis of ocean
=yes&md5=8b3a2a9700f3e2078f01ec240ba2f0ed
73%
185. Paul Yancey's DEEP-SEA NEWS

The existence of these microbes increases ... go to Main Contents & select HIGH PRESSURE).
Slowdown of Antarctic Deep ... Deep-Ocean Journeys by C. Van Dover (1996 ...
http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/news.html
73%
186. [PDF]PDF - Rheological properties of deep subducted oceanic ...

Below 40 km, the subducted oceanic crust will be controlled by ec- ... the effect from pressure
increases and transformation becomes more and more important ...
http://earth.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/fileup/PDF/02yd0969.pdf
72%
187. Chapter 4-1 Earth's Interior

... is cold - 20m down temperature starts to increase and gradually it gets warmer pressure ...
occurs where there are deep-ocean trenches deep ocean trenches- forms where oceanic crust ...
http://mail.evw.k12.mn.us/~dave.dziengel/S0024165B.10/2007%20chapter%204%20notes.cwk%
200.pdf
72%
188. Convection in the Earth

Convection in the Earth's mantle is driven by cooling from the surface, not heating from below, and
is unlikely to involve thermal plumes from the deep mantle.
http://www.mantleplumes.org/Convection.html
72%
189. Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite: Ca in olivine, revisited
VanTongeren, J.A. / Kelemen, P.B. / Hanghoj, K.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,267(1),p.69-82,Mar 2008 - ...necessity, constrained to the upper crust. On the basis of
these results it can...mechanism for accretion of oceanic lower crust. Keywords calc
=yes&md5=c023af2330c7ac27f6fea5bc8c46b6ff
72%
190. Crustal redistribution, crustmantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the

continental crust
Clift, P.D. / Vannucchi, P. / Morgan, J.P.,Earth Science Reviews,97(1),p.80-104,Dec 2009 -
...recycled trench sediment and eroded forearc crust to the net magmatic output of the
major...relative volumes of accreted and subducted arc crust, versus eroded se
=yes&md5=49442a3edd89a870ecd1ec8064705831
72%
191. Environment » Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

Jul 8, 2010 ... Also generally speaking the older the ocean crust the further away from the ... For
every 10m increase in depth pressure increases by one ...
http://www.awegrint.org/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment/
72%
192. Feedbacks between mantle hydration and hydrothermal convection at ocean spreading
centers
Iyer, K. / Rupke, L.H. / Morgan, J.P.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,296(1),p.34-44,Jul 2010 -
...184x105 P Fluid pressure Pa Q Volumetric...convection at ocean spreading...dramatically with an
increase in spreading...hydration of the crust and mantle
=yes&md5=fe22b65c4a38f38d66b3db35434263b1
72%
193. Geochemical heterogeneity and element mobility in deeply subducted oceanic crust;
insights from high-pressure mafic...
Spandler, C. / Hermann, J. / Arculus, R. / Mavrogenes, J.,Chemical Geology,206(1),p.21-42,May
2004 - ...subducted oceanic crust insights from high-pressure mafic rocks from...subducted oceanic
crust. The rocks experienced...and normal mid-ocean ridge basal
=yes&md5=af025a9b08f7f09efe538cca3c04aa4f
72%
194. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - B

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A66-A180,Jun 2009 - ...Conference Abstracts 2009 A68
Deep crustal xenoliths from the Scottish...varieties within the classic deep crustal xenolith suite of
the...Midland Valley) constrain the deep crustal structure,
=yes&md5=57d5e8ddf505ecf1e4e6d8081f14a00f
72%
195. H in Oxide Minerals: Geophysics and Geochemistry

Hydration of ocean crust. • Serpentine, Talc. •Chlorite, Amphibole, ... shear moduli and a slight
increase in the. pressure derivatives (Fig 2), consistent with ...
http://ruby.colorado.edu/~smyth/Research/Posters/H%20in%20Oxides.pdf
72%
196. High-temperature deformation during continental-margin subduction & exhumation:

The ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss...
Hacker, B.R. / Andersen, T.B. / Johnston, S. / Kylander-Clark, A.R.C. / Peterman, E.M. / Walsh,
E.O. / Young, D.,Tectonophysics,480(1),p.149-171,Jan 2010 - ...for the high-pressure to
ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss...northwestward increase in exhumation
=yes&md5=41a89788ce70f4fc0f7e92fd44dcb65d
72%
197. Karsten Storetvedt

The successive increase of hydrostatic pressure in the outer 100 km or so (the ... crust: increase of
upper mantle fluid/gas pressure has provided oceanic ... the thin-crusted Atlantic deep sea basins;
other deep oceanic regions across ...
http://www.storetvedt.com/karsten/review_minxiu.htm
72%
198. Mantle Oxidation State and Its Relationship to Tectonic Environment ...
... pressure form of TiO(2), native iron, high-pressure nitrides with a deep ... This results from an
increase in the Fe2O3 content ... zone, leaving a chemical imprint of ocean crust that ...
http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:17784487/pmid/sim
72%
199. The ''chessboard'' classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology
from aluminum to zirconium
Dill, H.G.,Earth Science Reviews,100(1),p.1-420,Jun 2010 - ...hydrothermal Fe mineralization on
the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean (Sonne 62 Cruise) (source: U. Siewers). a) Black smoker...rock
reactions (uptake of Fe) while percolating through the crust. A
=yes&md5=f5eddcfac70d93ec00c8ed30a257ccdf
72%
200. The rise of continents-An essay on the geologic consequences of photosynthesis
Rosing, M.T. / Bird, D.K. / Sleep, N.H. / Glassley, W. / Albarede, F.,Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,232(2),p.99-113,Mar 2006 - ...geological processes in the deep
Earth is the flux...mineralogy of basaltic crust. Mass transfer reactions
=yes&md5=a001e6e58500c92b90a10191c4305a5f
72%
201. Wikipedia:Abyssal plain - Global Warming Art

... reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges, it forms new oceanic crust. ... were unable to adapt to
the increasing water pressure and changing environment. Those species that were ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Abyssal_plain
72%
202. Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 69

... crust and the thickness of the sedimentary blanket increase (Anderson et ... and pore pressure
in the oceanic crust ... Eds.), Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust: ...
http://www.deepseadrilling.org/69/volume/dsdp69_07.pdf
71%
203. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - W

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1398-A1457,Jun 2009 - ...fill the Pacific sector of the
Southern Ocean below a depth of 4000 m. Such a large...respired CO 2 within the abyssal Southern
Ocean, and thus could potentially have...fluid-rock systems i
=yes&md5=4a7e30d387f1e454227272cdc451517e
71%
204. Ocean CO2 Storage Revised

The ocean is Earth's largest single sink for CO2 outside of the planet's crust itself. ... and
transported to the deep ocean as sinking biogenic particles or as dissolved ...
http://www.thegwpf.org/the-observatory/1236-ocean-co2-storage-revised.html
71%
205. Potential Questions

... in the deep sea, and explain how natural radiocarbon can be used to determine deep ocean
"mixing times" and ... foram that dies at the ocean surface and sinks into deep water? ...
http://sci.odu.edu/oceanography/academics/grad/comps_questions_only.doc
71%
206. Primary magmas and mantle temperatures - GREEN et al. 13 (3): 437 ...
... eutectic’, increases with increasing pressure ... reactions, towards higher pressure and higher
temperature assemblages. The average crust of ocean ... for the existence of a deep ...
http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/13/3/437
71%
207. Scientists Solve 50-Year-Old Mystey Of Oceans' Seismic Buzz

Pasadena CA (SPX) Mar 10, 2008 - The latest buzz in Earth science literally comes from out of the
blue-the deep blue seas. For the first time, scientists have ...
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Scientists_Solve_50_Year_Old_Mystey_Of_Oceans_Seismic_Buz
z_999.html
71%
208. Seismic velocity discontinuities in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Kanto
district, central Japan, identified...
Igarashi, T.,Gondwana Research,16(3),p.491-503,Dec 2009 - ...conversion points in the crust and
the uppermost...we did not use deep borehole stations over 300 m in depth and ocean bottom
stations...velocity gradient to the deep crust in this region...layer
=yes&md5=aacaf38e087ca652d278d60232d7710d
71%
209. Subduction recycling of continental sediments and the origin of geochemically enriched
reservoirs in the deep mantle
Rapp, R.P. / Irifune, T. / Shimizu, N. / Nishiyama, N. / Norman, M.D. / Inoue, T.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.14-23,Jul 2008 - ...formed in high-pressure phase
equilibria...reservoirs in the deep mantle Robert...geochemical studies of ocea
=yes&md5=ee289c5ce1f30887078cfb8e85770b69
71%
210. [PDF]Name: 1) Which statement best describes the continental and ...
A) the cold water deep in the ocean kills shallow-water organisms. B) sections of the Earth's crust
have ... D) density, temperature, and pressure increase ...
http://www.reviewearthscience.com/subjects/es/review/topic-spec/EQinterior.pdf
70%
211. A GIS Lesson: Plate Tectonics- From the Inside Out!!

... of the lithosphere that is oceanic or continental crust and the uppermost mantle. ... of the
Earth's crust are concentrated in narrow belts. along ridges, deep-sea trenches and ...
http://arcims.mathsciencecenter.info/website/platetectonics/docs/background.pdf
70%
212. A helium, argon, and nitrogen record of the upper continental crust (KTB drill holes,
Oberpfalz, Germany): implications...
Bach, W. / Naumann, D. / Erzinger, J.,Chemical Geology,160(1),p.81-101,Jul 1999 - ...upper
continental crust (KTB drill holes...from the German Deep Drilling Project...concentrations appear to
increase with depth. Calculated...in continental crust based on
=yes&md5=92cbe2efc7e38035b2868f476a44cdd6
70%
213. Characteristics of a kilometer-scale high strain zone in the lower continental crust: Mt.
Hay block, central Australia
Waters-Tormey, C. / Tikoff, B.,Journal of Structural Geology,29(4),p.562-582,Apr 2007 - ...high
strain zone in the lower continental crust: Mt. Hay block, central Australia C.
Waters-Tormey...Australia Arunta Strain localization Lower crust Competency 1 In
=yes&md5=e437f3c36402548a834aba72c4881e60
70%
214. Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated
eclogite under upper mantle...
Dasgupta, R. / Hirschmann, M.M. / Withers, A.C.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,227(1),p.73-85,Oct 2004 - ...GPa, respectively. Thus, deep subduction of carbonate...an
effective agent of deep mantle metasomatism. Comparison...partial melting eclogite o
=yes&md5=50bb64684b1b0f5f4c1bbc1a67f60d95
70%
215. Deep mantle plumes and convective upwelling beneath the Pacific Ocean
Schmerr, N. / Garnero, E. / McNamara, A.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,294(1),p.143-151,May 2010 - ...variations. Deep mantle plumes...the Pacific Ocean Nicholas
Schmerr...that oceanic crust and lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and...strong
=yes&md5=6074767dc788e60cb56a91cdf34e7d72
70%
216. Deep sea vent - MicrobeWiki

... Niche: Deep Sea Vent. Hydrothermal circulation and chemical exchange between the ocean crust
and seawater. ... when removed from the bottom of the ocean's high pressure (Matz) ...
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Deep_sea_vent&redirect=no
70%
217. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - M

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A809-A924,Jun 2009 - ...particularly on the Arctic
Ocean and approach these...disperse and dissolve in deep formation waters...and 2000 atmosphere
pressure (Dear et al, 1991...subducted basaltic crust, or (iii) melt
=yes&md5=3f1ea2c32f536807ea5f1ce66e0a83cc
70%
218. Halfbakery: Supersimple reverse osmosis

The deep ocean is saltier, becoming less salty as you approach the surface, and ... The Osmotic
pressure will increase and stop the flow, until the fresh water and ...
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Supersimple_20reverse_20osmosis
70%
219. Impact of micro-organisms activity on the natural remanent magnetization of the

young oceanic crust
Carlut, J. / Horen, H. / Janots, D.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,253(3),p.497-506,Jan 2007 -
...properties of the young oceanic crust. Natural samples of fresh...magnetization of young oceanic
crust samples. 2 Experimental...phylogenetic diversity w
=yes&md5=44f7b5b8f5b3be7b7ca4d16bb981b871
70%
220. Melting relations and the equation of state of magmas at high pressure: Application to
geodynamics
Ohtani, E.,Chemical Geology,265(3),p.279-288,Jul 2009 - ...peridotite magma at high pressure
(e.g.,Agee, 1998...of magmas at high pressure: Application to geodynamics...silicate melts at high
pressure, have been extensively...terrestrial magma ocean and th
=yes&md5=53b4310bb1e74d0e6095f354c4a3eacd
70%
221. Petroleum from the Ocean - building, sea, depth, temperature ...
... Mineral Resources from the Ocean, Mineral Waters and Spas, Minorities in Water Sciences,
Mississippi River Basin, Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport, Modeling ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Petroleum-from-the-Ocean.html
70%
222. Reading for comprehension

... ensues [5]. And with each round of the game, the distortion only increases....
http://geophysics.vox.com/library/post/reading-for-comprehension.html
70%
223. Restless Ocean

These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. ... These deep
waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the ...
http://www1.fccj.org/pacrews/restless_ocean2.htm
70%
224. Structure of the Earth - Wikipedia on Ask.com

The interior structure of the Earth , similar to the outer, is layered. These layers can be defined by
either their chemical or their rheological properties. The Earth has an outer silicate solid cr... View
article on Wikipedia »
http://www.ask.com/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth
70%
225. The growth and destruction of continental crust during arc±?continent collision in the
Southern Urals
Brown, D.,Tectonophysics,479(1),p.185-196,Dec 2009 - ...of continental crust recycling is
its...occurrence of high-pressure rocks derived from continental crust provides first...evidence for
its deep subduction (Ye...4 Evidence for deep subduction of the c
=yes&md5=2d5b856f2d5fd5323bc410ef2ef4b696
70%
226. Welcome - Reef, Tropical Saltwater Aquarium Fish and Pets

Dolphin Pet Village is a retail store located in Campbell, CA. Our site is dedicated to the marine life
aquarium hobby, and pet supplies
http://www.dolphinpetvillage.com/p.php
70%
227. A catalytic delamination-driven model for coupled genesis of Archaean crust and
sub-continental lithospheric mantle
Bedard, J.H.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,70(5),p.1188-1214,Mar 2006 - ...diagram with
model pressure-temperature (PT...subducting oceanic crust. Only the models...normal MORB
(mid-ocean-ridge basalt:Sun...extent as the upper crust (Fig. 2van Keken...No
=yes&md5=3b58f7e39f5ea8e5aac2a693ae4f408e
69%
228. Anatomy of a Cambrian suture in Gondwana: Pacific-type orogeny in southern India?

Santosh, M. / Maruyama, S. / Sato, K.,Gondwana Research,16(2),p.321-341,Oct 2009 -
...Neoproterozoic-Cambrian crust-scale shear/suture...representing Mozambique Ocean closure
during...core carries high-pressure and ultrahigh...intraoceanic arc crust must h
=yes&md5=2fbbf0ed9f3255651b5e927f66bf4f12
69%
229. GLG 101 Lecture Notes
This is evidence that the ocean floor is spreading apart-creating a ... America), and to help further
support the idea, animals and plants that are not ocean ...
http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~vanderhoeven/101_Outline3_S03.htm
69%
230. Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean
Basu, S. / Stuart, F.M. / Klemm, V. / Korschinek, G. / Knie, K. / Hein, J.R.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,70(15),p.3996-4006,Aug 2006 - ...chronometer of crust growth. 2
Samples...central Pacific Ocean. These crusts...are from a deep ocean basin...lower
=yes&md5=ffc80a221b22870865713a5a6e388f22
69%
231. House of Commons Committees - ENVI (39-1) - Edited Evidence - Number 025 (Official
Version)
Section Home Publications - November 9, 2006Evidence| Minutes Options Back to committee
meetings 39th PARLIAMENT, 1st
SESSION Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/housepublications/publication.aspx?docid=2497915&language=e&mode=1
&parl=39&ses=1
69%
232. Karner's personal lecture notes for all lectures are posted here
Earth's ocean crust gets recycled; continental crust is too light to sink into ... Cause: Pressure in
magma chamber builds up, and these increase in number. ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/S08.110.web/S08.110.lecturenotes.htm
69%
233. M.M. Buslov

consist of OIB basalts and siliceous- carbonate cover including top and slope ... basalts – the relicts
of oceanic crust - formed in a deep- water setting; and b) large ...
http://www.igcp.itu.edu.tr/Publications/BuslovOceanic.pdf
69%
234. Magma dynamics at mid-ocean ridges by noble gas kinetic fractionation: Assessment of
magmatic ascent rates
Paonita, A. / Martelli, M.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,241(1),p.138-158,Jan 2006 -
...speed=4 m/s, final pressure=36 MPa, Ar diffusivity...via[59] PSM Initial pressure Deep chamber
140-160 MPa...CH98-DR11 Initial pressure 130-140 MPa calculated...M
=yes&md5=9675a5d1c96627ed11e57480a658b573
69%
235. Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Pressure increases with burial from the weight of overlying rock ... Melanges, a mixture of sea floor
sediments, ocean crust fragments, and various low-temperature high-pressure ...
http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/Meta.html
69%
236. ñ³ëËÉhÉLÉÖÉ°CìÉg
In short, melting and the formation of methane hydrates, corresponding to the rising and ... much
methane flows to the ocean and the atmosphere under the present ...
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-e/30th/part3/page6.html
69%
237. Ocean bottom - Free Online Library

Free Online Library: List of articles about Ocean bottom ... long and 36in pipe wide 3.Storage wells
will be 280ft wide and be between 330ft and 850ft deep 4.Blackpool ...
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ocean+bottom-s129063
69%
238. Palaeo methane-seepage history traced by biomarker patterns in a carbonate crust,

Nile deep-sea fan (Eastern...
Gontharet, S. / Stadnitskaia, A. / Bouloubassi, I. / Pierre, C. / Damste, J.S.S.,Marine
Geology,261(1),p.105-113,Jun 2009 - ...map showing the Nile deep Sea fan. The white
circle...sampling site where the crust was collected during...sediments where NL7CC2
=yes&md5=d0c6143400441a854c7447bab93f0a17
69%
239. Permanent Carbon Dioxide Storage into Basalt: The CarbFix Pilot Project, Iceland
Matter, J.M. / Broecker, W.S. / Stute, M. / Gislason, S.R. / Oelkers, E.H. / Stefansson, A. /
Wolff-Boenisch, D. / (...) / Bjornsson, G.,Energy Procedia,1(1),p.3641-3646,Feb 2009 - ...CO 2
emissions in deep geological formations...such as in the deep ocean
=yes&md5=91eed99599292c390d8641d10b6f1461
69%
240. Planet Earth Expanding

And sediments at the floors of the deep marginal trenches, where subduction of ocean ... earth;
and (3) "sea-floor spreading" hypotheses in which crust is created and destroyed ...
http://www.triplehood.com/peex1.htm
69%
241. The high-pressure IberianCzech belt in the Variscan orogen: Extrusion into the upper
(Gondwanan) plate?
Keppie, J.D. / Nance, R.D. / Murphy, J.B. / Dostal, J. / Braid, J.A.,Gondwana
Research,17(2),p.306-316,Mar 2010 - ...Moldanubian and Rheic Ocean model ofFranke
(2000...extrusion along Moldanubian Ocean suture model ofMedaris...2005). Fig. 4 Pressure-temper
=yes&md5=4d137cf7d8843159330af34ea543df84
69%
242. The very early thermal state of Terra Cimmeria: Implications for magnetic carriers in
the crust of Mars
Ruiz, J.,Icarus,203(2),p.454-459,Oct 2009 - ...thickness of the magnetized crust deduced from the
magnetic...thickness of the magnetized crust. Fig. 6 Curie depth...and hydrostatic pore pressure.
Dotted lines indicate...thickness of the magnetized crust. T
=yes&md5=6e4bc44a88dd66d85050f3646889b140
69%
243. Transcript from Epic of Evolution: Life, the Earth and the ...
we push it down into the Earth, we increase the temperature and the pressure, and we go from ...
crust is built like a nice layer cake and anywhere in the ocean you go you see ...
http://epsc.wustl.edu/classwork/classwork_210a/pdfs/mew9.pdf
69%
244. What Is Pressure?

and new oceanic crust is being produced at midocean ridges. The new earth crust which ... The
clearest mid-ocean water is deep. blue, and algal-filled coastal ...
http://oceanlink.island.net/ONews/OceanNewsReader/TG1b.pdf
69%
245. 12
And only have a single ocean. (2) The super continent then broke up ... geologists, geophysicists,
oceanographers from the ocean floors and the underlying crust. ...
http://www.d.umn.edu/~tzhu/geog1414/plate%20tectonics-2.htm
68%
246. A speculation on the structure of the D'' layer: The growth of anti-crust at the
core-mantle boundary through the...
Komabayashi, T. / Maruyama, S. / Rino, S.,Gondwana Research,15(3),p.342-353,Jun 2009 -
...magnesium-post-perovskite. b Zero-pressure density for...growth of anti-crust at the
core-mantle...subducted to the deep mantle, we...the Indian Ocean (Wen, 2001...ex
=yes&md5=a2d4d996a788e1ec2b05cfcb93ee4ca7
68%
247. Broad, weak regions of the Nankai Megathrust and implications for shallow coseismic
slip
Bangs, N.L.B. / Moore, G.F. / Gulick, S.P.S. / Pangborn, E.M. / Tobin, H.J. / Kuramoto, S. / Taira,
A.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,284(1),p.44-49,Jun 2009 - ...of the megasplay fault and
ocean crust reflections and allows comparison...impedance cha
=yes&md5=915f109084e3cf11a377424247ed4c2c
68%
248. Destructive margin

To the west of South America, the Nazca Plate (oceanic crust, ... The increase in pressure, where
the plate is forced downwards, can trigger off severe earthquakes. ... Some of the material that
was deposited under the deep ocean is not ...
http://www.geographylwc.org.uk/A/A2/A2tectonics/destrucmargin.html
68%
249. Dissolved aluminium and the silicon cycle in the Arctic Ocean
Middag, R. / de Baar, H.J.W. / Laan, P. / Bakker, K.,Marine Chemistry,115(3),p.176-195,Aug 2009 -
...like the Arctic Ocean, direct dust deposition...by no means all, ocean regions. The nutrient...from
the continental crust and have a much higher...1982). I
=yes&md5=49b8ad31ffc32c04c1cbb15cc447d66b
68%
250. Earth Questions1

For example, if only P (or pressure) waves are observed at one place (meaning ... liquid on the
outside because of the increasing pressure at the center of Earth. ...
http://webs.wichita.edu/astronomy/wqquestions/earthQuest.htm
68%
251. Environment - carbon

The ocean crust completes this cycle over 100-200 million years and it has ... of C from the surface
to the deep ocean reduces the CO2 in the surface waters ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Ccycle.html
68%
252. Heat shock protein 60 induces inflammatory mediators in mouse adipocytes

Gulden, E. / Mollerus, S. / Bruggemann, J. / Burkart, V. / Habich, C.,FEBS
Letters,582(18),p.2731-2736,Aug 2008 - ...sill (Sequence I) and the initial accretion of the tholeiitic
crust (Sequence III-VIII), which is divided by the Upper Hydrothermal...those
=yes&md5=32658a4d7f945b806932dfd487eeafef
68%
253. Increasing Earthquake Activity in Western North America! « ...

Mar 30, 2006 ... As the denser plate of oceanic crust is forced deep into the Earth's ... high
temperatures and pressures that partially melt solid rock. ...
http://tribulationperiod.com/blog/?p=337
68%
254. Laboratory measurements of P-wave and S-wave velocities across a surface analog of
the continental crust-mantle...
Brown, D. / Llana-Funez, S. / Carbonell, R. / Alvarez-Marron, J. / Marti, D. / Salisbury, M.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,285(1),p.27-38,Jul 2009 - ...continental crust-mantle boundary...of Earth
and Ocean Sciences, University...continental crust-ma
=yes&md5=86e040b9251a1bce95d40387638771f5
68%
255. Linked magma ocean solidification and atmospheric growth for Earth and Mars
Elkins-Tanton, L.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.181-191,Jul 2008 - ...between
evolving magma ocean liquids and fractionating...depth Earth magma ocean cumulates.
Also...overturn of a 2000-km deep terrestrial magma ocean. Note the extreme..
=yes&md5=00067a929610b41c2ce705991bb641be
68%
256. Misha Singleterry

... ocean does not just get saltier and saltier because of a process in the ocean. ... suppress
flushing._ Arriving sunlight and departing light and heat accounts for ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~mdsingle/midterm.htm
68%
257. Multiple choice

In a deep mine, temperatures increase at the rate of ______ . ... Which one of the following lists
most accurately describes oceanic crust? ... changes in the pressure of the mantle. What element
makes up most of the Earth's core? ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap19mult.html
68%
258. New evidence for age variation and scale effects of permeabilities of young oceanic
crust from borehole thermal and...
Becker, K. / Davis, E.E.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,210(3),p.499-508,May 2003 -
...sedimented young oceanic crust east of the Juan...two cases, and cool ocean bottom water
was...at the sites. The pressure differentials driving...the upper oceanic
=yes&md5=a667a6c8532ba6c5cc0a1550ca2d7d6e
68%

The lithosphere contains both crust and some mantle. A given piece of ... can be seen at
mid-ocean ridges and active zones of rifting (such as ...
http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/nav/art/s/s.html
68%
260. Studies On Corrosion Of Some Structural Materials In Deep Sea Environment

Venkatesan, R,Jul 2000 - ...being found in the deep ocean. Once the potential of the deep seabed
is fully...and cobalt-rich crust deposits and methane...North Pacific Ocean [5,6,7].In the...seawater,
but in the deep oceans another...factorbecomes important
http://hdl.handle.net/2005/189
68%
261. :: OZ Greetings :: - Geology Articles

Oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges where lava oozes out, is pushed to both ...
temperature and pressure. While rock melts under increasing heat, increasing pressure ...
http://www.oz-greetings.com.au/geology/article/63/-b--EARTH-STRUCTURE---b-
67%
262. [PDF]Do mantle plumes exist?

but as the islands increase in age they become extinct. The islands are also much younger than the
ocean crust that they are built on. Figure 1: sequences .... impossible because the enormous
pressure in the deep mantle suppresses ...
http://www.mantleplumes.org/StudentsCorner/Introna_Celeste.pdf
67%
263. [PPT]Introducing…EARTH'S INTERNAL HEAT ENGINE The diagram below ...

As distance from mid-ocean ridges increases, age of rock also increases. ... 6 and 10) The more
dense ocean crust subducts (goes under) continental crust, forming a deep trench on the ocean
floor. ... Metamorphic rocks are changed by the heat and pressure
http://www.shenet.org/district/ShenTRAC/oldwebsite/Curriculumdevelopment/912Sci/PlateTectonic
s.ppt
67%
264. A Few Silly Flaws In Walter Brown's Hydroplate Theory

This geological formation divides the Atlantic ocean ... Suppose you placed the water under 5 km of
crust, the pressure of ... is 1º C for every 30 m so there is a 166º C increase in ...
http://mypage.direct.ca/w/writer/hydro.html
67%
265. A method for activity calculations in saline and mixed solvent solutions at elevated
temperature and pressure: A...
Evans, K. / Powell, R.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,70(22),p.5488-5506,Nov 2006 - ...at
elevated temperature and pressure: A framework for geological...relatively insensitive to changes in
pressure and temperature for most examples...Introduction Aqueou
=yes&md5=45a5de6803bb1d49505f4170781e6d79
67%
266. Biosphere as Place-Ocean: Benthic Biomes Two

Cold seeps are places on the deep ocean floor where hydrogen ... often into abyssal waters, where
cold and pressure slow ... Biosphere Process: Life Helps Make Earth's Crust
http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/BIOSPHERE/Bios-PL-BenthicBiomes2.htm
67%
267. Earthquakes/Earth's Interior

1. Mohorovicic Discontinuity (The 'Moho') - The boundary between the crust and mantle. ...
gradually as they pass through the Earth due to increasing pressure, ...
http://mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11407/100eq.html
67%
268. Earth's core (geology) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Britannica online encyclopedia article on Earth's core (geology) ... For the mantle and the core the
information is indirect and thus much less precise. ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176273/Earths-core
67%
269. Evolution of photosynthesis and the mantle as a biological ...

The deep ocean was suboxic by 1.85 billion years ago, following the mass ... Kimberlites carry
biosignatures including secular increase in the U/Th ratio in ...
http://www.geology.utoronto.ca/events_folder/evolution-of-photosynthesis-and-the-mantle-as-a-bi
ological-record
67%
270. Experimental constraints on crystallization differentiation in a deep magma ocean

Walter, M.J. / Nakamura, E. / Tronnes, R.G. / Frost, D.J.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta,68(20),p.4267-4284,Oct 2004 - ...continental crust component...from a magma ocean with
initially...removal of deep mantle phases...Hadean magma ocean. The vertical...
=yes&md5=3c9cd08aba79059adac5972e4c23d0d2
67%
271. Fossil Fuel Explored | Extracting Fossil Fuels | Problems ...

Mankind relies on fossil fuels; however, it is a non-renewable source of energy. Find out ... be
pumped down into the pipe to increase the pressure and cause the oil to flow up ...
http://www.fossilfuel.co.za/Fossil-Fuel-Explored.aspx
67%
272. Geochemical and numerical constraints on Neoarchean plate tectonics

Halla, J. / van Hunen, J. / Heilimo, E. / Holtta, P.,Precambrian Research,174(1),p.155-162,Oct 2009
- ...elevated MgO and lack the high-pressure signatures related to slab...group is consistent with
high-pressure melting of deep oceanic crust or plateaus,
=yes&md5=825be23f9838f3d4e9acdc1b5cec7ce0
67%
273. Geology: How Different Magmas Form - CliffsNotes

Both extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks are derived from magmas. The temperature and
pressure conditions in the crust and upper mantle influence the melting
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/How-Different-Magmas-Form.topicArticleId-9605,articleId-
9474.html
67%
274. Half a century of progress in research on terrestrial impact structures: A review

McCall, G.J.H.,Earth Science Reviews,92(3),p.99-116,Feb 2009 - ...features without deep roots,
whereas volcanic...structures penetrate deep into the crust (Grieve, 2006). Nevertheless...possibly
may not have deep roots. Impact structures...preservation of
=yes&md5=6383acfb825b7832524c0759e7db615e
67%
275. Inorganic carbon in the ocean: Basics

Oct 2007 - ...affect the ability of the ocean to take up CO2 from the...Perturbation: lower ocean
[CO2] -> ocean absorbs CO2 Contours of...CO2] CaCO3 pptn: increase [CO2] Biogeochemical...its
transit through the deep sea? Contours of [CO3...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-742-marine-chemistry-fall
-2006/lecture-notes/lec_7_crblc2006.pdf
67%
276. Marine Microbiology Extent of the Marine Environment

includes pelagic and deep-sea regions. accounts for 62% of Earth's ... and cannot tolerate low
pressure. Biochemical reaction rates increase with pressure up ...
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~s1clark/Lecture%2011.ppt
67%
277. New constraints on the sources and behavior of neodymium and hafnium in seawater
from Pacific Ocean ferromanganese...
Flierdt, T.v.d. / Frank, M. / Lee, D.-C. / Halliday, A.N. / Reynolds, B.C. / Hein, J.R.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,68(19),p.3827-3843,Oct 2004 - ...Equatorial Pacific Ocean at water
depths...persistent overall increase in epsilon Nd...Pacific, ~ 5000
=yes&md5=77c8a640b81b70afa5b2e2b9b25ff09c
67%
278. Observations of natural-state fluid pressures and temperatures in young oceanic crust
and inferences regarding...
Davis, E.E. / Becker, K.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,204(1),p.231-248,Nov 2002 - ...and
sub-hydrostatic pressure is present in the...valley (-26 kPa). Such pressure differentials are...regime
and small pressure losses in high-permeability...the dep
=yes&md5=480db5feaa433eefeb995002f174e67c
67%
279. Origins of Abnormal Pressure

Gas Hydrates and Pingos. In deep, cold oceans and in the polar regions a variety of ... Fraction in
the Atlantic Ocean and Adjacent Seas and Oceans; Yale University, ...
http://www.lps.org.uk/docs/Origins_Abnormal_Pressure.pdf
67%
280. Plate Tectonics

I. The Rock Cycle and Distribution of Major Rock Types. Surface features and rock cycle on ... the
surface from their hot, high pressure environments deep beneath the surface. ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~chuck/Geo106/lect4.html
67%
281. Plumbing Planetary Secrets - US News and World Report

In Jules Verne's classic 1864 novel, Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Hardwigg starts
his exploration by descending into a dormant volcano's crater, then ...
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/010219/archive_005275.htm
67%
282. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology - Cambridge ...

With recent investigations of the ocean floors, the inventory of rock ... and processes within the
Earth's crust, mantle, and even the core (see ...
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521880060&ss=exc
67%
283. Regents Earth Science (High School) - Wikibooks, collection of ...

Heat and pressure deep underground bake and squeeze sedimentary and igneous rocks. ..... He
suggested that new oceanic crust continuously spread away from the ridges .... As the homework
you do increases, your grade will also increase ...
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regents_Earth_Science_(High_School)
67%
284. Sun And Moon Trigger Deep San Andreas Fault Tremors - Science ...
Link to earthquakes unclear, but tremors seem to increase stress on shallower fracture zone. ... of
the sun and moon on the crust and with the effects of ocean tides, which are ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1803008/sun_and_moon_trigger_deep_san_andreas_fault_
tremors/index.html
67%
285. The fate of subducted Upper Continental Crust: An experimental study

Wu, Y. / Fei, Y. / Jin, Z. / Liu, X.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,282(1),p.275-284,May 2009 -
...subducted upper continental crust being trapped at the...transition zone high-pressure
experiments phase transformations...have demonstrated that deep s
=yes&md5=d6c2e51948f017b9a0e440eee3110836
67%
286. The Petrogenesis of Rocks and Minerals

Considers magma, volcanic and plutonic rocks, local, regional, dynamic and hydrothermal ... high
temperatures and pressures present deep within earth's crust. The delineation ...
http://dave.ucsc.edu/myrtreia/petrogene.html
67%
287. The Subduction Factory Science Plan

Subducted ocean crust and sediments contribute to the chemistry of arc and some ... as minerals
in the slab breakdown and reform in response to increasing pressure. ...
http://www.geo.ua.edu/AMG/OldMargins/SF_Sci_Plan.html
67%
288. volcanoes and global change

The oceanic crust (sima), the floor of the deep oceans, is about 7 km thick, and ... to the ocean
floor. The ocean floor gradually extends, increasing the size of the plates. ...
http://plaza.ufl.edu/sykid/
67%
289. What is the deepest part of the world's ocean? | Answerbag

... of the pacific is the deepest part of world ocean.it is almost 12 km deep ... phenomena in which
a plate topped by oceanic crust ... this at least partly account for see level increases ...
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/103830
67%
290. [DOC]Plate Tectonics is the paradigm that holds that the earth's ...
Within the earth, the temperature increases regularly and predictably with ... However, the
movement of a deep hot rock upwards lowers the pressure on it, ... During convergence of two
plates with oceanic crust, or one oceanic plate ...
http://ees.uno.edu/lab_manuals/documents/2008/lab8platetectonics/Plate%20Tectonics%20lab%2
0notes.doc
66%
291. [PDF]03_revealing_the_earthshot - Scientific Deep-Ocean Drilling ...

the Earth's crust and mantle. Oceanic crustal thickness, ..... increase drilling efficiency by 20 to
30%. Another challenge in riserless ...... deep-ocean wells. Generally, the temperature and
pressure ratings of the scientific instru- ...
http://www.iodp.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1442
66%
292. 94.05.08: Exploring Our Oceans

What do you think a deep-sea diver might see in the ocean? ... People who work or dive deep in
the ocean where the pressure is great have to return ...
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1994/5/94.05.08.x.html
66%
293. Asbury Carbons - The World's Carbon and Graphite Source ...
Asbury Carbons - merchant and large capacity processor of Carbon, Graphite, Coal, Cokes, Shapes,
Carbon Black and Resilient Carbons used in wide range of industrial ...
http://www.asbury.com/Organic-Geochemistry-and-Petrology.html
66%
294. Biosphere - Mental Health and Illness .com

Once thought to be only the crust of the earth, it is now recognized that areas deep ... Increasing
population pressure increases the prevalence of aggressive ...
http://www.mentalhealthandillness.com/biosphere.html
66%
295. Earth Science Students - CLICK HERE!!! - A Quick Summary of ...

The features of the deep-ocean basin include deep-ocean trenches (the deepest ... magma from
the asthenosphere moves upward to create new slivers of oceanic crust. ..... With increasing
altitude, there is less air above to exert a force, ... Wind is the ho
http://www.eram.k12.ny.us/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=16122
66%
296. Geological Society of America - Highlights from Geology

Feb 28, 2002 ... D.J. Kovanen, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, ... between geologic
processes that act to increase pore pressure, ... rates of cycling of seawater through young oceanic
crust, which changes the major ion composition of seawater . ..
http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/02-10.htm
66%
297. Glossary of Geological Terms

Starting point for geology and geochemistry ... Mineralogical and textural changes and deformation
of rock resulting from the head and pressure of an ...
http://www.geotech.org/survey/geotech/dictiona.html
66%
298. INTRODUCTION TO THE OCEANS

oceanic crust is constantly produced) and subduction zones, also called deep-sea ... to the strength
of the ocean crust at these different sites, and how cold and ...
http://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/hgeod/Marine_geodesy/Notes/Binder1_LN_Intro_Oceans.pdf
66%
2nd International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and ... accreted and
subducted; (2) the top of the oceanic crust and the Moho are imaged ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/cambridge.html
66%
300. MIT OpenCourseWare

Jan 2009 - ...was also able to show increase as the number of species...resistance and resilience
increase if there is more diversity...is causing a dramatic increase in CO2 in the atmosphere...s look
here in the ocean, my favorite ecosystem...finds its wa
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-014-introductory-biology-spring-2005/video-lectures/7_01420
05L36.pdf
66%
301. NETL: Methane Hydrates - All About Hydrates - Geology

Methane hydrate can form in rocks or sediments of any type given suitable pressures,
temperatures, ... Deep-water settings can be further classified as: 1 ) inland deep-water ... When
the overriding plate is also oceanic crust, a volcanic island arc ... an
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/futuresupply/methanehydrates/about-hydrates/geolo
gy.htm
66%
302. Space and Technology - Jupiter

A liquid ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of Europa. Icy oceans may also lie deep beneath
the crusts of ... Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, ...
http://www.spaceandtechnology.com/Solar_System_Jupiter.htm
66%
303. Statistical analysis of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and ...

In the young, hot oceanic crust of the EPR microplates, it is therefore ..... if there is an increase in
compression and consequent poroelastic fluid-pressure ... the EPR using the Deep-ocean
Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis buoy ...
http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1919/2481.full
66%
304. Teachers' Online Primary Science

The outer most layer, the crust, consists nearly entirely of rocky silicate ... crust, while the ocean
floors and below the continental crust are oceanic crust. ...
http://www.climatechangematters.net.au/LOTS/Earth/sub/strutearth/strutearth.htm
66%
305. The Earth

... and directly supplying the water vapor which cooled and condensed to form the oceans. ...
elevation because there is less pressure from overlying layers, and the air expands. ...
http://www.astronomy.org/astronomy-survival/earth.html
66%
306. The Internal Structure of the Earth

We see the crust subject to external forces like levelling down/production of ... are sometimes
modified by pressure and temperature to become metamorphic ...
http://www.apl.ucl.ac.uk/lectures/3c37/3c37-5.html
66%
307. Water at Ocean Vents Isn't Water—It's a Gas-Liquid Hybrid ...

You've heard about the freaky animals at ocean vents. Now check out the freaky water. ... Any
increase in temperature or pressure beyond a particular "critical point" (see the ...
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/nov/05-water-at-ocean-vents-isn.t-water-gas-liquid-hybrid
66%
308. WikiAnswers - What causes the pressure to increase as you go ...

Are the Himalayas oceanic-oceanic covergent margin or oceanic convergent margin? ... Why does
pressure increase deeper under the earths crust? ...
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_causes_the_pressure_to_increase_as_you_go_deeper_below_the
_crust
66%
309. [PDF]Serpentine and the subduction zone water cycle

with a pressure dependence that crudely simulates an increase in 'deeper mantle' viscosity .....
oceanic crust, we will show that deep water recycling ...
http://www.perplex.ethz.ch/papers/Ruepke_EPSL_04.pdf
65%
310. 12.005 Lecture Notes 8

Jul 2006 - ...the lithostatic pressure at various points...km) Pa bars ocean ridge crest 2...plain 4 40
MPa 400 deep sea trench 12...2 kbar base of crust 30 1 GPa 10 kbar...tensor, and the pressure
field, which...equilibrium with an ocean. To address the..
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-005-applications-of-conti
nuum-mechanics-to-earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-spring-2006/lecture-notes/lec8.pdf
65%
311. 12.520 Lecture Notes #4

Mar 2007 - ...the lithostatic pressure at various points...km) Pa bars ocean ridge crest 2...plain 4 40
MPa 400 deep sea trench 12...2 kbar base of crust 30 1 GPa 10 kbar...tensor, and the pressure
field, which...equilibrium with an ocean. To address the..
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-520-geodynamics-fall-20
06/lecture-notes/lec4.pdf
65%
312. CHAPTER 8
Nov 2007 - ...many areas the Earth’s crust is unstable, and undergoes...salinity lower than the
open ocean, with restricted access to...coasts. Throughgoing strong ocean currents impinging from
the adjacent deep ocean dominate sediment movement...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_8.pdf
65%
313. COEHD -
Q: How thick is Europa's ice, and how deep is the ocean? Resources: 13 ... layer overlying Europa's
ocean should act to reduce pressure in the water below, ...
http://education.utsa.edu/Special/PrizeInquiry/studentpapers/wallacescript1.htm
65%
314. Geo file

to probe the crust, and the ocean floors. were found to be thinner ... subducts temperature and
pressure changes cause it. to change to a rock type called ...
http://www.explorevolcanoes.com/GF477.pdf
65%
315. Global material cycles - Encyclopedia of Earth

Their journey eventually ends in the ocean, and the deposited materials are either drawn ... of
crystallization of newly formed ocean crust and of the heat of ...
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Global_material_cycles
65%
316. How is Oil Formed - Crude Oil is Solar Power - Article Blast ...
Heat and pressure increase with depth and eventually presses the substance into ... Essentially it is
the suns energy preserved deep within the Earth's crust. ...
http://www.articleblast.com/Reviews/Products/How_is_Oil_Formed_-_Crude_Oil_is_Solar_Power/
65%
317. Inside the Earth | Sciencelearn Hub

This is caused by the tremendous increase in pressure the deeper you go, ... Oceanic crust (sima)
is thinner than continental crust, usually 5 to 10 km thick , ... which attempted to drill as deep as
possible into the Earth's crust. ...
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Earthquakes/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Inside-the-Eart
h
65%
318. ISLAND ARCS AND DEPRESSIONS - a knol by Nikolay Kitov

Points of deep-focal earthquakes are concentrated in the area of island arcs. ... The high
hydrostatic pressure, the higher viscosity of the ocean water as ... A nearly impossible process for
the ocean crust and a limited one for the ... Thermal and baric
http://knol.google.com/k/island-arcs-and-depressions
65%
319. NEPTUNE Canada: Project Details

Deep-ocean boreholes provide unique opportunities for determining the physical, ... For example,
simultaneous observations of borehole pressure signals and ... permeable igneous crust beneath
the sediments and the ocean overhead. ... With the increased eff
http://neptunecanada.ca/research/research-projects/project.dot?inode=22225
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320. Outln Ch12

Notable among these are deep-diving submersibles such as Alvin, and ... of the ocean floor are the
continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and mid-ocean ridges. ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/geo/Jordan/f02/es1/co/coch12.htm
65%
321. PhysOrg.com - atmospheric pressure

Science and technology news stories tagged with keyword: atmospheric pressure. All science news
about atmospheric pressure
http://www.physorg.com/tags/atmospheric+pressure/
65%
322. Subduction : Map (The Full Wiki)

At this point, the density of the oceanic lithosphere increases and it is carried ... It is at subduction
zones that the Earth's lithosphere, oceanic crust, ... maximum differential lithostatic pressure would
occur at the base of the denser ... are disrupt
http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Subduction
65%
323. The American Practical Navigator/Chapter 30 - Wikisource

... Indian Ocean 14.4 percent, and marginal and adjacent areas (of which the largest is the Arctic
Ocean) 7.8 ... are dependent primarily upon salinity, temperature, and pressure. ...
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Practical_Navigator/Chapter_30
65%
324. The role of the global carbonate cycle in the regulation and ...
However, the same calcifying organisms that under-pin the deep-sea ... is that the precipitation of
carbonate carbon drives an increase in ocean pCO ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/RidgwellZeebeEPSL05.
pdf
65%
325. Volcano Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
New oceanic crust is being formed by hot molten rock slowly cooling and solidifying. ... under the
continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. .... Such an event leads to increased
pressure in the volcano's plumbing ...
http://www.juliantrubin.com/encyclopedia/earthsciences/volcano.html
65%
326. [DOC]Exam 1 - The College of New Jersey Home

Oceanic crust tends to be covered in a layer of sediment that. a. is uniformly thick ... c. at deep
depth near the trench and shallower below the overriding plate ... b. the pressure increases and
causes the rock to solidify ...
http://www.tcnj.edu/~magee/120/Exam1.doc
64%
327. [PDF]Review Questions Plate Tectonics

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the ... Old
oceanic crust is more dense than new oceanic crust because it is ... Pressure increases from Earth's
surface toward the center of Earth. ...
http://jhodge.wiki.hoover.k12.al.us/file/view/Review+Questions+Plate+Tectonics.pdf
64%
328. [PPT]Plate Tectonics - The University of Toledo : UT Environmental ...

Increase?. Silicon (14). Si. 15. 27.7. Increase ?. Aluminum (13) .... New basaltic, oceanic crust is
generated at divergent plate boundaries. ... Formed by intense pressure and heat; Deep within
mountain cores; Exposed by isostacy and ...
http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/Faculty/Hayden/Courses/EngGeol/PlateTectEngGeol07.ppt
64%
329. A model of deep crustal fluid flow following the <i ...
We develop a model to test the hypothesis that a high fluid pressure pulse and subsequent fluid
flow caused a spatially extensive increase in the V P /V S ... the oceanic crust) can explain the
transient changes in seismic velocities. ...
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2003JB002816.shtml
64%
330. Alaska Volcano Observatory - Frequently Asked Questions

As the silica content of the magma increases, the magma continually becomes less ... Deep crustal
fractures such as these faults may allow magma to rise and ...
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/faq.php?faqid=5
64%
331. Borehole Observatory Installations on IODP Expedition 306 ...

deep ventilator of the world ocean, and it is now recognized ... Foreground (right) shows pressure
casing for bottom water temperature thermistor and back ...
http://www.iodp.org/iodp_journals/6_Borehole_Observatory_SD2.pdf
64%
332. Correlations In The Motions

When the Great Ocean Rift spreads, great pressure is exerted on all of the ... these trenches and,
as with the ocean crust which sinks under the continents , ...
http://www.michaelmandeville.com/phoenix/trilogy/bookthree/rp3chapter34.pdf
64%
333. Earth Structure

The crust, mantle, and core are defined by differences in composition. ... because of the overlying
pressure, wave velocity will also increase with depth and the ...
http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=69&l=&c3=
64%
334. Final Exam Topics

... mantle asthenosphere, mantle lithosphere + crust = lithosphere - the average thickness ... deep
ocean trench. volcanic arc (continental or island arc) magma produced by partial ...
http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/final_topics_05.htm
64%
335. Laboratory Of Geology And Geochemistry Of Extreme Environments

Laboratory Of Geology And Geochemistry Of Extreme Environments ... deep down at the bottom of
the ocean and in the underground, both modern bacteria and old bacteria and their ...
http://en.gig.ac.cn/Laboratories/LaboratoryOfGeologyAndGeochemistryOfExtreme/tabid/84/Default.
aspx
64%
336. MIT OpenCourseWare

Nov 2009 - ...created at mid-ocean ridges and that...and a little crust on top) contracts...on top of
the ocean floor, there...so well and the ocean floor does not...more strongly on pressure than on
temperature...pressure mantle from deep in the mantle...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-002-physics-and-chemistr
y-of-the-terrestrial-planets-fall-2008/lecture-notes/MIT12_002f08_lec16.pdf
64%
337. Near-Ultrahigh Pressure Processing of Continental Crust ...

These ultrahigh-pressure terranes always undergo significant recrystallization and ... They also
provide information on the deep crust beneath the southern Pamir and Tibet and, ...
http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/46/8/1661
64%
338. NSF FY 2001 Request: Geosciences

FYI Number 25: NSF FY 2001 Request: Geosciences. ... geological and geophysical processes that
shape and alter the planet's continental crust." The Ocean Sciences ...
http://www.aip.org/enews/fyi/2000/fyi00.025.htm
64%
339. OCEANOGRAPHY 510 Handout Notes #1 The Surface Circulation ...

crust is rich in silica and aluminum, rivers are rich in carbonates, and the oceans are ... at any
depth in the ocean (assuming that only. gravity and pressure forces are acting) ...
http://flux.ocean.washington.edu/Autumn2009/notes.number1.o510.2001.pdf
64%
340. Soil Geology

Under high pressure and heat, and under the little understood ' ... Deep soils cannot develop and
all minerals and nutrients are stored in the vegetation ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/geosoil.htm
64%
341. The Southern US is doomed

The oceanic crust is 5 km (3 mi) to 10 km (6 mi) thick[1] and is .... Deep beneath the sea floor,
methane gas is in a slushy, crystalline form. .... can lead to a loss of shear strength and an increase
in pore pressure. ...
http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message1071694/pg1
64%
342. Welcome To Marshall Hydrothermal

Deep ocean pressures force seawater through cracks in the crust of the earth, ... pressure
generated as the superheated fluid rises and the ambient ...
http://www.marshallsystem.com/complete.htm
64%
343. [DOC]Review
increases by 1 atm (1kg/cm2) for each 10m. Pressure ranges from 20-1000 atm ... Dealing with
high pressure (deep sea under pressures of 200 -600 atm) ... 1. penetrates into the ocean crust,.
2. becomes heated, reacts with the crustal ...
http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/Bio-home/George-Sophie/marine/MarineReview07.doc
63%
344. [PDF]Buoyancy-driven, rapid exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure ...

The densities of unaltered oceanic crust (3.0), continental crust (2.7), and mantle materials (3.2)
increase with elevated pressure, reflecting the ...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC23212/pdf/pq009532.pdf
63%
345. [PDF]Crucial crises in biology: life in the deep biosphere

Increasing pressure has little effect on life, even at several kilometers under the surface.
Temperature increases with depth. For oceanic crust, under an ...
http://www.im.microbios.org/04december98/09%20Guerrero.pdf
63%
346. [PDF]Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 16

static pressure on cylindrical specimens 1.3 to 1.9 cm in diameter and 3.2 to 4.6 cm in length cut
... and elastic properties of oceanic crustal basalt. The 163- ... bulk densities in Table 2 are
increased by approximately. 0.03 g/cc. ...
http://www.deepseadrilling.org/16/volume/dsdp16_24.pdf
63%
347. [PDF]Thermal contraction and alteration of the oceanic crust

upper mantle and, in addition, explains the increase in thickness of layer 3 with age and the
difference ... cause fracture when it exceeds the hydrostatic pressure. This .... If there is deep
penetration of water into the ocean crust, ...
http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/6/12/726.pdf
63%
348. Assessment of Future Science Needs in the Context of the ...

deep-ocean ecology and introduce major questions about the evolution and ... capabilities and cost
of at-sea assets increase, there is a growing pressure to ...
http://www.unols.org/committees/fic/biennial/futship.pdf
63%
349. Chapter 19 Plate Tectonics

i. Part of the ocean crust is bent downward into the asthenosphere. ... Deep Sea Drilling. 1. The
age of the sea floor was dated by fossil evidence; the ocean ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~cgelbaum/PhysGeoCh19.htm
63%
350. CHAPTER 5
Nov 2007 - ...excess water flows to the ocean. Over the continental...transport this material to the
ocean, glaciers and the wind...than a few centimeters deep but very widespread...The slope tween
the two deep + slow ? shallow + fast...are hydrostatic flu
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_5.pdf
63%
351. Earth Science Literacy Initiative Draft Document – October, 2008

1.5 Earth's ocean, atmosphere and crust began to form more than 4 billion years ... form and break
apart, ocean basins open and close, living species evolve and go ...
http://www.earthscienceliteracy.org/ESLI_Oct08.pdf
63%
352. Fluids in the Solid Earth

M. Santosh,Dec 2008 - ...of an anti-crust at the Core...the continental crust on the
surface...infiltrate the crust. However, mantle...the apparent increase in pressure through
geologic...water into the deep earth. Since...atmosphere and ocean, the major d
http://www.scitopics.com/Fluids_in_the_Solid_Earth.html
63%
353. I.3 Limits of Life Under Extreme Conditions

However, there are organisms in the deepest parts of the ocean (pressure ... High pressure seems
to increase the growth rate of some hyperthermophiles, but ...
http://esapub.esrin.esa.it/sp/sp1231/chap1.3.pdf
63%
354. INT - Neutron Star Crust and Surface - Tabitha

P of nuclear matter small and largely known so the pressure of neutron matter depends ... large
increase in pulsed flux and profile changes and glitch. First ...
http://tabitha.phas.ubc.ca/wiki/index.php/INT_-_Neutron_Star_Crust_and_Surface
63%
355. Jupiter, Jupiter Information, Facts, News, Photos - National ...

A liquid ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of Europa. Icy oceans may also lie deep beneath
the crusts of ... Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, ...
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/jupiter-article.html
63%
356. Sink rate [Archive] - Physics Forums

... Let's take that the bottom of deep Ocean pit is 10km below the ... compressible.What increase
in water density do you expect in depth like 10,000 m (high pressure and I reckon ...
http://www.physicsforums.com/archive/index.php/t-156758.html
63%
357. Subduction-arc lecture, plate tectonics

Oceanic crust recyling centers - subduction zones and arc complexes. ... lower bound of deep
earthquakes. seismic velocity increase. ... Consider the simple and schematic pressure-temperature
maps above of where mineral A vs. mineral B ...
http://maps.unomaha.edu/maher/plate/week4/subduction.html
63%
358. Subductive waste disposal method - Patent 5022788

A method for the disposal of nuclear and toxic waste materials comprising the placing of waste
materials into waste repositories radiating from an access tunnel ...
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5022788.html
63%
359. Sun and Moon Trigger Deep Tremors on San Andreas Fault
Sun and Moon Trigger Deep Tremors on San Andreas Fault. Posted on December 25, 2009 at 06:
... sun and moon on the crust and with the effects of ocean tides, which ...
http://www.ccnmag.com/article/sun_and_moon_trigger_deep_tremors_on_san_andreas_fault
63%
360. The Rock Cycle Ppt Presentation

Oct 22, 2009 ... If the crystals begin to form deep in the Earth where it is ... Earthquakes occur
when pressure within the crust increases slowly over ... Oceanic Plate Oceanic crust makes up 60
percent of the earth's solid surface. ...
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/davwilson-258975-rock-cycle-education-ppt-powerpoin
t/
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361. To: All Nov2993 08:50AM Subject: Re: Science and Evolution ...
The Skeptic Tank text archives. ... 7Li decay is about 270 000 atmospheres, and would be found
deep in the mantle of the Earth, hundreds of kilometres below the crust. It is 270 ...
http://www.skepticfiles.org/evolut/decayrat.htm
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362. Urantia News - Verifying History and Science in The Urantia Book
Apr 9, 2007 ... The weight of the oceans is also a factor in the increase of pressure on the sea
beds. ... The continental pressure at ocean-bottom levels is about 20000 pounds .... the first great
obstruction on the deep floor of the Pacific. .... Contine
http://www.ubthenews.com/topics/pangaea.htm
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363. VERSION D
there is a subduction zone to the northwest drawing the ocean crust downward ... d. the Great
Lakes will increase in size due to greater impoundment of water. ...
http://faculty.washington.edu/tswanson/ESS/Midterm-Final.pdf
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364. Wikipedia:Benthic - Global Warming Art

May 26, 2010 ... The lower zones are in deep, pressurized areas of the ocean. Because of the high
pressures and seclusion neither tidal changes nor human ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Benthic
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365. [PDF]Marin Headlands – Review

Review of how ocean crust forms. 1. Deep mantle rock melts due to drop in pressure under
spreading centers. Melts remove certain elements ... basalts tends to increase inward, because the
centers cooled slowest. ...
http://www.rauzon.com/wp-content/marinheadlandsreview.pdf
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366. [PDF]Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Generally, temperature and ...

Lithostatic Pressure increases at 30MPa/km (calculation using rocks of average density) ... due to
deep burial at plate boundaries lead to regional metamorphism. ... oceanic crust at depth leading
to localised rising magma and a more ...
http://whs.moodledo.co.uk/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=26775
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367. [PDF]Summary of the State of the Arc Conference 2007

What is the influence of Continental Crust vs. Oceanic Crust vs. ... increases with increasing
pressure (and temperature). Fluids generated deep in the ...
http://sota2007.fiu.edu/downloads/SOTA%202007%20Final%20Report.pdf
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368. [PDF]The Wizard Test Maker

(2) a deep ocean trench and a continental volcanic mountain range near the coast ... (3) Volcanoes
appear at random within the oceanic crust. ..... (3) Pressure and temperature increase with depth,
but density remains the same. ...
http://kabbott.bmchsd.k12.ny.us/review8q.pdf
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369. Background: Plate Tectonics: From the Inside Out!
narrow belts along ridges, deep-sea trenches and major strike-slip ... There an increase in pressure
raises the temperature of the rocks. Eventually the rocks ...
http://mathinscience.info/teach/612_science/earth_sciences/plate_tectonics/background.pdf
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370. Chapter 1
Jul 2005 - ...an upper limit of the increase in temperature that could...heating of the Earth’s deep
interior, which occurred...compression due to an increase of pressure with depth. This
leaves...possible to estimate the increase in temper10 CHAPTER 1..
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch1.pdf
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371. Geol 117 Lect 15

increases as T decreases. Importance to deep circulation in oceans: ... Velocity varies with depth
(depends on T, S, and pressure) .... (Heat flow from ocean crust is not important, except maybe
over mid-ocean ridge systems.) ...
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02Fallclass/geo117/lectures/Lect15.html
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372. Geologic Forces

Pressure produces heat; heat melts stone and turns water to gas. ... miles deep. The lithosphere is
the Earth's crust made up of continental and ocean floor ...
http://www.catnapin.com/Fossil/InfoGeologicForces.htm
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373. High-Pressure Geoscience Special Feature: Shearing ...

Apr 27, 2007 ... Deep earthquakes have been a paradox since their discovery in the 1920s. The
combined increase of pressure and temperature with depth precludes .... mechanism for explaining
earthquakes in hot subducting oceanic crust. ...
http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articlerender.cgi?artid=1153002
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374. In?uence of CO
layers of the ocean into the deep waters below. This sensitivity of ... temperatures increase the.
saturation vapour pressure and lead to increasing freshwater ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~andreas/pdf/S/stocker97nat.pdf
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375. INTRODUCTION
water, life, atmosphere (weather), earth (crust under ocean), coasts, etc. ... crust melts (~100 ml.s
deep) - Magma rises to form volcano chain ...
http://www.elcamino.edu/faculty/jholliday/Course_Materials_files/OCEANOGRAPHY_NOTES__Total
_Spr06.pdf
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376. Jupiter
the frozen crust of Europa. Icy oceans may also lie deep beneath. the crusts of Callisto ... the
pressure and temperature increase, compressing the hydro ...
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/downloads/11_Jupiter_Litho_FC_opt.pdf
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377. Noah's flood
gen 8:2 The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the ... the
earth's crust (sea level), and 6 miles to the deepest ocean. Pressure applied to ...
http://www.yecheadquarters.org/noah_flood.html
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Pressure increases from Earth's surface toward the center of Earth. 5. Oceanic crust near the
mid-ocean ridge is younger than oceanic crust farther .... The process by which the ocean floor
sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back ...
http://www.pekin.net/pekin108/contribute/tnoonen/PlateTectonics.htm
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379. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

Apr 2006 - ...over time. The crust comprises only...proportion of the crust. Nevertheless...can think
of the ocean as a huge aqueous...environments and in the deep seas as calcareous...accumulates
on the ocean floor only above...and aragonite increase with
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-109-petrology-fall-2005/l
ecture-notes/sedimentary_protoliths.pdf
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380. The Physical Setting

temperatures and densities in both the ocean and atmosphere. ... The solid crust of the
Earth—including both the continents and the ocean basins—consists ...
http://www.unavco.org/edu_outreach/docs/ga_benchmarks.pdf
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381. [PDF]EMSO: European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory

... zone below a depth of 30 km and a rapid increase of velocity at a depth of 210 ... unsedimented
seafloor (just an ocean layer over igneous crust, ... developed an observatory technology to
monitor temperature and pressure and to sample ... deep seafloo
http://www.iaspei.org/downloads/Abstracts_2009/S9.pdf
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382. [PDF]Paleogeographical reconstructions compatible with Earth ...

deep magmatic chamber under the continental and oceanic crust. Major partial melting zone ...
magmatic pressure, gravitational spreading, low .... has indicated an increase in the Earth's radius
of + 4.15 ± .27 mrn/yr. ...
http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/3822/3886
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383. Chapter 12
Nov 2007 - ...Earth’s continental crust. 2.1.4 Coal is...You can see that the increase in rank is
associated...therefore closer to the ocean on average, a greater...elevations, farther from the
ocean, a greater part of the...which can be tapped by deep d
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-110-sedimentary-geology
-spring-2007/lecture-notes/ch12.pdf
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384. Earth Layers Foldable The Layers of the Earth

Oceanic Crust (beneath the ocean) is about 5 km thick. Continental Crust (under land) ... because
temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase with depth. ...
http://www.marysville.k12.oh.us/bunsold/scandrew/EarthInterior.ppt
61%

Increasing pressure has exactly the opposite effect on the viscosity of ... regions of different
composition within the Earth: the crust, mantle, and core. ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/EARTHsINTERIOR.htm
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386. EGS - Vening Meinesz

When an elastic plate is subject to increasing in-plate compression, ... Subcrustal mass excesses
under deep ocean basins and mass deficiencies under large ... by the horizontal temperature and
associated horizontal pressure gradients. ... It would then ha
http://www.egu.eu/egs/meinesz.htm
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387. Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks

high temperature and/or pressure no one has witnessed (certainly no ... Metamorphism occurs at
varying depths in the Earth's crust, where pressures and ...
http://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/jrepka/notes/GEOmetrocksLAB.pdf
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388. Glossary - Deepseaconservation.org - Website of the DC-UK project

Deep-sea trenches : Narrow, elongate depressions of the deep sea floor. ... Global warming:
Increase in global temperature caused by increasing atmospheric ... Oceanic Crust: The outermost
layer of rock on the earth's surface, ... Overfishing: Enormous fis
http://www.deepseaconservation.org/dcuk/glossary.php
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389. How Life Works: Biosphere as Process

MorningEarth celebrates the natural and majestic beauty that surrounds us every day. ... Ocean at
the plate boundary, the plates are moving apart, and new crust is being formed. ...
http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/Biosphere/Bios-process.html
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390. Man & Nature

... with increasing temperature and pressure (i.e., increasing depth in ... by fracture, whereas rocks
in the deep crust and mantle undergo plastic flow or creep over geologic time ...
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/Man&Nature.html
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391. Mantle (geology): Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia ...

The Moho separates both oceanic crust and continental crust from .... and the increase in
temperature and pressure as one moves deeper into the Earth. ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mantle_(geology)
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392. NASA's Cosmos

Even more remarkable are the deep canyons, collectively known as the Great ... in the ocean
water, it expands and pushes the ocean crust away form ...
http://ase.tufts.edu/cosmos/print_chapter.asp?id=4
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393. Ocean CO2 Storage Revised | The Resilient Earth

The ocean is Earth's largest single sink for CO2 outside of the planet's crust itself. ... and
transported to the deep ocean as sinking biogenic particles or as ...
http://theresilientearth.com/?q=content/ocean-co2-storage-revised
61%

However, due to the high temperature and pressure at the depth level of Benioff ... shallow
(typically less than 30 km deep), and can be of magnitude 8 or ...
http://whatonearth.olehnielsen.dk/Tectonics.asp
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395. Solid-Earth Sciences and Society

In this scenario the increasing pressure causes silicate minerals to convert to .... The basaltic ocean
crust extends to a mean thickness of about 6 km. .... Rocks from high-temperature and
high-pressure environments buried deep within ...
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1990&page=47
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396. Titan
Surface composition: the outer crust consists mostly of water ice, .... modified their actins to
reduce this pressure increase - the increase is about 60 ml/mol ... an ocean deep enough
(considering its weaker gravity) to produce such ...
http://cronodon.com/PlanetTech/Titan.html
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397. [PDF]Theory of the Earth

Earth, they are prominent among the recovered deep-seated samples, they are capable of yielding
material ..... a substantial increase in pressure or decrease in temperature ..... source region for
oceanic crust is remarkably homogeneous ...
http://caltechbook.library.caltech.edu/14/10/TOE09.pdf
60%
398. Chapter 5
Jul 2005 - ...temperature due to a change of pressure alone, without exchange...2. With increasing
pressure the temperature required...result of the increasing pressure. Consequently, at
increasing...temperature continues to increase, but the melting tempe
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch5.pdf
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399. Declaring War On The Universe?

[ And is so unclear to the millions without such knowledge] First, the ... ocean is about 5,000 feet
deep and drill another 30,000 feet into the crust of ...
http://www.rense.com/general90/war.htm
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400. Earth's Crust | Earth Dynamics | Earth Facts

The crust is divided into ocean crust and continental crust. ... downward increases in wave
propagation velocity, density and thickness. The upper two layers were studied by the Deep Sea
Drilling Project which ran ... They include intermediate igneous rock
http://www.earthfacts.net/earth-dynamics/earthscrust/
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401. Globe Carbon Cycle
The Earth's Crust: The largest amount of carbon on Earth is stored in ... also be transferred by
sinking to the deep ocean pool where it can be stored for ...
http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/CarbonPoolsFluxes.shtml
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402. Karsten Storetvedt

The increasing hydrostatic pressure has led, particularly since late Palaeozoic ... Formation of deep
ocean basins - the South Atlantic. According to this new global ...
http://www.storetvedt.com/karsten/intro_theory.htm
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403. Katie Robinson

The atmosphere has a thin film and is not very deep or very dense._ The top of ... does this view
of the Earth crust explain why most earthquakes and most ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~krobinson/GEOS_Midterm.htm
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404. Practice questions: The Earth's Interior

The continental and oceanic crust. The crust and uppermost mantle ... Low pressures. Minerals
with higher melting temperatures ... As seismic waves penetrate deep into the earth, through
which layers do they slow down rather than speed up? ... The speed of
http://orgs.usd.edu/esci/exams/interior.html
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405. Sink rate

Let's take that the bottom of deep Ocean pit is 10km below the surface.10 kilometers underneath
the pressure is so enormous that increase in ...
http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=156758
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406. Subduction Zones

As the ocean crust sinks deeper into the mantle the pressure increases (the temperature of the
ocean crust rocks increases more slowly because rocks are ...
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone_basic.htm
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407. [PDF]An Experimental Study of Velocities Under Pressure for Ancient ...
pressure measurements on the rocks reflect the depthwise increase in ... 1 of the oceanic crust
consists of sedimentaries and a few volcanics, .... indicates a deep-seated origin for the
granodiorites and is comparable with those asso- ...
http://www.informaworld.com/index/907178205.pdf
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408. [PDF]Microsoft PowerPoint - plate tectonics 223 part 1 earth ...

warmer than the oceanic crust. • As we go deeper in the crust, temperature and pressure increase.
• In the upper part of the crust, the rocks are ...
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/geo/courses/notes/2005/smith_g223%20lect1%204-slide.pdf
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409. Australia will be first to excel at mining ocean floor for ...
Mar 14, 2008... the pressure due to water depth, increasing as one goes deeper. ..... In the deep
water environment that is underlain by oceanic crust, ...
http://www.miningweekly.com/article/australia-will-be-first-to-excel-at-mining-ocean-floor-for-gold-
copper-top-canadian-professor-predicts-2008-03-14-1
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410. Celtic Sea Salt

Celtic Sea Salt tastes delicious, contains full spectrum ocean minerals & trace elements and has
many unexpected health benefits. Available to buy in our secure ...
http://www.regenerativenutrition.com/content.asp?id=30
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411. DiveNews.Com
... to questions about crust formation, the origin of life, ocean chemistry and more. ... deep and
wide as the Grand Canyon in places and as tall as Mount Everest in others, he said. ...
http://www.divenews.com/print.php?sid=5538
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412. Formation of lava bubbles offers new insight into seafloor ...
The hardened crust then breaks, forming pock marks and glassy black plates of ... seafloor lavas
and increase understanding of deep-sea volcanic processes. ... microbes living inside the ocean
crust, an area known as the deep biosphere. ... enough to form
http://scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/A/20037611.html
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413. Metastable transformations of eclogite to garnetite in ...

In order to clarify metastable mineralogy of subducting oceanic crust, mechanisms of ... with
increasing pressure by the eclogite-garnetite transformation. ...
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.U43B0068N
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414. MG&G History | Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Mid-ocean ridges are the sites where new ocean crust and mantle is generated from molten ... the
only way humans can travel to the floor of the deep ocean. ... in the face of mounting pressure
from development and increasing population. ...
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/research/marine-geology-geophysics/mg-g-history
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415. Mineral Physics Lab at MIT

... Raman Spectroscopy and Laser Heating System for In Situ High Pressure and High ... due to
aluminum and steep radial temperature increase at the D'' layer. ...
http://www-eaps.mit.edu/faculty/shim/research.html
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416. OceanLink | Biodviersity - Ask a Marine Scientist

... deep will help us to better understand evolutionary processes and the ocean environment. ...
layers: the crust (6-70km deep), the mantle, and the core. The crust is divided into ...
http://www.oceanlink.info/biodiversity/ask/oceanography.html
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417. PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

biological and biogeochemical consequences of increasing atmospheric and oceanic ... plants in the
surface ocean, or by speeding up the natural, surface-to-deep ...
http://www.ocean-acidification.net/Symposium2004/Symp2004Docs/AbstractBook.pdf
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418. The Open Door Web Site : Frequently Asked Questions
The pressures deep in the ocean are certainly extremely high. ... equipment divers would soon
experience problems due to the increased pressures under water . .... The earth's crust under the
sea is thin an known as 'oceanic crust'. ...
http://www.saburchill.com/faqs/faqs01.html
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419. Tsunami Scattering and Earthquake Faults in the Deep Pacific ...
ples are the eruptions and landslides from Vulcano, and. other islands near Italy, and the ...
Tectonic processes in the deep ocean occur over an. immerse range of ...
http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/17_1/17_1_Mofjeld_et_al.pdf
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420. [PDF]arXiv:astro-ph/0201018 v2 23 Jan 2002

ers of deep ocean crust corresponding to the intervals. 0-2.8, 3.7-5.9 Myr ( see Table 1). ... is
larger than the ram pressure of the solar wind at the. Earth orbit. .... Therefore, the subsequent
increase in the UV-B flux ...
http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/534437/files/0201018.pdf
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421. [PDF]Climate Change is Nothing New - DEEP TECTONIC ZONES AND ...
of the northern and southern hemispheres, with the increase in annual temperatures in the
northern hemisphere being ... containing pressure of the deep ocean. The hot hydro- ... hole in the
oceanic floor where the normal ocean crust ...
http://icecap.us/images/uploads/EndersbeeReprint.pdf
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422. Department of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences

A unit of pressure, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level. ..... crust The upper
part of the lithosphere , divided into oceanic crust and ... They are immensely varied and may
range from the deep ocean to the coral reef and ... dilatancy
http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/courses/Geol_100/old_files/glossary.v2.html
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423. ecology.com | Earth at a Glance; Fast Facts & Figures

Many times gravity and atmospheric pressure are considered one and the same thing. ... 35,802
feet, Challenger Deep, Marinas Trench in the Pacific Ocean. ...
http://ecology.com/features/earthataglance/youarehere.html
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424. GEOL 3070 / ATOC 3070: Introduction to Oceanography Syllabus ...

Explain how isostatic equilibrium accounts for the existence of ocean basins. ... vectors to illustrate
the balance of the pressure gradient force and Coriolis, ...
http://instaar.colorado.edu/~marchitt/3070.2010.syllabus.pdf
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425. Geology
Subduction zones are regions of the Earth that are defined by deep trenches ... The bend of the
plate increases until the slab dips into the mantle at angles ... phase changes in minerals within the
plate as it moves to higher pressures, .... Subduction zo
http://www.utdallas.edu/scimathed/resources/Melville/g_whatisasubductionzone.html
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426. Geology 111 - A3 - Global geology at the turn of the century
earth's crust and mantle, and how it has implications for virtually every aspect ... The crust is
approximately 5 km thick under the oceans and 30 to 60 km thick on ...
http://records.viu.ca/~earles/geol111/lectures/notes02.pdf
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427. Killer Wave! Tsunami-Pictures, Map, Facts, Resources ...

Learn all about tsunamis and how most form from undersea earthquakes. Get facts, stories, and
more from National Geographic Kids magazine.
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/media/ngkids/9610/kwave/index.html
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428. Looking inside the Earth - Australian Museum

The internal structure of the Earth consists of three main parts, the crust, mantle and core. The
division between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho.
http://australianmuseum.net.au/Looking-inside-the-Earth/
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429. Scope 35 - Scales and Global Change, Chapter 15, The Ocean System-Ocean / Climate
and Ocean / CO2 Interactions
HANS OESCHGER,Jul 2003 - ...characteristics of ocean water. CO...anthropogenic CO 2 increase
and showed...especially ocean system processes...the partial pressure of dissolved...CO 2 partial
pressure averaged over the ocean surface. As...compared to the de
http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope35/chapter15.html
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430. Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas Fault
The faint tug of the sun and moon on the San Andreas Fault stimulates tremors deep underground,
suggesting that the rock 15 miles below is lubricated with highly ...
http://www.labspaces.net/101293/Sun_and_moon_trigger_deep_tremors_on_San_Andreas_Fault
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431. Unit III Dynamic Crust Powerpoint

Unit III: The Dynamic Crust, Earthquakes and the Earth's Interior Review Book pp.47-65 Taken
from http://vschsd.org/s
http://www.slideshare.net/edwardoliver/unit-iii-dynamic-crust-powerpoint-presentation
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432. [DOC]Chapter 14: The Internal Processes

1) denser oceanic crust underrides continental crust when they collide ... 3) a parallel deep ocean
trench develops as the seafloor is subducted ..... adjacent to the area of magma invasion as a
result of the heat and pressure of the rising intrusion ....
http://www.uccs.edu/~faculty/chuber/ges101/Chapt-14.doc
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433. [PDF]1 EARTH'S INTERIOR Information on Earth's interior: 1) seismic ...

of increased pressure which enhances the elastic properties of deeply buried ... Compositional
differences between oceanic and continental crust was first ...
http://geology.rutgers.edu/~feigy/LectureNotes/11EarthInterior.pdf
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434. [PDF]Pressure-temperature Phase Diagram of the Earth

in the crust, oceans and surface lie within the pressure-temperature polygons. ... In the deep crust
(> 10 km) the permeability is extremely low, on the order of 10 ... The inhabited fraction of liquid
water may increase as deep ...
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/Jones&LineweaverProceedingsv7color.pdf
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435. [PDF]WW Rubey's (1) conclusion that most of the - WW Rubey's (1 ...
mass-balance argument for the loss of ocean volume or extrater- restrial sources . ... increased
interest in the possible ongoing accretion of extrater- ... We will assume that fluid pressure in the
deep crust is close ...
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~manning/pdfs/im02.pdf
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436. [RTF]Final Exam Outline - Introduction to Physical Geology- Final ...

Dense oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust forming a deep sea .... As heat &
pressure increase the rock recrystallizes but does not melt thus ...
http://seaport.coastline.edu/_Media/_CourseMedia/36_3228/File/final_exam_reviewppoutf03.rtf
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437. Celestial Influences upon Earthquakes

So where mountains rise high, the crust beneath is very deep. And where the land is flat ... The
crust below the ocean is much less in depth and its depth also ...
http://www.promedia.net/users/greebo/earthq2.htm
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438. Continental crust

Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, ... The high temperatures and pressures at
depth, often combined with a long history of ... and deep subduction of continental crust in collision
zones. ... It is a matter of debate whether the amoun
http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Continental_crust.htm
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439. Deadly carbon dioxide. - Free Online Library

Free Online Library: Deadly carbon dioxide. (includes a related article on the deadly cloud of carbon
dioxide spewed from Cameroon's Lake Nyos in 1986 which ...
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Deadly+carbon+dioxide.-a020297416
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440. Evolution of Galápagos Magmas: Mantle and Crustal ...

Magmas of the volcanoes with deep calderas stage and fractionate at very shallow depths. ....
Although CaO/Al2O3 has been shown to increase with extent of melting .... As a first test of
assimilation of altered oceanic crust, ..... Determining the composit
http://oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/petroj/online/Volume_39/Issue_05/html/egb022_gml.html
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441. Further reading - New Scientist

And plate tectonics constantly form and reform the ocean crust. ... Much of the world, including the
deep ocean floors, would have looked then much ...
http://www.science.org.au/nova/newscientist/027ns_002.htm
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442. IASPEI Brochure

Mar 2009 - ...Ocean Network The International Ocean Network (ION), which also has...permanent
seismic observatories in the deep ocean. The primary purpose is to compensate...digital recording
systems make such a deep ocean network possible. ION is facilita
http://www.iaspei.org/brochure/brochure.html
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443. Lect5(Oceano)-(TectonicsII).ppt
Oct 2007 - ...Slope, Rise)) ? Deep-Ocean Basins (Deep-Ocean Basins (Abyssal Plains...Ocean vsvs .
Continental Crust). Continental...not all of it is molten As Pressure increaseAs Pressure increase !!
melting...
http://loer.tamug.edu/Loup/MARM07/Lect5(Oceano)-(TectonicsII).pdf
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444. New Insights into Andesite Genesis: the Role of Mantle-derived Calc-alkalic and
Crust-derived Tholeiitic Melts in Magma ...
Jan 2010 - ...Second, the continental crust, the most differentiated...origin of continental crust and
differentiation processes...crustal reservoirs or in the deep crust close to the Moho
(Sisson...constant SiO 2 content increase with distance from the...
http://intl-petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/egn055v1
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445. NSF FY 2001 Request: Geosciences | SpaceRef - Your Space ...

NSF FY 2001 Request: Geosciences - SpaceRef ... geological and geophysical processes that shape
and alter the planet's continental crust." The Ocean Sciences ...
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=940
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446. ocean: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

May 2010 - ...names. Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust Oceanic crust Oceanic
crust...lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of...deep.
The vast expanses of deep ocean (anything below cover about.
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/ocean
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447. Online Dictionary of Marine Science Terms | Monterey Bay Aquarium

A glossary of scientific terms related to the ocean and marine life from the Monterey Bay Aquarium,
Monterey, California.
http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/AquariumLibraryWeb/ui/glossary/glossarySearch.aspx
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448. Plate Tectonics | BookRags.com

Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics summary with encyclopedia entries, research information, and
more. ... age of the oceanic crust should increase with distance away from the ...
http://www.bookrags.com/eb/plate-tectonics-eb/
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449. Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle ...

Jun 8, 2007 ... Water exists in oceanic crust as various hydrous minerals. ... minerals become
unstable at pressure and temperature conditions .... to a velocity increase subparallel to the
deep-slab seismicity is observed down to ~ ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5830/1468
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450. Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets - Text View

Building on fishermen's and other seafarers' knowledge of the way ... the ocean and studied how
the speed of sound varied with the temperature and pressure of ...
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=219
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451. Topics
An increase of one unit of magnitude (for example, from 4.6 to 5.6) ... crust, is hotter and denser
because temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase ...
http://www.teleseismic.net/aboutearthquakes/aboutearthquakes.html
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452. [PDF]Compositional Stratification in the Deep Mantle

of oceanic crust and lithosphere, plus small amounts of recycled continental crust. In ad- .....
assuming that the intrinsic density increase in the lower layer is .... hottest and coldest mantle at
constant pressure, and ...
http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/MIT-HRVD2005/190405/Kellogg1999.pdf
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453. [PDF]Technology in Deep Ocean Drilling

nature of the oceanic crust. This project employs a simple technique for ...... installed marine riser,
the corresponding pressure increase, in relation to ...
http://www.jstor.org/stable/37268
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454. 01Introduction.doc
... and new ocean floor is created at the mid-ocean ridge. As the crust cools, it subsides. ... on
grains)-(fluid pressure) [the effect of increasing fluid pressure is equivalent to ...
http://www.iwu.edu/~gpouch/geo101/01Introduction.doc
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455. 031595-UC_Santa_Cruz_makes
Thus equipped, the world's earth and marine scientists have been gradually piecing ... the
proportion of ocean sediments carried deep into the plate margin ...
http://www.ucsc.edu/news_events/press_releases/archive/94-95/03-95/031595-UC_Santa_Cruz_m
akes.html
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456. 91.06.05: The Great Continental Drift Mystery

When an ocean plate edge collides with a continental plate its denser ... rock found there is
deep-ocean sediment or ocean crust origin which was scraped ...
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.html
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457. Earth Movements

The sinking plate forms a deep. ocean trench. The two plates can join. together and fold ... gap
and forms new ocean crust. The middle drawing shows subduction. ...
http://www.delta-education.com/downloads/samples_dsm/738-6024DSR.pdf
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458. glg140_lecture_notes_fall04.pdf
mid-ocean ridges and new oceanic crust is added at the ridge. ... shallow and near a terrigenous
source, and 2. the deep ocean. basin, which is deep and far ...
http://dtc.pima.edu/~nschmidt/glg_140/glg140_lecture_notes_fall04.pdf
56%
459. Highest pH? :: Geochemical Society

Probably the highest pH ever measured in the deep sea, and possibly in any natural ... The
upwelling serpentinite brings up fragments of subducted ocean crust .... with increasing
temperature at low pressure, their solubility increases ...
http://www.geochemsoc.org/publications/geochemicalnews/gn141oct09/highestph.htm
56%
460. Hydrogeologic Controls on Episodic H2 Release from Precambrian Fractured

Rocks-Energy for Deep Subsurface Life on Earth and ...
Sep 2008 - ...Energy for Deep Subsurface Life...indicate that deep Precambrian Shield...Continental
crust—Fractures—Chemoautotrophic...their role in the deep terrestrial bios...teration of basaltic
ocean floor have...pling depth pressure by gas-tight..
http://deepbio.princeton.edu/samp/papers/Sherwood-Lollaretal07-fracturerelease AstrobioJour.pdf
56%
461. JASON Mission Center : Where Volcanoes Occur

This crash crumples the two plates together, increasing the thickness of the crust at these
locations. ... This subduction results in deep ocean trenches, such as the Mariana ...
http://www.jason.org/digital_library/10214.aspx
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462. Lani Aina Kai - GG 103 Formation of Hawaiian Islands

The core/mantle boundary is approximately 2900 km deep. ... Oceanic crust is relatively thin, and
continental crust is relatively thick. ... Geothermal gradient - the increase in temperature with
increasing depth. ... The pressure of the overlying rock pre
http://www.laniainakai.com/gg103/files/gg103_notes/hawaii.html
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463. Petrology and Geochemistry of the Tromøy Gneiss Complex, South Norway, an Alleged
Example of Proterozoic Depleted Lower ...
Mar 2009 - ...crystallization of a dacitic magma within the deep continental crust at 1·54 Ga (Rb-Sr
whole-rock...grade P - T conditions in the deep crust at ~1540 Ma (Field & Råheim...magmatic
processes acting in the deep crust at ambient granulite-faci
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/petroj/online/Volume_40/Issue_06/html/egc044_gml.h
tml
56%
464. Sedimentary Basins related to Volcanic Arcs - Flash version ...

Sep 5, 2009 ... increased pressure at depth. Heat of Radioactive Decay .... or younger less- dense
oceanic crust forming an elongate deep oceanic trench. ...
http://www.powershow.com/view/3744a-ZjJiN/Sedimentary_Basins_related_to_Volcanic_Arcs
56%
465. Shallow origin for South Atlantic Dupal Anomaly from lower continental crust:
Geochemical evidence from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge .
Sep 2009 - ...lower continental crust during continental rifting...lower continental crust into the Fig.
1. (a...wide and 1.5 km deep. The rift valley shallows...are depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts
(N...Variable low-pressure fractionation...age of the oce
http://www.mantleplumes.org/WebDocuments/Regelous2009.pdf
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466. Survey of Environmental Geobiochemistry Stephen K. Lower Simon Fraser...
Dec 2006 - ...solid) atmosphere crust upper mantle lower...Thickness of layer Pressure at bottom
Percent...the continental crust, which forms from...million years. High-pressure studies in the
laboratory...plates reduces the pressure below. The molten...
http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/geochem.pdf
56%
467. Visualizing the Tonga Earthquake | Deep Sea News

Mar 19, 2009 ... The last set is deep quakes, which are thought by some to be phase ... as the
remains of the oceanic crust undergo massive heat and pressure ...
http://deepseanews.com/2009/03/visualizing-the-tonga-earthquake/
56%
468. [PDF]Lecture 19-Ocean Circulation and Paleoclimate

Nov 6, 2006 ... The piling of water in the Western Warm Pool creates a pressure head ... freezing
owing to its salt content) fills the deep ocean below 2500 m depth ... Density increases as
temperature declines and salinity increases. ... Also means that,
http://sorcerer.ucsd.edu/ERTH50/Lect19-Ocean%20circulation.pdf
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469. [PDF]The importance of water to oceanic mantle melting regimes

thicker ocean crust. This model also accounts well for the major- .... regimes such as increasing the
pressure of final melting, Pf, due to conductive cooling .... deep water-enhanced melting and/or an
increase in potential temperature. ...
http://www.uoregon.edu/~drt/Classes/Geophysics607_F05/Asimow_Langmuir_Nature.pdf
55%
470. Cambrian explosion triggered by geosphere-biosphere feedbacks

explosion is characterized by a sudden increase of biomass ... ocean and atmosphere, C. o+a , in
the continental crust, C. c , in. the ocean crust and ...
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/VonBlohGRL.pdf
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471. Claim 2 - The 'Vapour Canopy'

( Furthermore, the average crust thickness under the oceans, which occupy over 70 ... take into
account the pressure here, which would increase the boiling point of ...
http://www.frayn.net/evolution/claim2.html
55%
472. Continental Drift - Plate Tectonics

Thus the ocean bottom grew increasingly heavy, and added to this was ... and owing to the
enormous gravity pressure, it was and still is very hot in the deep ...
http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php?topic=519.0
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473. CVO Menu - Volcano Types - "Quick Reference"

... of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ... The granite or
granitelike layer of the continental crust extends ... The floor of the ocean is more than 15000 feet
deep at the bases of the islands. ... confining pre
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/AboutVolcanoes/volcano_types_quick_reference.html
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474. Evidence from ophiolites, blueschists, and ultrahigh-pressure ...

Negative buoyancy of the lithosphere results from the small increase in density that ... The rarest
type of ophiolite forms at a mid-ocean ridge, but because .... The first evidence for deep
subduction of continental crust thus is found ...
http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/33/7/557.full
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475. Gaia's first 2012-chills (3 of 5) " Julez Edward

This increasing pressure will eventually look for the path of the least resistance and blow off the lid.
... it touched the ocean floor, it went inside the crust for another 9 ...
http://julezedward.wordpress.com/2010/06/11/gaia%E2%80%99s-first-2012-chills-3-of-5/
55%
476. Geology 1403 June 7, 2002 EXAM #1 Potassium (K) reacts with oxygen...
Feb 2006 - ...solid rr. increase in temperature...the oceanic crust? llll. undeformed...subducted at
the deep ocean trench rrrr...continental crust 36...seamounts b. deep ocean trench c...underneath
crust, solid, broken...of heat, pressure, time and...
http://blue.utb.edu/paullgj/geol1403/exams/ex1summ02.htm
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477. GMOA Notes - Science Olympiad Student Center Event Wiki

71% of Earth's surface is covered by ocean which is 97% of Earth's water ... deep in the earth's
crust and tell us about conditions within the crust ...
http://www.scioly.org/wiki/GMOA_Notes
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478. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Deap East 2001

The crust is estimated to be approximately 180 million yrs old. ... is stable at pressure and
temperature conditions common in deep-sea sediments. ... Knowledge of deep-sea biodiversity is
so limited. With the increase in interest in ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/deepeast01/logs/sep23/sep23.html
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479. peridotite: Definition from Answers.com

(3) Peridotite also occurs on the walls of rifts in the deep sea floor and as hills on the sea ... olivine
is converted to the higher-pressure mineral wadsleyite. ... The peridotite below the ocean crust,
"abyssal peridotite," is found on the ... This hydr
http://www.answers.com/topic/peridotite
55%
480. PhysForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums ...

The earth's surface is dominated by the oceans which are composed of water and dissolved ... ice
mountains north and south and deep oceans of nuclear brine going ...
http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=2599
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481. Physical Geology Luca Galuzzi - www.galuzzi.it A Study Guide ...

3) Ocean salinity is constant. Since life started on Earth, the energy provided by the ... increase of
coccolithophoride life, increasing the amount of CO2 locked in the ocean ...
http://www.mines.uidaho.edu/~sprenke/PhysicalGeology/TRANSPARENT_TEXT/Physical_Geology_
A_Study_Guide.txt
55%
482. The Mystery of Global Warming's Missing Heat - Science a GoGo's Discussion Forums
May 2009 - ...to a mile deep, their sea...inches of ocean heat, and...readings using pressure.
Allowing...increasing, the deep ocean getting warmer...Earth's crust, however...entering the ocean?
now what...temperature increase in the water...reducing the p
http://www.scienceagogo.com/forum/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=26071
55%
483. The Search for Life on Europa: Limiting Environmental Factors ...
sure, and time; (2) potential habitats for life on Europa; and (3) Earth analogues and ... on Europa
are the ice layer, the brine ocean, and the seafloor en ...
http://www.gi.alaska.edu/~eicken/he_publ/03MFEP.pdf
55%
484. [PDF]Criteria for Recognition of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits in ...

The metallic mineral potential of oceanic crust other than in manganese nodules is poorly known,
and its ..... tal layer 2 and the upper portion of layer 3, as deep as ... temperature and pressure;
partial precipitation of dis- ...... temperature increase
http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/73/2/135.pdf
54%
485. [PDF]Depth of oceanic-crust underplating in a subduction zone ...

cracks were sealed at 125–195 C under 92–144 MPa of fluid pressure. Vein II formed in cracks that
might have opened in ... thin section of oceanic crust underplates in the hanging wall. Such a
step-down site is the ... accretionary prisms, but in a dee
http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~crowe/structure/handouts/GEOL_Matsumura_2003.pdf
54%
486. 1 1995-2000 Reading Full Test 1995-08 Questions 1-9 The ocean bottom...
Nov 2002 - ...Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible...than at
the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment...researchers have taken
samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century...
http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~ntchuyen/TOEFL essay/TOEFL Test
1995-2003/Read_1995_2000.pdf
54%
487. Composition and depth of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts

May 2010 - ...have held that mid-ocean ridge basalts are fractionated from high pressure (15-30
kbar) picritic...close to those of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Of critical...agree that most mid-ocean
ridge basalts are fractionated...advocating a moderate press
http://cs.utd.edu/geosciences/faculty/PDFpapers/84,PresHoover,MORBs.pdf
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488. Control of Atmospheric CO2 by the Oceans

Consider a hypothetical planet with a crust made of single mineral ... The carbon dioxide content of
soils will rise causing an increase in the rate of weathering. ... This equilibrium is controlled by the
partial pressure (that pressure caused ... Because
http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/ocean_co2control.html
54%
489. DOEI Fall 2002 Update : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

May 2010 - ...access to the deep ocean and present new...differential pressure in and out of...from
oceanic crust to the oceans...criteria for an ocean-bottom observatory...fluids into the deep ocean
Study of...is expected to increase seafloor resistivity.
http://www.whoi.edu/pdfserver.do?url=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53aG9pLmVkdS9wYWdlLmRvP3BpZD0xM
DY1NSZwcmludD10aGlz
54%
490. High-pressure transition of CaCO3 - Ono et al. 92 (7): 1246 ...

During the laser heating, pressure increased, because of the thermal pressure of the sample. ....
Marine sediments and hydrothermally altered oceanic crust containing these carbonates are likely
to subduct into the deep mantle ...
http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/92/7/1246
54%
491. Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami

Jan 2005 - Scientific Background on the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Vital
Information...of warnings is in place across the Pacific Ocean. However, there was no warning
system in the Indian Ocean. In addition, coastal dwellers are educated...
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~lareef/tsunami/science.html
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492. Misconceptions about tides.

Misleading textbook accounts of ocean tides. ... stretched and squeezed as the tides deform the
solid Earth, and the pressure rises and falls on their gauges twice each day.—Jay ...
http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/tides.htm
54%
493. New Theory of the Earth - Cambridge University Press

... and buoyant outer layers are effective insulators and serve to keep the crust and ... refining
during accretion and crystallization of a deep magma ocean are possible ways of ...
http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521849593&ss=exc
54%
494. Ocean - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo! Education

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to the weight ... It is now also
generally accepted that a new ocean crust has been forming ... The deep ocean floor begins at the
seaward edge of the continental rise or ...
http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/ocean
54%
495. Petrotectonics of ultrahigh-pressure crustal and upper-mantle ...

Densities (g/cm3) of unaltered oceanic crust, 3.0, continental material, 2.7, and anhydrous mantle,
3.2, increase with elevated pressure, ..... (A) Deep burial and thermal structure of a subducted
sheet of continental crust. ...
http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/433/27.full
54%
496. Plumbing Planetary Secrets - US News and World Report

Beyond trinkets. Geologists have mantle rocks sitting in their labs. Last year, for ... ocean floor;
Projected drilling depth: 4 miles below ocean floor; Ocean; Crust; Mantle; ...
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/010219/archive_005275_2.htm
54%
497. Rapid dike emplacement

The creation of ocean crust by rapid injection of magma at mid-ocean ridges can .... magmas and
volatile exsolution can lead to increased pressure and diking, ... historical perspective and future
implications: Deep Sea Research, v. ...
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/outstand/dzia2986/dzia2986.shtml
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498. Reports to the President 1996-97

... complex geosystems in the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, crust, and deep interior and the similar
systems on ... The Department continues to increase its participation in freshman ...
http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres97/13.04.html
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499. SEDIMENTS Sediments cover the ocean floor. The composition and origin...
Feb 2007 - ...including water temperature, pressure, biological activity...In contrast, in the cold
deep ocean basins where there is lots...found in sediments in the deep marine environment.
Changes in Pressure: An increase in pressure (ie increasing...
http://www3.ncc.edu/faculty/bio/fanellis/biosci119/SEDIMENTS.htm
54%
500. Was There A World-Wide Flood In Noah's Life Time, Where Did ...
That pressure increase caused the granite crust to rupture releasing the ... drained out into the
newly formed deep ocean basins during the recovery phase. ...
http://www.personal.psu.edu/jmc6/CFSF/Articles/mumma_noah.html
54%
501. WikiAnswers - What happens to temperature and pressure as you ...

What causes pressure to incease as you go deeper below the crust? What happens to the amount
of pressure as you go deeper into the ocean? ...
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_temperature_and_pressure_as_you_go_deeper_into
_the_ocean
54%
502. [ More results from eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org

The hydroxyl absorbance increases with recrystallization pressure of the ... Thus, subducted
oceanic crust can transport trace amounts of H2O into the upper ...
http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/88/1/229
53%
503. [PDF]on ocean-ridge magma fractionation:

ing pressure the increase of tholeiite melt density transgresses that of plagioclase (Ango) at about
6 kb ..... Evolution of ocean crust, 3. Petrology and chemistry of .... ocean ridge segment: evidence
from submarine and deep ...
http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/138/6/695.pdf
53%
504. Fluid processes during the exhumation of high-P metamorphic ...

As oceanic crust is substantially hydrated during early seafloor ..... 1987), where a lower plate of
hot, deep-level metamorphic basement is exhumed in the .... many minerals in supercritical fluids
increases with increasing pressure, ...
http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/66/1/93
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505. GLOBAL NATURAL CYCLES

The principle reservoirs are the atmosphere, ocean and crust. Each reservoir has a characteristic
rate of ... by the higher pressure and lower pH characteristics of deep water. ...
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/biogeochem/publications/Megonigal%20EOLSS%20(2003)_files/search
.html
53%
506. IFM-GEOMAR REPORT Berichte aus dem Leibniz-Institut für...

Jun 2007 - ...Porewater Pressure Lance) Lander...as well as deep structural...approximately 50
ocean bottom instruments...subducted Atlantic crust. This subduction...facing arc crust may
produce...hypocenter depths increase westward...2500 km of deep-penet
http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/serien/qa/ifm/ifm-geomar_rep12.pdf
53%
507. Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Near the surface in ordinary crust, the temperature rises some 30 ... Increasing pressure causes a
reduction in volume of the rock by first compaction ...
http://slohs.slcusd.org/pages/teachers/rhamley/Rocks%20and%20Plates/lecture16.html
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508. Link to all written lecture notes lecture notes here

3) Deep in mountain belts = regional metamorphism = high temperature and high pressure. ... at
midocean ridges - ocean crust metasomitized into serpentine ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/F08.102.web/F08.102.Notes.htm
53%
Deep seismic probing of continental crust in the lower Yangtze region, ... long-lived temperature
increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. The much ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/canberra.html
53%
510. Messages from the Pleiadianss

Enhance the mind, keep the body fit & healthy, change your life for the better, connect with your
inner spirit, everything for body, mind and spirit.
http://www.karinya.com/pleiades1.htm
53%
511. Ocean 540: Paleoproductivity

Because the deep water records the input of oxidative CO2 since it left the ... within the ocean so
as to increase the deep water concentration (productivity and ...
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec01-28/
53%
512. Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pmd

Aug 2008 - ...Sciences has a three-fold mission: to increase the world’s store of
knowledge...knowledge about the atmosphere and the ocean, especially the Pacific North-
west...oceanographic research and is used mainly for deep ocean work. The Elakha, wh
http://oregonstate.edu/registrar/PrintCatalog05-06/Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pdf
53%
513. Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments Kurt Zenz...

Oct 2008 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
sediments...will slightly increase porosity, which...CO2 into the deep ocean (5, 6), and...the
continental crust, the tempera...temperature–pressure regimes do not...
http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/hastindw/MS1410-001_FA08/handouts/House_etalPNAS06.
pdf
53%
514. Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments Kurt Zenz...

Aug 2009 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
sediments...will slightly increase porosity, which...CO2 into the deep ocean (5, 6), and...the
continental crust, the tempera...temperature–pressure regimes do not...
http://schraglab.unix.fas.harvard.edu/publications/CV78.pdf
53%
515. Reference for Structure of the Earth - Search.com

Feb 5, 2007... and increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, ... The thin parts are
oceanic crust composed of dense (mafic) iron ...
http://www.search.com/reference/Structure_of_the_Earth
53%
516. StateMaster - Encyclopedia: Structure of the Earth

As there is intense and increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the ... Age of oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the part of Earths lithosphere that ...
http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Structure-of-the-Earth
53%
517. Wide-angle seismic data reveal sedimentary and crustal ...

We attribute this to an increase in pore pressure, which decreases seismic velocities. ... As there
are no deep borehole data for sediments unaffected by ... Published models ranged from thinned
continental to oceanic crust, ...
http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/28/9/1056
53%
518. Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al...
Aug 2006 - ...and CaCO3 in the ocean and in turn affect...surface water partial pressure of CO2
(pCO2...POC) flux in the ocean. Strong dust events...high POC flux in deep water in the
HNLC...data down to the deep ocean. There are several...
http://dust.ess.uci.edu/qhan/write-up/proposal.pdf
52%
519. For those who make the dizzying trip to the ceiling of the Western Hemisphere to gaze
at the deep blue waters of Lake Titicaca,
Jul 2009 - ...to gaze at the deep blue water of...above the Pacific Ocean, there is the...probably not
under pressure from human rivals...with the enormous ocean (mamaquta or jach...the earth's crust
that became mountain caves...some senses not a deep cont
http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/members/congress-papers/lasa2009/files/WilliamsHeather.pdf
52%
520. Microsoft Word - Chapter_4_Test

d. increase in pressure. e. vesiculation. 35. When peridotite first begins to melt, the ... 63. Volcanic
islands found in the deep ocean basin are generally composed of basaltic ...
http://www.lnhs.org/hayhurst/geology/Ch04/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Chapter_4_studyTest.pdf
52%
521. Microsoft Word - INTROMNA.DOC

Oct 1998 - ...beneath mid- ocean ridges to form...of the mafic ocean crust, which
transform...nature of the deep mantle? The...occurred over a pressure range of ca 10...Actual
sections of ocean floor are preserved...of the lower crust. Composition...
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/pdfdocs/intromna.pdf
52%
522. unified-universe.com
Joomla! - the dynamic portal engine and content management system ... the increasing resistance
of the high mass elemental particles near the center, increased the pressure and ...
http://unified-universe.com/
52%
523. Web search (min

deep, occur when ocean plates undercut a continental plate or another ocean plate. ... Greater
density and temperature increase pressure (greater number of collisions) ...
http://home.comcast.net/~jshribbs/science/content/earthsciconcepts.htm
52%
524. AGU On Line Book Catalog: Intro: Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal
Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers
Nov 2009 - ...of the Oceanic Crust Adiabatic rise...generation of mid-ocean ridge basalt...of
ophiolites, deep drill cores and exposures of deep crust in "tectonic...different mid-ocean ridge
environments...of the oceanic crust that ranges from...metamorph
http://kosmos.agu.org/cgi-bin/agubooks?intro=SEGM1784436&book=SEGM1784436&topic=&searc
h=
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525. Changes in Geophysical Technology on Deepwater Exploration in Eastern Offshore

Vietnam
Jan 2009 - ...The narrow ocean in the central of Vietnam...high risk due to deep water and its
complicated...temperature and high pressure, and in complex...stratigraphic traps. The deep water
areas of Vietnam...between continental and ocean crust. These m
http://geology.ou.edu/aaspi/data/publications/before2006/Mai et. al. 2002 - Changes in
Geophysical Technology on Deepwater Exploration in Eastern Offshore Vietnam - OTC14070.pdf
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526. CLASSROOM@SEA PROJECT

Apr 2007 - ...the pressures deep inside the earth...the earth way deep down beneath a mid-ocean
ridge, all the rocks have...Mantle rock from Crust rock. Prof. Otto...the lower-pressure
aluminous...differential in crust thickness is...there spurious deep-wa
http://www.soc.ac.uk/gg/classroom@sea/JC007/qa.html
51%
527. Course Notes

Aug 2009 - ...only 8 common in the earth's crust = O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K...Silicate Minerals most
common (in crust): c. 50% Silica...FRACTURES) • Release of Pressure Erosion removes overlying
rock - P drops...brown) • Desert Varnish black crust c
http://dnn.epcc.edu/Faculty/kdevaney/1403 Course Notes.html
51%
528. Microsoft Word - cooling_subsidence.doc

Oct 2006 - ...fraction of the deep mantle temperature...circulates deep into the crust and
advects...lithosphere to increase. The seafloor...confining pressure Po. Changes...model. The ocean
has a density...determine the increase in seafloor...? The pres
http://topex.ucsd.edu/geodynamics/07cooling.pdf
51%
529. Science Curriculum
Ocean trenches are very deep, and the continental shelf is relatively ... of ocean water increases,
the temperature decreases, the pressure increases, and ...
http://www.fcps.edu/CentreRidgeES/grade%20levels/grade%205/Science_Grade_5_Standards.pdf
51%
530. Stratton Report Chapter 5

Mar 2009 - ...the earth's crust under the sea...parts of the deep oceans may contain...to lie on the
ocean bottoms. The...sea. In the deep ocean, living matter...hydrostatic pressure without
light...supply to the deep ocean floor amounts...
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/noaainfo/heritage/stratton/chapter5.html
51%
531. Tsunamis - Tidal Waves - Flooding - Crystalinks

... a sub-surface event in the deep ocean; it simply has a much smaller amplitude ... of deep water
would probably not even notice the tsunami, the wave can increase to a ...
http://www.crystalinks.com/tsunami.html
51%
532. 6 chapter Overall assessment 8585 6.1 Introduction This chapter...

Dec 2000 - ...not applicable. ocean resources in the...8% of global ocean primary
production...replacement. Deep-water species...it would merely increase the discards...intermittent
and to increase when quotas of...Economic returns from deep-sea fishing...
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/climate encyclopaedia/pdfs/R5C6.pdf
50%
533. Exam 1-97 with Ans.

Plate tectonic setting Melting due to P decrease or T increase? ... the effect of increasing pressure
is to increase the melting temperature quite ...
http://www.brown.edu/Courses/GE_0001/97Ex1wAns.htm
50%
534. Geodynamics Module

These trends mark the edges of large portions of the Earth's crust that are called plates. ... drop in
pressure generates magma that fuels mid-ocean ridge volcanism ...
http://jesse.usra.edu/articles/geodynamicsmodule/geodynamicsmodule-paper.html
50%
535. LPSC XXIV 65 1 OVERTURN OF MAGMA OCEAN ILMENITE CUMULATE LAYER:...

Feb 2009 - ...core. A magma ocean formed during...anorthositic crust and chemically...of an 800
krn deep magma ocean creates 60 km of anorthosite crust, 40 krn of an...across it will increase as
Ht/cp where...heat at constant pressure. When the Rayleigh...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1993/pdf/1327.pdf
50%
536. ON_T Mar 05

May 2010 - ...acidification of the ocean and related...response, increase in arctic hydrocarbon...the
Arctic Ocean near Svalbard...dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal...Earth’s crust. In April
2007...consists of ocean bottom seismometers, pressure gauge an
http://www.neptunecanada.com/dotAsset/14452.pdf
50%
537. Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed at ...
ocean crust formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at Hess Deep: A synthesis and new
results, Geochem. ... Hess Deep showing a general increase in clinopyroxene Ce ...
http://web.uvic.ca/~kgillis/coogan%20hess%20gcubed.pdf
50%
538. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy...

Mar 2010 - ...Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy Cuba...between cold deep water and
warm...national strategy to increase the efficiency of...expert group on Ocean Thermal
Energy...includes efforts to increase energy use efficiency...potential for ocean energy
http://www.edf.org/documents/10797_ocean-energy-workshop-proceedings.pdf
50%
539. Simple scaling relations in geodynamics the role of pressure in geodynamics and
mantle convection
Feb 2005 - ...the 650-km-deep olivine-spinel phase boundary...lithosphere sink deep into Earth’s
lower...the ideas that ocean island basalts must tap deep primitive reservoirs...and that oceanic
crust–including thick...the effects of pressure are of...
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~dla/DLAScaling21Jan.pdf
50%
540. © 2006 Nature Publishing Group Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures...

Dec 2007 - ...derived organic carbon. Also, the increase in the Rock Eval hydrogen index suggests
a relative increase in aquatic versus terrestrial organic...from a 5–8 8C (refs 2, 3) increase in deep
ocean temperatures. The occurrence...
http://www.purdue.edu/climate/huber0507.pdf
49%
541. CHAPTER 10 (Folds, Faults and Rock Deformation)

Tensional forces common along extensional plate boundaries such as mid-ocean ridges. ...
pressure, which is like the pressure you feel when you dive deep underwater. ...
http://www.uh.edu/~geos6g/1330/struct.html
49%
542. EQnotes2
Deep focus - Foci are greater than 300 km. Benioff Zones. Patterns of increasing ... Changes - Can
be caused by increasing pressure in subsurface rocks in the region ...
http://www.fala.apscc.k12.az.us/EQnotes2.htm
49%
543. GEOG_3B_Winter_2004_Midterm_Review.doc
If the denser, subducting oceanic crust melts and rises towards the surface, it ... So a batholith is a
very deep "ocean" of intrusive igneous rock. ...
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~ted/GEOG_3B_Winter_2004_Midterm_Review.doc
49%
544. Glossary of Geology

... at depth within the earth's crust where the temperature and pressure ... include the
atmosphere, ocean biota, sediments and shallow crust." Explosion earthquake ENDTERM BEGDEF"
...
http://www.amateurgeologist.com/content/glossary.html
49%
545. Microbial Communities from Methane Hydrate-Bearing Deep Marine Sediments in a
Forearc Basin - Reed et al. 68 (8): 3759 - ...
David W. Reed / Yoshiko Fujita / D. Brad / Peter P. Sheridan / Takashi Uchida,Mar 2009 - ...under
conditions of high pressure and low temperature...In contrast, in deep sediments (>100 m
below...factors such as elevated pressure and temperature, the microb
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/68/8/3759
49%
546. Nature template - PC Word 97

Mar 2006 - ...incorporated in hydrated ocean crust and lithospheric...but also in the deep mantle
and core...significance of a deep water cycle, we...material into the deep mantle (> 200 km...the
amount of new ocean crust generated from mantle...
http://ruby.colorado.edu/~smyth/Research/Papers/DeepWaterCycle.pdf
49%
547. Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes

deep trenches play minor role so models usually truncate at bottom depth in abyssal ... in deep
basin. • model shelf and basin proper separately with different ocean models. ...
http://ecee.colorado.edu/~muszala/kanthaClayson.pdf
49%
548. Gas Hydrates - Geophysical studies of marine gas hydrate in Northern Cascadia
Mar 2009 - ...reflection systems and for ocean bottom seismographs...the very high resolution
Deep-Tow Acoustics/Geophysics...sources, and studies using ocean bottom seismographs The...to
be correlated to an increase in BSR reflection strength...data (top)
http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/gashydrates/ncascadia/index_e.php
48%
549. GSA Press Release - April GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY Media Highlights
May 2008 - ...of the continental crust. Compositions of...that reach the upper crust are sensitive
to...build continental crust. Sedimentary response...sudden and extreme increase in global
temperatures...the distribution of deep-sea calcium carbonate...no
http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/08-14.htm
48%
550. Petrology Quartzite - Stone B2B Marketplace - StoneBuy.com ...

StoneBuy.com - Find Building Material, Granite Countertops, Tiles, Slabs, Vanity tops, Sinks,
granite, marble, slate, sandstone, travertine, limestone, quartzite, ...
http://english.stonebuy.com/information/petrology-quartzite.asp
48%
551. Plate Tectonics Study Guide

Feb 2005 - ...water rich ocean crust and overlying mantle...movement. Here crust is neither
produced...mostly in the ocean basins, but a few...temporarily relieve the pressure. Hot Spots
and...originating deep within the mantle...basalt reaches the ocean w
http://hurri.kean.edu/~anderson/ppt/studyguides/geology/Plate Tect Study.htm
48%
552. Profile
Dec 2009 - ...Research Deep Crust and Mantle...Integrated Ocean Drilling...Influence of pressure
and mineralogy...Lower Oceanic Crust Estimated...CD ROM], Ocean Drilling...westward increase in
oblique...temperature, pressure, and alteration...CD ROM], Ocea
http://geoweb.tamu.edu/profile/sub/466
48%
553. To What Extent Does Terrestrial Life Follow The Water?

May 2010 - ...liquid water in the crust to a depth of...liquid water in the crust to a depth of
*75...environments such as deep sea thermal vents...depth of 1228C in the crust varies with
crustal...in crust. 3. The Pressure-Temperature...thermal vents on t
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/JonesLineweaver2010.pdf
48%
554. Biological impacts of deep-sea carbon dioxide injection inferred from indices of
physiological performance - Seibel and Walsh .
May 2010 - ...suppression Mortality Mobility of deep-sea fauna Perspective...anthropogenic carbon
dioxide in the deep ocean is assessed here with regard to the impacts on deep-living fauna. The
stability...carbon dioxide partial pressure ( P CO 2 ) may thu
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/206/4/641
47%
555. Calspace - Glossary of Terms

Pressure is increased on the seafloor during deglaciation (from the rise in sea level) ... of
radiocarbon in the deep ocean defines the age of deep water masses, their direction ...
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/Glossary_Climate/gloss_m-r.shtml
47%
556. Lucky Strike Smokers Are Different

The ocean crust really is coming. apart at the seams at these ridges. An artist's ... active spreading
centers themselves are very narrow (new ocean crust ...
http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/EandS/articles/LXV3/asimow.html
47%
557. The Skeptical Mind : ZetaTalk, The Grand Conspiracy 1995 - 2003
Increasing quakes and volcanic eruptions, as well as high tides and ocean ... Earth crust plates that
are coming under increasing pressure will no longer ...
http://www.skepticalmind.com/zeta_prophets_01_02.html
47%
558. US NSF - GEO - OCE - The Future of Basic Research in the ...
Given the rapid increase in Lagrangian measurements by drifting and profiling ... from the deep
Earth, hydrothermal circulation in ocean crust and sediments, or ...
http://www.nsf.gov/geo/oce/whatis/futures.jsp
47%
559. Abiogenic Origin of Petroleum - The "Hard" Science - Analogsf ...

If it can be produced in deep pressure, what's waiting out there on other worlds? ... Is the ocean's
hydraulic pressure on the ocean floor a significant ...
http://www.analogsf.com/aspnet_forum/messages.aspx?TopicID=972
46%
560. BRIDGE: full text only version

... ocean crust is formed in a string of long, thin volcanoes erupting magma from ... lava, and from
melt intruded deep below the ocean floor, comes new ocean crust. ...
http://www.personal.soton.ac.uk/jtc/fierydeep.html
46%
561. From the President's Office - 3/16/07
Proposal pressure continues as the program strives to meet the vision laid out in the Initial Science
Plan. ... gas hydrates, deep biosphere and the structure of ocean crust. ...
http://www.oceanleadership.org/2007/from-the-presidents-office-3-16-07/
46%
562. Long-term Observation and Research Plan

... themes (thermal circulation, material cycle, marine ecosystems and ocean crust ... sea surface to
the ocean deep, and between the ocean (which has a heat capacity ...
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-j/PR/9807/MIRAI/Plan-e.html
46%
563. N33750_BSI ocean final

May 2010 - ...also suggested that ocean currents and changes in...changes in water pressure.
Lowered overboard...water. Because the pressure in decibars is approxi...damentals about the
ocean—the effect of temperature...S C I E N C E S 3 Deep Water Therm
http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/CIOSS/Documents/Outreach/Aug07/sounding_oceans_secrets.pd
f
46%
564. Review .doc

Dealing with high pressure (deep sea under pressures of 200 -600 atm) ... deep sea species have
pressure-insensitive enzymes while shallow water species ...
http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/Bio-home/George-Sophie/marine/MarineReview09.doc
46%
565. Skeptical Real Climate Science

To help reclaim politicised Science, to help transition to sustainability, to provide a friendly forum
for ... in shallow ice cores roughly proportional to increasing pressure. ...
http://www.greenworldtrust.org.uk/Science/Scientific/CO2-ice-HS.htm
46%
566. Assessing geochemical carbon management

a review of proposals to manipulate the ocean alkalinity to increase the oceanic ... deep aquifers.
demonstrate that Mg-silicate dissolution increases with increasing pressure ...
http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/jstephens/documents/Stephens%20&%20Keith%202008.pdf
45%
567. Deep in the Heart of Dixie: Pre-Alleghanian Eclogite and HP Granulite...

Mar 2003 - ...that preserve high-pressure assemblages are modally diverse...of eclogite / high
pressure granulite-bearing Silverstreet...granulite blocks. DEEP IN THE HEART OF DIXIE...garnet
represents high pressure granulite facies...grains exhibit a sh
http://www.usca.edu/biogeo/Faculty/Dennis/JMG_ShervDenn2003.pdf
45%
568. Detecting deeply subducted crust from the elasticity of hollandite

Nov 2009 - ...subducted crust from the elasticity...basalt to the deep mantle has...signature of
ocean island basalts...At high pressure such a lithology...to a high pressure monoclinic...with an
increase in shear modulus...behavior at high pressure, with
http://www.users.bgi.uni-bayreuth.de/~g_steinle/refs/EPSL_288_349.pdf
45%
569. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2004.03.008
Nov 2004 - ...through the aging crust is driven by heat conducted to the crust from the man-
tle...the MOR flanks and ocean basins is far less intense...Ridge, for example, increase from ~1.7
?C near...active exchange of ocean bottom recharge waters,
http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~meech/a740/2004/fall/papers/ResMicrobio04.pdf
45%

Deep parts of the earth are also studied indirectly, however, largely through the branch ... high
average heat flow under the ocean crust may be due to hot mantle ...
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~engelder/geosc20/lect07.html
45%
571. MTS1
Jan 2005 - ...full depth of the ocean (11,000 meters...including options for pressure housings and
buoyancy...tethers and ceramic pressure housings for 11...Existing U.S. deep submergence
vehicle...and sampling mid-ocean ridge volcanic processes...conventi
http://robotics.me.jhu.edu/~llw/ps/MTS_HROV_Paper_2004.pdf
45%
572. myLot - tsunami worries!!!!

Tsunami From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is ...
Typical ocean surface waves in deep water cause water motion to a depth equal to ...
http://www.mylot.com/w/discussions/508734.aspx
45%
573. newsnote
Apr 2009 - ...influx of relatively warm ocean waters from the southern...sensitive to changes in
ocean conditions and that...melting caused by an increase of only 0.1º Celsius in ocean
temperature. The glaciers...changes, along with some deep-rooted ecolo
http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/oct98/newsnotes.html
45%
574. NOAA/PMEL is a leader in developing ocean observational systems

Feb 2009 - ...with microorganisms from deep sea vent systems. (SG...Hammond) Purpose:
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents...exists within the oceanic crust, little is known about...life within the
oceanic crust, using diffuse fluids...term measurements of ocean cu
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/home/accomp/opplan00.html
45%
575. Ohmori 5ICG-03(03/12/2)

Jun 2008 - ...several types of ocean basalts in...C and the pressure of 8–10...The most deep
magmatic...tropical Atlantic Ocean’s rift zone...earth’s crust accretion...volcanism, an increase in the
thickness...stands for ocean depth, and...the earth
http://gidimap.giub.uni-bonn.de:9080/geomorph/themen/docs-themen/evolution-of-the-ocean-floo
r
45%
576. Study Guide for Exam 3, Spring 2002

Pressure increases with increasing depth as a consequence of the mass of overlying rocks. ... Rocks
deep in the asthenosphere are very hot and under extreme pressure. ...
http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/study3s02.htm
45%
577. 1529-6466/00/0047-0008$10.00 Noble Gas Isotope Geochemistry of...
Nov 2005 - ...context, mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts provide...lithosphere and crust.
Mid-ocean ridge basalts...boundary layer in the deep mantle (e.g...elevated hydrostatic pressure),
providing...a factor of 3 increase with the addition...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~david/Publications/Graham2002.pdf
44%
578. A new high-pressure form of KAlSi

pressure phase (hollandite II) at $22 GPa upon increasing. pressure at room temperature. ... crust,
parts of which are believed to be. transported deep into ...
http://merkel.zoneo.net/Biblio/sueda2004GRL.pdf
44%
579. Danielle's Garden Service 1

The crust and upper mantle can be differentiated into two zones which are ... topographic features
such as the deep ocean basins and trenches can also be ...
http://www.daniellesgarden.org/dw-earth.htm
44%
580. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Mar 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
44%
581. Microsoft Word - 1Oceanote-2010.doc

Jan 2010 - ...if have sufficient pressure, they will be pushed...both temperature and pressure
increase, but at different rates...at each discontinuity Crust - except for local pockets...rocks, the
influence of pressure exceeds that of temperature...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/2010/1Oceanote_2010.pdf
44%
582. Microsoft Word - Oceanography Review Test Section 1.doc

Jan 2005 - ...deepest part of the ocean, but grow more...than small ones in deep the ocean. 7.
Compensation...temperature and pressure. 8. If direction...land. 12. The crust is the thinnest
and...mainly form in the deep ocean basin. 18. The...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/Oceanography_Review_Tests_1.pdf
44%
583. Online Quiz

1) Which measuring tools and units could be used to measure the area ... deeper into the Earth's
interior, what happens to the pressure and temperature? ...
http://205.174.118.254/tms/cgi-bin/soltests/science_level_5.html
44%
584. Planet Earth for Kids

This comprises the continents and ocean basins. The crust has a variable thickness, being ...
pressure it is under. As there is intense and increasing pressure as ...
http://hubpages.com/hub/Planet-Earth-for-Kids
44%
585. Volcanoes - Earth - Extreme Earth - Discovery Channel

Deep inside the Earth, between the molten iron core and the thin crust on the ... Alternatively,
pressure can increase within the magma chamber inside the volcano. ...
http://www.yourdiscovery.com/earth/earth/volcano/index.shtml
44%
586. 3
Nov 2001 - ...the Earth s crust, and the rate...temperatures. An increase in the
temperature...pressures in the crust these magmas...and/or high pressure may develop in the crust
and these cause...consequent on deep burial within...troughs the ocean floor
http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/geog/teaching/environ/text/sect3-5.htm
43%
587. Algae
Algae are a diverse group of simple, plantlike organisms. Algae are the most important
photosynthesizing ... zones of temperate to polar seas, but some exist in the deep ocean. ...
http://www.tuberose.com/Algae.html
43%
588. Chapter 1 - The Ocean as a Habitat

Jan 2005 - ...Chapter 1 The Ocean as a Habitat...gravity, pressure, and heat...Continental crust and
oceanic...primitive ocean E. Ocean...Charting the Deep: A History...ocean? How deep is it...Role of
the ocean in moderating...F. Water pressure 1. Increase
http://www.westminster.edu/staff/athrock/MarineBiology/Outlines/Chapter01.pdf
43%
589. Chapter 4 (Ign. Rx.)

Pressure - Increasing pressure increases the melting point of rocks. ... Hydrothermal veins -
circulation of sea water through hot, new oceanic crust. ...
http://www.geol.lsu.edu/jnunn/1002.1/IgneousRocks.html
43%
590. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Oct 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
43%
591. Interior of the Earth

Lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle, 0-100 km deep), cool, rigid, brittle ... ( This is because
pressure and density increase with depth in the Earth) ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/earthinterior.html
43%
592. Ocean properties

After the winter solstice, the incoming radiation is undeniably increasing. ... how sound reflects off
deep water layers, the pressure effect is relevant, but ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/oceans2.htm
43%
593. Outlines of GLY 2030 topics for review

Mar 2009 - ...Magma intruded deep in the crust, and cools slowly...in 3 places: Ocean ridges,
Subduction...where the calm, deep basins are...undergoes different pressure-temperature...the
Earth's crust. Earthquakes...are faults. Ocean ridges undergo...
http://www.cas.usf.edu/~jryan/2030reviewoutline.html
43%
594. PART FIVE RIFTS, RAFTS AND BASINS

increase heat; increase pressure; add motions; introduce electric ... ocean crust is more basic or
less acid than the continental crust. indicates that it ...
http://www.grazian-archive.com/quantavolution/QUANTAVOL/lte_docs/lte_5.pdf
43%
595. Pratt
In fact the density of the crust beneath the mountains must be less than that ... the pressure on
the ocean-bed would be increased, and the crust, so long ...
http://tigger.uic.edu/~rdemar/geol107/pratt.htm
43%
596. Environmental growth condition

... hydrothermal vents deep beneath the Atlantic Ocean, are packed with ... Increasing pressure
causes acidification of the central vacuole in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at ...
http://focosi.altervista.org/growthconditions.html
42%
597. Further reading - New Scientist

But where the seas are especially deep, the pressure of the water above means that ... ocean floor
and the continental crust collide, the denser ocean crust ...
http://www.science.org.au/nova/newscientist/027ns_001.htm
42%
598. HOFER, MARKUS, FRANK PEETERS, WERNER AESCHBACH-HERTIG, MATTHIAS

BRENNWALD, JOHANNES HOLOCHER, DAVID M. LIVINGSTONE, VLADIMIR ...
Jul 2004 - ...an estimate of the deep-water residence...for the continental crust (Mamyrin and
Tolstikhin...at the atmospheric pressure prevailing at the...interplay between deep-water mixing
and...3 H-3 He ages increase with depth (Fig...3 He ages in the
http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_47/issue_4/1210.pdf
42%
599. Indonesian Tsunami Probably Tripped by Exxon-Mobil Works

One cubic mile of natural gas extracted every four years at epicenter Aceh facility presents a
probable man-made factor in 9.0 earthquake with accompanying tsunami ...
http://pesn.com/2005/01/25/6900062_Exxon_Tripped_Indonesian_Tsunami/
42%
600. Microsoft Word - Chp.04.Env aÉ

b. Deep Ocean Currents. Near the poles, surface water get dense enough to sink and flow ... base
of the slope is the transition from continental to oceanic crust. ...
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jdwright/Chap.04.pdf
42%
601. Multimedia Content | Carnegie Institution for Science

Exploring Planets in Distant Space and Deep Interiors. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 2009. Decisive ...
High Pressure Yields Novel Single-Element Compound' TUESDAY, FEBRUARY ...
http://carnegiescience.edu/multimedia_content
42%
602. Science Explained, explains the Montserrat volcano and other ...
sciexvol counter for science/mvolcano.html ... a phreatic explosion is caused by the huge increase
in pressure that occurs in the ground as the molten rock ...
http://www.synapses.co.uk/science/mvolcano.html
42%
603. The Inside of Earth: Deep-Earth Science from the Top Down
Apr 2008 - ...completely covered by ocean. Now, continents...escape through an ocean basin.
Seismologists...the age of the ocean floor (white lines...survive today, deep inside Earth,
or...expanding Earth: new crust was clearly being...such tremendous pres
http://eands.caltech.edu/articles/Anderson Feature.pdf
42%
604. WC&PRURC 1997 Funded Research

Mar 2009 - ...species can be directly related to increase in soft tissue biomass. The one...quantify
the input of these autotrophic deep-sea communities to the surrounding...slide sites. Both
objectives will increase our understanding of subduction process
http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/1997funded.html
42%
605. C:\Courses\101\fall08\Exams\Exam 2 Review\Exam2.wpd

Sep 2009 - ...with high-pressure? Multiple...the Atlantic Ocean c. a 4...through the deep parts of
the crust b. convection...through the crust and mantle...through the crust, mantle and...about a
low pressure zone? a...temperature increase as you go...d. o
http://www.und.edu/instruct/mineral/101intro/oldexams/Exf08-2.pdf
41%
606. Geological Data Center at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Jun 2010 - ...region of anomalously thin crust and anomalously deep water. This leg will
entail...distance of 500 km using Ocean Botton Seismoters.in crust and anomalously deep water.
Cruise will strongly...2008 cruises for US Global Ocean Carbon and Repea
http://gdc.ucsd.edu/index.php?page=0089&table=cruise_info&field=cruise_narrative
41%
607. Geology Circle

In the deep ocean trenches a plate's edge dives into the mantle where it is reabsorbed. ... slight
decrease in pressure or a slight increase in temperature will ...
http://www.frontiernet.net/~docbob/geology.htm
41%
608. HOFER, MARKUS, FRANK PEETERS, WERNER AESCHBACH-HERTIG, MATTHIAS

BRENNWALD, JOHANNES HOLOCHER, DAVID M. LIVINGSTONE, VLADIMIR ...
Apr 2006 - ...an estimate of the deep-water residence...for the continental crust (Mamyrin and
Tolstikhin...at the atmospheric pressure prevailing at the...interplay between deep-water mixing
and...3 H-3 He ages increase with depth (Fig...3 He ages in the
http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/aquasys/WAH/publications/papers/Hof
er_02_LO.pdf
41%
609. IODP Borehole Observatory Installations at Expedition 306 ...

deep ventilator of the world ocean, and it is now recognized. that deep-water production ...
thermal regime of the oceanic crust and sediment reflects ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~rob/28_Harris_etal_SD06.pdf
41%
610. Island Bay Marine Education Centre

Over deep ocean canyons the sea surface dips because of the local gravity, ... The pressure at the
deepest point in the ocean is more than 11,318 tons/sq m, or ...
http://www.octopus.org.nz/oceanfacts.html
41%
611. JESEI
A hole in the Earth's crust, produced by drilling from a rig. Cement ... linear ridge, often 4 km or so
above the general level of the deep ocean floor. ...
http://www.rsc.org/education/teachers/learnnet/jesei/ecofoot/index.htm
41%

May 2009 - ...either side of a mid-ocean ridge, plate tectonics...power. Study of the deep ocean
floor was critical...theory the field of deep sea marine geology...core, mantle, and crust. The
lithosphere...its temperature, pressure and shear strength...
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/link-suggestion/wpcd_2008-09_augmented/wp/p/Plate_tectonics.h
tm
41%
613. Plate tectonics: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Apr 2009 - ...core, mantle, and crust. The lithosphere contains both crust and some mantle. A...on
its temperature, pressure and shear strength...pieces of the Earth's Crust and uppermost
mantle...range of the Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean that...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Plate_tectonics
41%
614. Teaching Paleontology

Dec 1999 - ...prove to be contradictory. It has been said that the National Parks are being “loved to
death”, with the tremendous increase in visitation undermining the very values that the parks were
created to preserve. Education has been shown to be
http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/education/teaching_paleo.pdf
41%
615. #Delaney1rev1
Dec 2005 - ...of the oceanic crust has formed through...cracks within deep, volcanically...life forms.
The ocean basins cover nearly...km of oceanic crust formed through...All mid-ocean ridge magmas
are...melt-volatile pressure may result in fracturing...o
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/oc410/2005/Delaney.pdf
40%
616. 12.23.2009 - Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas ...
Water under very high pressure essentially lubricates the rock, ... and moon on the crust and with
the effects of ocean tides, which are driven by the moon. ...
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/12/23_Parkfieldtremors.shtml
40%
617. A 50 Year comparison of ambient ocean noise near San Clemente Island:...
Nov 2008 - ...water noise increase at the study...approximately 15 dB deep-water noise increase
over the study...tween relatively deep troughs greater...where full ocean depths 4000...continental
crust creates a broad...2005–2006 pressure spectra that...
http://cetus.ucsd.edu/Publications/Publications/McDonaldJASA2008.pdf
40%
618. GG101 Mountain Building

The deep water sediments were the first to be deformed. The rocks ... mantle and subducting
ocean floor rise up into the crust to cool and harden ...
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/distance/gg101/Programs/program8%20MountainBuilding/program8.ht
ml
40%
619. Journals — Welcome to ChemWeb

May 2009 - ...explain as well the increase of crustal isotopic...terrestrial magma ocean by Ph.
Kegler...based on the pressure dependence of...consequence the pressure dependences of K...over
the entire pressure range. Fits based...single stage magma ocean
http://www.chemweb.com/journals/journals?type=issue&jid=0012821X&iid=02680001
40%
620. Science - Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas Fault
Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas FaultLink to earthquakes unclear, but tremors
seem to increase stress on shallower fracture zoneThe faint tug of the ...
http://www.newsguide.us/education/science/Sun-and-moon-trigger-deep-tremors-on-San-Andreas-
Fault/
40%
621. untitled1.html
increase in sedimentary thickness will cause a depositional basin to subside ... causes the crust to
sink thereby keeping the depositional basin deep longer. ...
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Geo/Geo101/gravity.html
40%
622. 1 The carbon cycle and carbon sequestration

pressure as human population continues to increase. So, what about ... No more than 10% is
estimated to sink to the deep ocean where residence times ...
http://abacus.bates.edu/~raustin/FluxFlow/CH5lecture1.pdf
39%
623. DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT

Nov 1998 - ...Srivastava) 7.1 Drilling Deep holes. SSP concerns 7...the next Guide to the Ocean
Drilling Program. 3...order to install broadband ocean seismometers. All required...data set is
complete. Deep penetration MCS data would...interpretation of th
http://www.earth.rochester.edu/issep/restrict/sspaug98.html
39%
624. Geological Society - If not plumes, what?

Nov 2009 - ...continents rift and ocean basins open...and up with a deep mantle plume...of
subducted ocean crust in the form...at any given pressure will begin...narrow closing ocean basins
and...fused basaltic crust will add to...can come from deep mantle
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/views/debates/plumesdebate/page2469.html
39%
625. landform_qa
These are constructed on the deep ocean floor, far from the plate boundaries, ... The Earth crust is
perceived broken into a series of plates which are ...
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/geo/AL/core/landform/landform_qa/index.html
39%
626. Landforms
Beneath the oceans, the crust varies little in thickness, generally extending ... because temperature
and pressure inside the Earth increase with depth. ...
http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/landforms.htm
39%
627. Lithos Report 2000 Final FINAL

Nov 2001 - ...modulus in the crust, and becomes...seafloor under a pressure signal...deformation
under ocean wave forcing...for a 25% increase (dotted line) and 25% increase (dashed...under the
pressure forcing...seafloor in the deep ocean and the...
http://lithos.esc.cam.ac.uk/report00/pdf/CRAWFORD_Lithos_2000.pdf
39%
628. Microsoft Word - EL124jun2005.DOC

Jun 2006 - ...Coriolos Force Pressure Gradient...effect will an increase in water vapour...Altitude
Effects of ocean currents Organic...compositions of ocean crust and continental...stripes in the
ocean crust subduction...origin of life at deep ocean hydro
http://www2.glos.ac.uk/offload/subjectsandcourses/undergraduatefields/el1/exam/el124/jun2005.p
df
39%
629. ORNL Review Vol. 34, No. 2, 2001

Water (H2O) in fluids deep within the earth has a stable isotope ... that increasing pressure
sometimes has more impact than increasing temperature ...
http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v34_2_01/geochemical.htm
39%
630. Rick_Journal
May 2009 - ...Now, at last, we are here on the open ocean (so blue!) "mowing the lawn" as
Dr...Every 15 minutes we take a reading of the ocean's depth (so far it has generally
been...amazingly) accurate pictures of the ocean floor. I think there is a link
http://ftp.utdallas.edu/scimathed/resources/Melville/Rick_Journal.html
39%
631. Subduction
Continental crust tends to override oceanic crust because it consists of less ... surface and deep
mantle reservoirs, producing island arcs and continental crust. ...
http://www.medbib.com/Subduction
39%
632. Tremors on San Andreas fault

Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas fault ... and moon on the crust and with the
effects of ocean tides, which are driven by the moon. ...
http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/10011213.htm
39%
633. Atlantis Rising: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Ewing observed that deep ocean basins never have thick sediments-which are the ... ridge that
exposes a relatively undisturbed section of uplifted ocean crust. ...
http://forums.atlantisrising.com/cgi-bin/ubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=print_topic;f=15;t=000581
38%
634. CANGANELLA DOCUMENTO

Jun 2005 - ...the basaltic crust becomes permeable due...the basaltic crust. Seafloor
temperatures...smoker on the deep bottom of the ocean is one of the...subsurface of the ocean
bottom by the...metabolic data on deep-sea vent bacterial...the extreme pres
http://www.annmicro.unimi.it/full/51/canganella_51_11.pdf
38%
635. Copyright 2002 Scienti?c American, Inc.

cess initiated by a contemporaneous increase in global volcanic ... deep ocean would not generate.
shocked quartz, because quartz is rare in ocean crust. Nor ...
http://beckerantarctica.crustal.ucsb.edu/downloads/blows.pdf
38%
636. GEL 111 Lecture Modules

Consider this diagram showing the crust above three convection currents. ... to increasing
temperature and pressure. The greater the temperature and pressure that ...
http://oit.vgcc.edu/gel111/lecture%20modules.htm
38%
637. Island Bay Marine Education Centre

Scientists exploring a deep ocean basin in search of species isolated for ... deep within ocean
sediments, in hot ocean crust crevices, in frozen polar soils, ...
http://www.octopus.org.nz/news5.html
38%
638. RealClimate: The debate is just beginning — on the Cretaceous!

May 2010 - ...independent temperature proxy for the deep ocean, but the investigators assumed (a
bit questionably) that deep ocean temperature did not change much over...period. Be that as it
may, the deep ocean oxygen isotope shift (uncorrected...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/the-debate-is-just-beginning-on-the-cretac
eous/langswitch_lang/bu
38%
639. RealClimate: The debate is just beginning — on the Cretaceous!

Jul 2010 - ...independent temperature proxy for the deep ocean, but the investigators assumed (a
bit questionably) that deep ocean temperature did not change much over...period. Be that as it
may, the deep ocean oxygen isotope shift (uncorrected...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/the-debate-is-just-beginning-on-the-cretac
eous/langswitch_lang/fr
38%
640. Review of dynamicsEkman layer dynamicsRegional ...

Pressure at a point in the ocean is determined by the weight of the water above ... In most of the
deep ocean, currents can be regarded as frictionless and ...
http://oceanografia.cicese.mx/cursos/sco/chapter01.html
38%
641. Volcanoes
the Thrown up volcano throws out lumps of the heated lava, arranging colourful fireworks. ...
aspiring to be pulled out, gradually increase pressure and, at last, push out it on ...
http://www.myplanet-earth.com/en/volcanos.html
38%
642. What's Up With Volcanoes Under Arctic Sea Ice - Dot Earth ...
Scientists say there's no volcanic connection to North Pole ice retreats. ... Ridge, a lengthy crack in
the ocean crust where two rocky plates are spreading ...
http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/01/whats-up-with-volcanoes-under-arctic-sea-ice/
38%
643. www.auburn.edu/~leeming/earthq.html
Tsunami - large tidal waves (> 10 m height) in ocean, occurs as ocean water is ... the earth crust.
construction of a dam will increase water pressure and activate faults ...
http://www.auburn.edu/~leeming/earthq.html
38%
644. Chloritoid-Bearing Mineral Assemblages in High-Pressure Metapelites from the Bughea

Complex, Leaota Massif (South Carpathians) .
Jun 2010 - ...a retrogressed very high-pressure (VHP, as defined by Liou...lenses embedded in a
medium-pressure semipelitic matrix...composition and calculated peak pressure, which consistently
place in the...which display mainly mid-ocean ridge basalt (MO
http://intl-petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/egn075v1
37%
645. Earthquakes, Volcanoes,

The solid crust of the Earth—including both. the continents and the ocean basins—con ...
characterized by deep-ocean trenches, shallow. to deep earthquakes, and mountain ranges ...
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/nsfmod/NaturesFury.pdf
37%
646. Geological Society - If not plumes, what?

May 2010 - ...continents rift and ocean basins open...and up with a deep mantle plume...of
subducted ocean crust in the form...at any given pressure will begin...narrow closing ocean basins
and...fused basaltic crust will add to...can come from deep mantle
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/site/GSL/lang/en/page5315.html
37%
647. Glossary M
... layers by phase changes that are caused by the increase in pressure with depth. ... between
crust and mantle, at a depth of 5 to 45 km, marked by a rapid increase in seismic ...
http://www.whfreeman.com/presssiever/content/glossary/glossarym.html
37%
648. Nautilus Cares

The crust consists of rocky material that is less dense than the rocks of the ... up the continental
crust, and the crust beneath the oceans is the oceanic crust. ...
http://www.cares.nautilusminerals.com/TermsA_E.aspx
37%
649. PERMANENT - Asteroids Near Earth - Earth Impact

A small but increasing number of astronomers interested in asteroids began to ... it slows down,
and the water of the deep ocean wave behind it piles up on top to ...
http://www.permanent.com/a-impact.htm
37%
650. Published in Geophysical Research Letters
May 2010 - ...ocean bottom pressure anomalies from...F15 SSM/I ocean retrievals Geophys...for
onset of deep convection and...in the Arctic Ocean in spring and...water content increase Geophys.
Res...Mediterranean deep water renewal...observed and ocean gen
http://kosmos.agu.org/contents/journals/ViewJournalContents.do?journalCode=GL&viewBy=date&
year=2008&month=Sep
37%
651. Science Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework

physical characteristics of ocean water, and the ecological ... Pressure and temperature increase
with depth beneath the. surface. In order to meet this ...
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/frameworks/science_framewks/framework_science5.pdf
37%
652. 2005–06 Academic Year Distinguished Lecturer Series

integrated picture of dynamic deep-ocean systems where mass and energy transfer ... our
experience shows that deep-ocean ridge science, with its mysterious black ...
http://www.ridge2000.org/science/downloads/outreach/dls/R2KDLS05_06.pdf
36%
653. Acadia National Park - Flow: Marine Waters - Atlantic - US ...

Acadia National Park - Flow: Marine Waters - Atlantic | Explore and Discover Your Parks | Your
complete guide to Acadia National Park - Flow: Marine Waters - Atlantic ...
http://www.us-parks.com/acadia-national-park/flow-atlantic.html
36%
654. Acid Oceans: The 'Evil Twin' Of Climate Change

Ocean acidity could increase 150 percent just by mid-century, according to the ... that increase the
CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and reduce both seawater pH and the ...
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/18/acid-oceans-the-evil-twin_n_396846.html
36%
655. Earth-Pages Archive News, Geochemistry

... ocean floor produced by uplift that the collision of a plume head with deep crust would ...
oceanic crust formation, and such depleted, high-pressure peridotite residues formed ...
http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/Geochemistry.asp
36%
656. Geo1_Lec7_MetRocks.html
Pressure-We already know that the pressure in the Earth increases with depth in ... the deep end
of a swimming pool you can feel the increase of pressure. ...
http://geosun.sjsu.edu/~jmiller/Geo1_Lec7_MetRocks.html
36%
657. Mantle (geology)

The mantle differs substantially from the crust in its mechanical characteristics and its ... crust and
mantle) and the increase in temperature and pressure as one ...
http://www.medbib.com/Mantle_(geology)
36%
658. Saudi Aramco World : The Secrets Of Inner Space

At last, man hopes to learn as much about what goes on underfoot as he knows about what goes
on overhead. ... From an ocean site where the crust is but three to five miles thick, ...
http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196306/the.secrets.of.inner.space.htm
36%
659. This Dynamic Earth

Jul 2008 - ...through the ocean floor, but...through the ocean floor without...evidence from ocean
floor exploration...main layers: crust, mantle, and...crust can be as deep as 100 km...temperature
and pressure inside the Earth increase with depth...
http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/bkonter/education/Lab4_ThisDynamicEarth.pdf
36%
660. 80005 367..373

Oct 2003 - ...that cuts across the crust, penetrating deep into the mantle...across the entire ocean
trench slope, promoting...hydration of the cold crust and upper mantle surrounding these deep
active faults. The...by increased pore pressure during dehydr
http://szseminar.asu.edu/readings/Nature_Ranero_2003.pdf
35%
661. aurora borealis: European Science Foundation

Jan 2010 - ...Subscribe RSS Text: Increase / Decrease Print...From pack ice to ocean crust Aurora
Borealis...metres into the ocean floor far below...withstand the pressure of floes more...metres into
the ocean floor, there isn...the poles. So deep in the s
http://www.esf.org/about-us/esf-at-a-glance/aurora-borealis.html
35%
662. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0172
Jan 2009 - ...extrapolations from lower pressure–temperature...liquids under high pressure–
temperature...Earth (e.g. deep magma oceans...Earth’s crust...melting at mid-ocean ridges.
Mineral...the oceanic crust and the...Earth’s deep mantle...in la
http://geoweb.princeton.edu/research/MineralPhy/2008/duffy_trsl_08.pdf
35%
663. EARTH QUACKE

Faults are cracks in Earth's crust where rocks on either side of the ... or deep below the
crust—between 70 and 700 km (40 and 400 mi) deep—a deep-focus ...
http://www.angelfire.com/ky3/abeer/earth_quacke.htm
35%
664. Evolution of Man Scientifically Disproved

We have a right to increase the pressure of the argument, by introducing into ... The properties of
the ocean are so beautifully adjusted to life that we marvel ...
http://www.ldolphin.org/wmwilliams.html
35%
665. Georgia Tech > EAS 2600 > Lecture+16+Ocean+Floor (2008-10-22 ...
stallite pictures of the Atlantic ocean floor with bodies ... Deep-Ocean Basins (half the Earth's
surface) What are some features of the. deep-ocean ...
http://www.coursehero.com/file/245587/Lecture16OceanFloor/
35%
666. lecture2
... to open a new ocean basin or alternatively, to move crust on one side of the ... Gradual,
symmetric increase in seafloor depth away from mid-ocean ridges. ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/pl_tectonics.html
35%
667. Lesson Plans

... chance to see the different kinds of submersibles used in deep ocean exploration ... What role
do temperature and pressure have in the creation of deep sea vents? ...
http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/ntti/resources/lessons/s_dive/b.html
35%
668. Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on early Earth

Dec 2009 - ...subducted in deep-sea sediments or in altered ocean crust (AOC) can...from a fixed
pressure profile, corresponding...lines), so no pressure/lapse rate...oceanic crust (0.4 ×
108...higher when the deep ocean was anoxic and...
http://envam1.env.uea.ac.uk/goldblattetal2009.pdf
35%
669. Opportunities and Priorities in Arctic Geoscience

May 2010 - ...reconstructions of the Arctic Ocean Basin and its environs...seek to determine the
deep crustal structure of the...through the acquisition of deep (crustal) seismic
refraction...oceanography of the Arctic Ocean Basin through geologic...sliver
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1842&page=19
35%
670. The peak oil debate | Energy Bulletin

... oil resources are often found deep below the earth's surface, making ... gas or water into the
reservoir to increase the pressure or by heating the oil or injecting chemicals ...
http://www.energybulletin.net/node/49408
35%
671. 9. More on Plate Tectonics, subduction zones, earthquakes ...

Deep ocean off-shore trenches are formed and parallel mountain chains with ... Also at mid-ocean
ridges, the new crust movement can trigger earthquakes, see (2) ...
http://www.docbrown.info/page21/GeoChangesANS09.htm
34%
672. Call to Decision

OCEAN KILLER - FLOW PRESSURE TOO GREAT FOR CONTAINMENT - Let us ask ... the water,
under the intense pressure at 1 mile deep, to be forced into the hole ...
http://www.calltodecision.com/okfp.htm
34%
673. Earth Science Notes

Crust. Ocean. Continent. Mantle. Core. Physical Properties. Lithosphere ... rocks; form deep in
surface under influence of heat, pressure, and chemically active ...
http://www.hccfl.edu/media/88148/esc1001notes.doc
34%
674. Microsoft Word - Reddicks_ConnectionintheDeep.doc

Jan 2010 - ...relationships between the deep oceans and music...Connections in the Deep, Grade 6
2 b. “Apostrophe to the Ocean” [from Childe Harold...involving percent increase and decrease...the
earth b. Crust movements c. Evidence...Connections in th
http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mimik_uploads/lesson_plans/934/Connections in the Deep
The Last Unexplored.pdf
34%

sediment in the ocean basins, the topographic features of the sea floor, and the ... with active
volcanism and the development of deep-ocean trenches. ...
http://www.mhest.com/spotlight/earthquakes/articles/PlateTectonics.pdf
34%
676. TeacherÕs Guide Final

Build the Ocean Floor" In Dive to the Deep Ocean; Voyages of exploration and ... s Do you think an
increase in pressure with depth poses a problem for ...
http://naturalsciences.org/files/documents/edguide.pdf
34%
677. Terraforming Venus

Increasing the planet's albedo by deploying light color or reflective material ... to those found in
hotsprings or deep ocean vents which are able to survive harsh ...
http://terraformers.org/Terraforming-Venus
34%
678. The Scientific Case for Creation

... an event which also formed deep ocean trenches, most of the earth's mountains, ... which
requires new abilities and increasing complexity, that is at the center ...
http://www.sound-doctrine.net/scc.html
34%
679. .
Dec 2009 - ...of the Arctic Ocean. Such violent...possible at great ocean depths because...intense
weight and pressure of water and because...assumed' such deep water volcanoes...Much of the
ocean floor remains...upper oceanic crust. In the process...s a v
http://www.trufax.org/issues/climate.html
33%
680. Amphibole "sponge" in arc crust?

Pressure-temperature-time paths followed by arc magmas ascending through the litho ... mas in
the mid-deep crust is open-system and. the geochemical ...
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/DavidsonGeol07.pdf
33%
681. Brown's Hydroplate Theory | Ages of Time| Scripture & Science| Reformation
International College
Jun 2009 - ...now the Atlantic Ocean, in the position shown in Figure...waters of the deep” that
burst open...theory is that the pressure in the layer of...Earth — on the ocean floor. It is
formed...plunging downward into deep sea regions. The...that t
http://www.reformation.edu/scripture-science-stott/ages/pages/05-hydroplate-theory.htm
33%
682. Chapter 3
Dec 2009 - ...suggested strategy for ocean sequestration of CO2...CO2 lake” on the ocean floor. To
investigate...performed a series of deep ocean experiments for the...3650 m, where the pressure is
~36 MPa and the...observed a rapid increase in the volum
http://www.fe.doe.gov/sequestration/publications/1999_rdreport/chap3.pdf
33%
683. Dreams, Future Visions, Out of Body Experiences: The ...
... mid-ocean rift where new magma comes up and forms new ocean crust. But one deep quake, ...
under the conditions of extreme pressure, efficient separation, and just a large ...
http://www.eskimo.com/~nanook/dreams/2006/12/beginning-earth-mechanism.html
33%
684. Gaia Hyopothesis

Dec 2008 - ...decrease in atmospheric pressure would have to have occurred...at a point wher the
pressure has dropped by 10 percent...sea level (as in a deep depression at the Dead...temperature.
A 10 percent increase in atmospheri pressure corresponds to
http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/extra/lovelock/gaia.htm
33%
685. LESSON 14 – USING EARTHQUAKES

OCEANIC CRUST IS APROXIMATELY 5 TO 10 KM THICK AND LIES BENEATH OCEAN WATERS. ...
AS IT GOES DEEPER INTO THE EARTH, BOTH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INCREASE. ...
http://www.mustangps.org/~dobbsc/lesson14background.htm
33%
686. Ocean-115
Exploring the deep ocean floor: challenges and solutions. The deep ocean floor: oceanic ... Imaging
Earth's Crust in the Ocean Volcanoes. Global Sea Level: An Enigma Tracking ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/oceanography-115.htm
33%
687. Taylor_OHO.doc
Aug 2006 - ...and ophiolites, identified as oceanic crust. 115-121 Work with R. Coleman on
blueschists...Ophiolite. Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust. G. Wasserburg work on Taylor–iv
http...hydrogen-isotope distribution in the oceanic crust. Compa
http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/121/01/Taylor_OHO.pdf
33%
688. 4. Building of a Habitable Planet HERVE´ MARTIN Laboratoire Magmas et...

Jan 2007 - ...terrestrial ocean. Consequently...temperature increase of worth...boundary layer,
deep heat will only...and a basaltic crust. We can think...rise to a magma ocean. 4.1.3. THE
CHRONOMETERS...existence of a magma ocean (see below...mantle mantl
http://we.vub.ac.be/~dglg/Web/Claeys/Pubs/Martin-etal-06a.pdf
32%
689. 972 nent of emissions from steel mills and vehicle exhaust, primary...
Aug 2006 - ...View from the deep-submergence vehicle...hydrothermal vent on the ocean floor.
Known as a...the Earth’s crust, at a temperature of 365°C. Deep-sea vents provide...temperature
and pressure conditions...rocks and in aging ocean-floor de- p
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/Secret/Hydrocarbons from Vents.pdf
32%
690. Abstract
Because the sea-floor in the deep ocean can vary widely from low rigidity mud to ... that the
pressure divided by the displacement would increase linearly with ...
http://faculty.washington.edu/blewis/papers/noise/paper.html
32%
691. Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Potential Environmental Impacts
from the atmosphere to the deep ocean which is currently estimated ... low biomass) microflora
exists in the ocean basin crust consisting of or ...
http://www.mundi.com/ccs02-07.pdf
32%
692. Earth Science Literacy Initiative Draft Document (Version 16)

"feedbacks" that can increase or decrease the original changes and can be unpredictable ...
seafloor vents where hot fluids escape from the ocean crust. ...
http://www.earthscienceliteracy.org/esli_big_ideas_v16.pdf
32%
693. EARTH Sciences - by Gary Novak

Ice age cycles explain climate changes when viewed from a model of oceans heating due to ...
2,000 meters deep. Is it a sign of a fundamental change in deep-ocean circulation? ...
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gnovak.htm
32%
694. Geosphere Background

Mar 2009 - ...liquid, and pressure dominates in...350 kilometers deep which is
approximately...solid. The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and...100 kilometers
deep to the base of the crust, is 100% solid...material for new ocean crust at sp
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/background/
32%
695. Gulf oil catastrophe: a moral test for all // Current

Actually, there is nothing more that I can say about the news of this environmental ... One degree
increase in the ocean temperature can change the ocean currents dramatically ...
http://current.com/green/92431658_gulf-oil-catastrophe-a-moral-test-for-all.htm
32%
696. ii_April21_NOADS.indd
Apr 2005 - InsideIllinois April 21, 2005 Vol. 24, No. 19 In This Issue Staff honors Eight staff
members are honored with the prestigious Chancellor’s Distinguished Staff Award.
http://news.illinois.edu/ii/05/0421/0421.pdf
32%
697. IODP Logging Summary

Jun 2010 - ...into the oceanic crust of Hole 1256D...shown. Integrated Ocean Drilling
Program...initiated during Ocean Drilling Program...drilled into 15 Ma crust that formed
at...Temperature Acceleration Pressure (TAP) combine...LLD: LateroLog Deep, LLS:
http://brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/data/iodp-usio/iodp-usio-log_sum/exp309_312/309_312.index.html
32%
698. Microsoft Word - Earth Science Remediation.doc

Nov 2008 - ...thicknesses, the pressure acting on the sediment...under the stress of pressure, or is
exposed...other landmasses, ocean crust has been created...The reduction of pressure upon the
body of...accelerated by the increase in surface area...
http://eagles.midway.edu/ted/Remediation/PraxisII/documents/Science/EarthScienceRemediation.p
df
32%
699. Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

8. An increase in discharge results in an increase in velocity (discharge ... in the deep-ocean
trenches where slabs of oceanic crust are descending into ...
http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/DLoehr/ES%20homework.pdf
32%
700. Pacific Ocean — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts

body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and
lying between the continents of Asia and Australia on the west and ...
http://www.history.com/topics/pacific-ocean
32%
701. THE LATELY TORTURED EARTH: PART IV: CRUSTAL TURBULENCE: 17 ...
The deep ocean ridges of today still supply lava for paving the ... energy helps heat up the boilers
and increase the pressure, while tidal stresses weaken and break the seals. ...
http://www.grazian-archive.com/quantavolution/vol_04/lately_tortured_earth_17.htm
32%
702. The Tectonic Rock Cycle A Plate Tectonic Primer, and The Wilson Cycle
Jan 2009 - ...and closing of ocean basins 5 The...Temperature Pressure Chemical
composition...compositions Increase the diversity...the increased pressure. 9 Structure...Mantle
Below the crust and above the...70-100 km deep Consists of the crust and the up
http://homepages.wmich.edu/~hpetcovic/downloads/GEOS 3010/MAR_2.ppt
32%
703. Volcano News

Noting volcanic activity and eruptions form around the world. From the European Volcanological
Society. ... an increase of the internal steam pressure, possibly related to the ...
http://www.sveurop.org/gb/news/news.htm
32%
704. What about the Water Vapor Canopy? **

The weight of any canopy will increase the atmospheric pressure below, making oxygen and
nitrogen toxic to ... the Deep, ie vast pools of water below the Earth's crust, which ...
http://www.nasamike.com/main/book/4hiii.htm
32%
705. An Introduction to Biblical Nonsense

As the "fountains of the deep" (Genesis 7:11) contain only 1% of the necessary ... raise the
atmospheric pressure enough to cause a dramatic increase of oxygen and ...
http://www.biblicalnonsense.com/chapter6.html
31%
706. Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar

... crust (5 km thick) tops the lithosphere in ocean basins. The thickest continental crust, ... the
confining pressure, although the influence of increasing temperature cannot be ...
http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=52
31%
707. Federal News Radio 1500 AM: Dominion spending $4B to improve ...
The work will ease pressure within its system and increase the amount of gas that ... Cool Jobs:
Scientist drills deep into ocean's crust. Tips for knowing what the government ...
http://www.federalnewsradio.com/index.php?nid=37&sid=1855787
31%
708. Full text of "Oceanus"
36 Ocean Drilling Program Altering Our Perception of Earth by Philip Rabinowitz, ... represents a
major step forward in the Navy's capability for deep ocean search. ...
http://www.archive.org/stream/oceanusv2903wood/oceanusv2903wood_djvu.txt
31%
709. Geomagnetism
The solid crust, the only part we experience directly, is represented by the ... and its conductivity
may increase greatly under high pressure and temperature. ...
http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/termag.htm
31%
710. Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland NP-2002-2-427-GSFC...

Sep 2007 - ...density results in an increase in mass, and an increase in mass results in an increase
in the...Atmosphere Lithosphere Ice Ocean Mantle Continent...through rainfall, deep soil...of the
Earth’s crust that is occurring...
http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/ftp_docs/GRACE.pdf
31%
711. Microsoft Word - Document4

May 2001 - ...our biosphere. Our Ocean Biosphere Look at...In short, the ocean itself is
composed...composed of oceanic crust made at the mid...The biota in the ocean is all living
plants...temperature, salinity, pressure, dissolved gases...or spines that
http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/f98/f98u1le2.pdf
31%
712. ORI GI NAL PAPER J. W. Valley Æ J. S. Lackey Æ A. J. Cavosie C. C....

Aug 2007 - ...evolution of intracrustal recycling and crust-mantle interaction through time.
This...change that documents maturation of the crust. After $1.5 Ga, high d18 O zircons...derived
material into magmas within the crust. Electronic Supplementary
http://www.ufpe.br/ansial/Valley et al MCP, v. 150, 2005.pdf
31%
713. Stack #43280 study tools.

Stack #43280 flashcards, matching games, crossword, hangman and other study tools. ... the
process when an increase in temperature and pressure on a rock composed of a variety ...
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-43280
31%
714. Underwater Volcanoes: How are Underwater Volcanoes Formed?

If you want to know more about underwater volcanoes, here is an ... since the ocean surface is
denser than the underlying mantle it creates pressure on the ...
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/underwater-volcanoes-how-are-underwater-volcanoes-formed.html
31%
715. Common Rock Types of New Mexico and the World Rock Sample Kit ...
The intermediate level is called the mantle, and is overlain by the crust, the ... involving deep
burial, increase of pressure and temperature, and deformation. ...
http://www.ees.nmt.edu/k12/Rock_Kit_Descriptions.pdf
30%
716. Cosmogeology news

under pressure of Indian platform on the ancient ocean's floor and slowly drift ... impact on the
thick crust could create huge deep crater and few huge ...
http://www.cosmogeology.ge/evidences.htm
30%
717. Detecting deeply subducted crust from the elasticity of hollandite

Mookherjee, M. / Steinle-Neumann, G.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,288(3),p.349-358,Nov
2009 - ...subscript 0) and pressure dependence...subducted crust from the elasticity...basalt to the
deep mantle has...signature of ocean island basalts...At high
=yes&md5=213dc4993c13cdce26072d45d531b828
30%
718. Lucky Strike Smokers Are Different

selves are very narrow (new ocean crust reaches its. full thickness within a couple of ... bars of
pressure, the volatile chemicals that come. out of volcanoes—things like water, ...
http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/EandS/articles/Asimow%20Feature.pdf
30%
719. MeltingMelting Reference: Encylopedia of Volcanoes, pp. 55-68 Heat of...

Aug 2001 - ...Occurs in mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands...Adiabatic system Pressure
causes...Composition • Increase in water pressure – Lowers the...subducting oceanic crust
Increasing...IncreaseTemperature Increase • Mechanical...mantle – Deep
http://www.nsm.buffalo.edu/courses/gly431/V02_Melting.pdf
30%
720. Microsoft Word - F-RefList.doc

Aug 2005 - ...evolution and deep crustal structure...beneath mid-ocean ridges, Nature...E. Loper,
Pressure freezing of the...in Earth's Deep Interior, ed...and of oceanic crust segregation...simulation
of high-pressure rock tensile experiments...Evidence o
http://www.msi.umn.edu/~davey/F-RefList.pdf
30%
721. Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from

coordinated geochemical and fluid flow...
Wetzel, L.R. / Raffensperger, J.P. / Shock, E.L.,Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research,110(3),p.319-341,Oct 2001 - ...characteristics of the basaltic crust comes from Ocean
Drilling Program Hole...Drilled in 5.9 Myr old crust, Hole 504B penetrated
=yes&md5=0ea79c8235c99efd2772014b8dd17218
30%
722. thirdeyeconcept.com - Sun and Moon Trigger Deep Tremors on ...

Water under very high pressure essentially lubricates the rock, making the fault ... moon on the
crust and with the effects of ocean tides, which are ...
http://www.thirdeyeconcept.com/index.php?page=466
30%
723. Zoned mantle convection

Nov 2002 - ...recycled oceanic crust have thus been...through mid-ocean ridges and, in...con-
tinental crust, the depleted...the continental crust and the terrestrial...reached at this pressure for
any reasonable carbon...beneath mid-ocean ridges (Romanowi
http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/robspage/PapersPDF/2002PhilTrans_AH.pdf
30%
724. Advanced CORKS for the 21st century, JOI/USSSP Workshop ...
... of the significance of the deep, hot biosphere in ocean crust and sediments. ... crust can be
examined with multiple levels of observation, as can local pressure ...
http://www.earth.rochester.edu/issep/Advanced_CORK_report.html
29%
725. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.11.009
Oct 2007 - ...preserves high-pressure, moderate...the Rheic Ocean in the...0% of pressure
(constant...with little increase in temperature...subducting crust without...seismically active crust to
estimate...1999), and pressure–temperatures...consistently
http://web.usal.es/~jrmc/MartinezCatalan/documents/AlcockTphys05.pdf
29%
726. Download
... albeit modest by modern standards, while increasing pressure on marine resources, ... another
factor to bear on the environment: a deep and abiding concern for the environment, ...
http://www.iwmc.org/fish/010101.rtf
29%
727. gc000568 1..24

Nov 2006 - ...model for mid-ocean ridge basalts...composition of mid-ocean ridge basalt
glasses...crustal thickness increase of 4 km approaching...Region: Atlantic Ocean. Received
11...opportunity for deep understanding of the...thickening of the crust, as
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg/People/Faculty/DixonJ/Publications/pdfs/Asimowetal04.pdf
29%
728. Mars Puts On A Little Weight - Mars-Earth Wars

Rifts can occur in a crust if there is either kind of shift in weight. ... into and under the Indian
Ocean. But what, for a rift valley, is "deep, wide and handsome? ...
http://www.creationism.org/patten/PattenMarsEarthWars/PattenMEW03.htm
29%
729. O401_21c 779..782

biological production but an increase in the fraction of nutrient ... Enhanced deep-ocean circulation
of this form. appears to have gradually strengthened the ...
http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~avf5/teaching/Files_pdf/Haug1999.pdf
29%
730. Sequestration
... two sinks, essentially land vegetation and the ocean, increasing their uptakes. ... dioxide into
deep submarine aquifers. At 800 to 1,000 metres depth, the pressure is such ...
http://www.cypenv.info/cyprusee/files/climate/sequestration.aspx
29%
731. The evolution of He Isotopes in the convecting mantle and the preservation of high
3He/4He ratios
Porcelli, D. / Elliott, T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,269(1),p.175-185,May 2008 - ...the3He
flux from the mid-ocean ridges (3FMOR) by assuming...of He from newly formed ocean crust, so
that(2) FMOR3=-[H3e...due to degassing at mid-ocean ridges (MO
=yes&md5=76e8d91056f65f14f1e454d44c188544
29%
732. Ultradeep continental roots and their oceanic remnants: A solution to the geochemical
''mantle reservoir'' problem?
O'Reilly, S.Y. / Zhang, M. / Griffin, W.L. / Begg, G. / Hronsky, J.,LITHOS,112,p.1043-1054,Nov
2009 - ...the overlying crust. Such deep roots are impediments to...magmas with the boundaries of
deep mantle domains that would...overlain by thinned continenta
=yes&md5=406a037885e87401c46f6f0185a11c82
29%
733. ESCI111
Oct 2008 - ...containing continental crust move down into the asthenosphere at deep-sea
trenches...requires a proper pressure B. requires a...of the earth crust is made of silicate...minerals
from old B. increase in density C...of minerals D. deep weatheri
http://www.siue.edu/~fodemer/esci111.htm
28%
734. Melting of hydrous and carbonate mineral inclusions in garnet host during ultrahigh
pressure experiments
Perchuk, A.L. / Burchard, M. / Maresch, W.V. / Schertl, H.P.,LITHOS,103(1),p.25-45,Jun 2008 -
...temperatures (T) of 800-1100 ^oC and a pressure (P) of 4 GPa, representative...Garnet
Inclusions Ultrahigh pressure 1 Introduction Since the pioneering...ultra
=yes&md5=1b5b4436c9b836d98fc6e1a17ecdbf3a
28%

... deep ocean floor was critical to development of the theory; the field of deep ... new crust be
continuously added along the oceanic ridges without increasing the ...
http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/p/Plate_tectonics.htm
28%
736. The INGV's new OBS/H: Analysis of the signals recorded at the Marsili submarine
volcano
D'Alessandro, A. / D'Anna, G. / Luzio, D. / Mangano, G.,Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research,183(1),p.17-29,May 2009 - ...is the recent-most ocean crust floored basin,
characterised...Acceleration and pressure PSD of noise recorded...Unfiltered n
=yes&md5=5e4b774b3f21334b06a83de122c249aa
28%
737. The Kerguelen plateau: Records from a long-living/composite microcontinent

The ExtraPlac Team / Benard, F. / Callot, J.P. / Vially, R. / Schmitz, J. / Roest, W. / Patriat, M. /
Loubrieu, B.,Marine and Petroleum Geology,27(3),p.633-649,Mar 2010 - ...the Southern Indian
Ocean and is classically...above an oceanic crust. The interpr
=yes&md5=0635da5924cf307196c4d17e814a0ee9
28%
738. Introduction
Aug 2004 - ...differ from the deep ocean? To answer...the earth's crust. Their mass...significant
increase of the tidal...seas and the deep ocean relates to...divergence. In the deep ocean any
accumulation...support the pressure gradients associated...
http://www.lei.furg.br/ocfis/mattom/ShelfCoast/notes/chapter01.html
27%
739. Konf341.vp:CorelVentura 7.0

Mar 2007 - ...and the Adjacent Deep Arctic Ocean (QUEEN...Boundaries in the Deep Crust and
Continental...western Indian Ocean...petrology of high-pressure rocks, one of...is proof of the
increase in scientific cooperation...
http://www.ing.pan.pl/sudewww/34_PDF/GS34_63-66_Confer.pdf
27%
740. Low ´18O in the Icelandic mantle and its origins: Evidence from Reykjanes Ridge and
Icelandic lavas
Thirlwall, M.F. / Gee, M.A.M. / Lowry, D. / Mattey, D.P. / Murton, B.J. / Taylor, R.N.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,70(4),p.993-1019,Feb 2006 - ...whole-rock delta18O for ocean crust lithologies
Association...Drill core 10 Hess Deep, EPR - 2.2 6.5..
=yes&md5=9a1352dbfc13df7e99b620a55820ede8
27%
741. Utility and frontiers of metamorphism Notes by D Pattison ...

ocean crust. Seafloor (metamorphic) hydration reactions capture volatiles from the ocean ...
conductance anomalies in the deep crust (fluid presence vs. effect of ...
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~pattison/utility&frontiersofmetamorphism.pdf
27%
742. Aleutian Arc Tectonics: Unga Island, Alaska

... deeper into the mantle, the increase in temperature and pressure will cause the plate to ... will
thicken the crust as it approaches the surface. This thick crust will stop the ...
http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/student/schmidt3/unga.html
26%
743. background notes

... removed from the carbon cycle over the ages, primarily as deep ocean sediments. ... coal
material at extremely high temperature and pressure deep within the earth. ...
http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/ChemSource/BIO/backn.htm
26%
744. Black Gold: Thomas Gold’s Deep Hot Biosphere and the Deep-Earth theories of the
Origin of Petroleum
Mar 2009 - ...two assumptions for his deep-earth gas theory are...elements under the correct
pressure and temperature conditions...brackets because in the deep earth, pressure increases with
depth...direct proportion with an increase in pressure, and this.
http://www.metaresearch.org/publications/bulletin/2007issues/0915/Mrb07cp5.asp
26%
745. Divergent Boundaries

Cooling and Subsidence of the Oceanic Crust. The elevation of the ocean floor is strongly influences
by its ... (100's of meters) of deep marine sediments (clay, microorganisms, ...
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~piccoli/100/CH19.htm
26%
746. From Monsoons to Microbes: Understanding the Ocean's Role in Human Health
May 2010 - ...scale of the world ocean, the ventilation of the deep water is achieved...physical
property of the ocean for life on earth...Even though the deep waters are only about...scale of the
world ocean, the ventilation of the deep water is achieved.
26%
747. Howstuffworks "Big waves: Tracking Deadly Tsunamis"

Sep 2009 - ...layer of mantle. The crust is the outermost layer...the continents and the ocean floor.
The mantle is...of hot rock under the crust. The plates slide about...When a plate beneath the
ocean presses against a plate...but tsunami waves in the de
http://science.howstuffworks.com/tracking-deadly-tsunamis-info.htm/printable
26%
748. III
... original distribution of elements in the core, mantle and crust, respectively. ... composition of
material found in crust that is of probably deep-seated origin, ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/Goldschmidt.htm
26%
749. Introduction
Aug 2006 - ...differ from the deep ocean? To answer...the earth's crust. Their mass...significant
increase of the tidal...seas and the deep ocean relates to...divergence. In the deep ocean any
accumulation...support the pressure gradients associated...
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/ShelfCoast/notes/chapter01.html
26%
750. Microsoft Word - vertical-iche2.doc

Apr 2007 - ...tidal fluid pressure signals are...aquifers and in deep sea sediments...tide, as they
increase with depth...transported ocean tidal fluid pressure induces a periodical...measured in the
deep sea sediment...earth‘s crust on a global...
http://www-usr.rider.edu/~hsun/tide1.pdf
26%
751. Abysmal Plain

nearly level areas that occupy the deepest portions of many ocean basins. ... The deep waters of
the ocean below 1,000 fathoms or 6,000 ft (1.83 km) ...
http://www.maden.hacettepe.edu.tr/dmmrt/dmmrt4.html
25%
752. Anti-Idiotarian Rottweiler " When Your Data Is Broke, Blame ...
... the same and not make a rat's ass worth of difference to deep crust pressure. ... pressure is
decreased in the area of the ice cap and is spread out over the entire ocean ...
http://www.nicedoggie.net/2008/?p=570
25%
753. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering petroleum | Research
Stories: stories of scholarship and creative .
Jan 2010 - ...compounds occurs deep in Earth's crust. "The secret...temperature and pressure
affect the...water change deep in sediments...new Omni-pressure Lab, simple...bottom of the
ocean (2,500...compounds all increase with time...found in the deep sub
http://researchstories.asu.edu/2008/10/deep_biosphere_research_points.html
25%
754. ENGINEERINGANDSCIENCE April 1963, Volume XXVI, No. 7...
Mar 2009 - ...how the great ocean basins remain...by the high-pressure intrusion of
molten...reflections off deep subterranean layers...the earth's crust under the highland...depths
under high pressure through a near...permanence of the great ocean basins.
http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/231/1/berry.pdf
25%
755. GEOL 3070: Introduction to Oceanography Syllabus - Spring 2009

Explain how isostatic equilibrium accounts for the existence of ocean basins. ... vectors to illustrate
the balance of the pressure gradient force and Coriolis, ...
http://instaar.colorado.edu/~marchitt/GEOL3070.2009.syllabus.pdf
25%
756. NERC - New funding for the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory

The new funding package represents an overall increase on previous years and is a major ...
changes in pressure at the bottom of the ocean to test data from a ...
http://www.nerc.ac.uk/press/releases/2001/10-fundpol.asp
25%
757. Ocean zones qxd (Page 1)

increasing water pressure. This lightless zone, also known as the ... The deep ocean floor also.
provides a habitat for life as well. In some places, there. are ...
http://www.southjerseynews.com/brainstorm/0303/images/ocean.pdf
25%
758. Ocean-115
For students taking Ocean-115 and Ocean-116 to complete their ... Exploring the deep ocean floor:
challenges and solutions. The deep ocean floor: oceanic ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/ocean-115_sum.htm
25%
759. Pelagic
In deep water, the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can ... (a holdover
from the times when the deep ocean was believed to be bottomless) ...
http://plumbot.com/Pelagic
25%
760. Rocks and Minerals

in the Earth's crust and changed by heat pressure, and fluid activity. ... Water contained deep in
the Earth's crust can move through cracks and pore ...
http://www.nps.gov/grfa/forteachers/upload/Pre-visit%20Rocks%20and%20Minerals.doc
25%
761. Role of tonalite-trodhjemite-granite (TTG) crust subduction on the mechanism of

supercontinent breakup
Senshu, H. / Maruyama, S. / Rino, S. / Santosh, M.,Gondwana Research,15(3),p.433-442,Jun 2009
- ...of continental crust has not long been...occurrence of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)
metamorphism...subducted into the deep mantle. The western...transported into
=yes&md5=86eef2585a76bc5d21dae33e800c29c0
25%
762. The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon: Final Report
May 2010 - ...composition of the primary feldspathic crust, KREEP layer, and other products...the
composition of the lower crust and bulk Moon. X X 3d. Quantify...complexity of the current lunar
crust. X X 3e. Determine the vertical...that the cratering ra
25%
763. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering petroleum
Jun 2010 - ...journey to the deep Earth cause...compounds occurs deep in Earth's crust. "The
secret...temperature and pressure affect the reactivity...water change deep in sediments...bottom
of the ocean (2,500 meters...compounds all increase with time...
http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/geowissenschaften/deep_biosphere_research_poin
ts_methods_recovering_119977.html
24%
764. Earthquake — History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts

Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in the Earth's crust is suddenly
released, usually when masses of rock straining against...
http://www.history.com/topics/earthquake
24%
765. Formation and Development of Fissures

Apr 2002 - ...eruption on the mid-ocean ridge crest and flanks...into the upper oceanic crust
through which magma and...conduits for fluid flow deep into the crust). The nature and
distribution...temporal stability of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) segment...
http://dusk2.geo.orst.edu/fissures/
24%
766. Geyser and Hot Spring - The shape of the land, Forces and ...
Large sections of Earth's lithosphere that are separated by deep fault zones. ... forming mountains
and new ocean crust, and stimulating volcanic eruptions. ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Faults-to-Mountains/Geyser-and-Hot-Spring.html
24%
767. Making Magma

The lower pressure causes the solidus temperature of the rock to fall. ... the solidus increases with
increasing pressure. Thus the solidus is ...
http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~juster/S5/magma.htm
24%
768. Preservation/exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure subduction complexes

Ernst, W.G.,LITHOS,92(3),p.321-335,Dec 2006 - ...low-density continental crust descends
relatively...strength of the sialic crust in passing through...Return of these deep-seated
allochthons...unaltered oceanic crust, ~3.0, continental...anhydrous mantle,
=yes&md5=93bdc0500ed3a76c3596c190aa4b4e2b
24%
769. Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas Fault | e! ...
The faint tug of the sun and moon on the San Andreas Fault stimulates tremors deep underground,
suggesting that the rock 15 miles below is lubricated with highly ...
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2009/12/23/sun.and.moon.trigger.deep.tremors.san.andreas.fault
24%
770. The Atomic Constants, Light And Time - Supplement
The Scripture seems to imply that there was one main landmass surrounded with this warm ocean.
... heated up it expanded placing increasing pressure on the crust. ...
http://www.ldolphin.org/setterfield/supplement.html
24%
771. The H/C ratios of Earth's near-surface and deep reservoirs, and consequences for deep
Earth volatile cycles
Hirschmann, M.M. / Dasgupta, R.,Chemical Geology,262(1),p.4-16,May 2009 - ...2005). The Pito
Deep samples and the...basalt at low pressure inhibits quantitative...to continental crust: the key
role...the continental crust by plotting them...combined contin
=yes&md5=f504e74da7bdd541b8ef7558f6baf815
24%
772. Volcano : Map (The Full Wiki)

The release of pressure due to the thinning of the crust leads to adiabatic expansion, and the
partial ... under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. ...
http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Volcano
24%
773. Word
Ocean trenches are very deep, and the continental shelf is relatively shallow. ... Pressure and
temperature increase with depth beneath the surface. ...
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/frameworks/science_framewks/framework_science5.doc
24%
774. 2004 Annual Report.doc

Mar 2005 - ...N: implications for uppermost ocean crust stratigraphy and hydrothermal fluid
circulation. In: Mid-Ocean Ridges Hydrothermal Interactions...Nelson G., and Daniel Frye. Deep
ocean experience with acoustic current...
http://cecelia.whoi.edu/CONTRIB/contrib-annrep-2004.pdf
23%
775. Ch5 ocean circulation

3. Circulation though ocean crust ones in every 10 million years. ... as part of thermohaline
circulation, which characterize deep water circulation. ...
http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Habte-Churnet/geol225/Geol-225-Studyguide2.htm
23%
776. Did Deepwater methane hydrates cause the BP Gulf explosion ...
Strange and dangerous hydrocarbon offers no room for human error ... matrix — thanks to the
extreme cold and pressure of the ocean depth. When the tube is inverted, the hydrate, ...
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/may/20/deepwater-methane-hydrates-bp-gulf
23%
777. Energetic Ion and Electron Irradiation of the Icy Galilean Satellites
Jan 2001 - ...For Europa a primary interest is the existence of a subsurface ocean (Squyres et al.
1983) suggested by Galileo Orbiter imaging...Williams and Greeley 1998). Hydrated minerals,
perhaps from ocean salts in Europan terrain fractured by tidal st
http://people.virginia.edu/~rej/Icarus_Jan2001_Cooper_et_al.pdf
23%
778. Geological Carbon Sinks
increasing pressure (as well as with decreasing temperature) ... ocean and deep-sea sediments
(Ridgwell, 2001). This extension calculates the fraction (if ...
http://www.ggy.bris.ac.uk/personal/AndyRidgwell/pubs/Ridgwell_and_Edwards_2007.pdf
23%
779. HomeSchool
Under tremendous pressure, the lava bursts up through the crust of the earth and ... where the
crust is under tremendous pressure from several directions. ...
http://www.rain.org/homeschool/science/geology.html
23%
780. Metamorphism, Plate Tectonics, and the Supercontinent Cycle

Brown, M.,Earth Science Frontiers,14(1),p.1-18,Jan 2007 - ...destruction of ocean basins
floored...eclogite, high-pressure granulite metamorphism...eclogites (high-pressure metamorphism,
HPM) and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism (UHPM...gradients and deep s
=yes&md5=ec504d262f2bd2183587c1e823bd3ab3
23%
781. Microsoft Word - finalpaper_1133240703_865.doc

Aug 2008 - ...formed under high pressure and low temperature...material exists in deep ocean
bottom and sub...hazard for deep water drilling...in the earth crust (Kvenvolden...method, effective
pressure reduction is...the strength, increase in permeability
http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dns/IACMAG08/pdfs/D06.pdf
23%
782. SEACOOS Glossary of Acronyms and Marine Science

Pertaining to a dark colored volcanic rock characteristic of the ocean crust. ... increase in the
downward slope of the seafloor that continues to the deep ocean floor. ...
http://www.seacoos.org/glossary
23%
783. Tectonics and water on Europa

The pore pressure due to the presence of. melt will also increase the depth to the brit ... ocean,
but the thickness of the outer ice. crust is poorly constrained ...
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~nimmo/website/paper13a.pdf
23%
784. The Radiometric Dating Game

A set of links to articles on radiometric dating, especially those which state that it is inaccurate. ...
and can move from down deep in the earth, where the pressure is large, ...
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/dating.html
23%
785. Unless Peace Comes: How to wreck the environment

Pressure at the bottom of the ice is great enough to keep the ice at ... a pressure increase lowers
rather than raises its melting point. An increase in thickness ...
http://noelozzy.50webs.com/articles/wreck.htm
23%
786. Zircon U-Pb strain chronometry reveals deep impact-triggered flow

Moser, D.E. / Davis, W.J. / Reddy, S.M. / Flemming, R.L. / Hart, R.J.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,277(1),p.73-79,Jan 2009 - ...typical of high pressure (0.9 GPa to...continental crust
(Pattison, 2003...five-fold relative increase in Ce abundance...
=yes&md5=8e45357c024b29aa952932e83a0d5b37
23%
787. Creation Science

The science of Creation and Evolution. ... corrupt religion would fall and knowledge would increase.
This increase in knowledge also led to the theories ...
http://www.teachinghearts.org/dre09creationnotes.html
22%
788. Defining the Paragoethite process for iron removal in zinc hydrometallurgy
Loan, M. / Newman, O.M.G. / Cooper, R.M.G. / Farrow, J.B. / Parkinson,
G.M.,Hydrometallurgy,81(2),p.104-129,Feb 2006 - ...decreased proportion of larger particles. The
mean chord length decreased from 33 mum to 14.7 mum with pH, corresponding to an increas
=yes&md5=84ca10199b2eaaffcc75b45245015619
22%
789. Earth
product of movement within the crust. The following are some of the ... the Juan de Fuca plate (a
piece of the ocean's crust) is sliding underneath ...
http://www.psrc.org/assets/2006/ch5-13.pdf
22%
790. Hot Springs in British Columbia

Hydraulic pressure forces the water up along the fault where it emerges at ... The earth's crust
cracked along a fault, more than two kilometres deep. ...
http://www.bchotsprings.com/
22%
791. Instructional Resources for Preservice and Inservice Chemistry...

May 1996 - ...major carbon “sinks”—carbon held in reserve in ocean sediments and in fossil fuels.
4. describe generally the movement...of insoluble mineral carbonates in the earth’s crust and ocean
floor. It also plays a major role in the productio
http://dwb4.unl.edu/chem_source_pdf/BICY.pdf
22%
792. Microsoft Word - MAR110_MASTER_glossary_4sep08.doc

Feb 2009 - ...which there is deep sinking of high...atmosphere and distant deep transport
to...hemisphere. 20. Crust. The outermost...depression of low air pressure. 23. Cyclonic...charts.
25. Deep-Ocean Floor. A zone...pressure tends to increase parallel
http://www.smast.umassd.edu/OCEANOL/courses/mar110/glossaries/MAR110_MASTER_glossary_4
sep08.pdf
22%
793. Natural World | Presidio of San Francisco | Oh, Ranger!

These dunes are composed of sand that has blown up and over the hills from Ocean Beach and
Baker Beach. ... leaves are broad with sharp, deep teeth on singular or few-branching ...
http://www.ohranger.com/presidio-san-francisco/natural-world
22%
794. Science News - Global Earth Tremors Update: 3-16-03
These increasing voltages will add more heat to the interior of the planet and ... ocean will be the
area of most dramatic change, as the Earth's crust ...
http://www.timstouse.com/ScienceNews/globaltremors.htm
22%
795. Sedimentary Rocks

... from magma deep in the crust of the Earth, rocks that dissolved in the ocean billions of ...
Compression of the rocks can change the banding and increase chemical alterations. ...
http://www.galleries.com/rocks/sedimentary.htm
22%
796. SSC03
Continental margins are the focus of increasing human activities which are moving towards ... of
deploying and operating in high pressure deep water environments. ...
http://homepage.mac.com/ieee_oes_japan/Sites/SSC03/session8.html
22%
797. Sun and moon trigger deep tremors on San Andreas Fault ...
means that the water deep underground is under extreme pressure. ... effects of the sun and
moon on the crust and with the effects of ocean tides, which are driven by the moon. ...
http://scienceblog.com/28736/sun-and-moon-trigger-deep-tremors-on-san-andreas-fault/
22%
798. SUPERNOVA COLLISIONS WITH THE HELIOSPHERE Brian D. Fields, Themis...

May 2008 - ...explore dynamic pressure regimes that...understood in terms of pressure-balance
arguments...5 Myr) in a deep-ocean ferromanganese crust. The 60 Fe abundance...a significant
increase over the past...obtained from simple pressure-balance estima
http://www.astro.uu.nl/~langer/f3/transients/papers/SN-Sun.pdf
22%
799. The Deepest Hole

Over forty years ago, researchers in the Soviet Union began an ambitious drilling project whose
goal was to penetrate the Earth's upper crust and sample the warm, ...
http://digg.com/general_sciences/The_Deepest_Hole
22%
800. The nature of oceanic lower crust and shallow mantle emplaced at low spreading rates
Sleep, N.H. / Barth, G.A.,Tectonophysics,279(1),p.181-191,Sep 1997 - ...observation is common
in crust formed at lower spreading...ultramafic component of the crust is volumetrically
significant...at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges it may be an original.
=yes&md5=c03a1cbf4b4366b18f96fd7a9bd21dad
22%
801. 1 A Habitat for Psychrophiles in Deep Antarctic Ice P. BUFORD PRICE...

Dec 1999 - ...Psychrophiles in Deep Antarctic Ice P...the earth’s crust (4), and viable...discovered at
Pacific Ocean sites to depths...its continental crust, and their descendants...psychrophilic bacteria in
deep Antarctic ice...relative to the pressure
http://icecube.berkeley.edu/~bprice/publications/Habitat_for_Psychrophiles.pdf
21%
802. Formation of Lava Bubbles Offers New Insight into Seafloor Formation
Apr 2009 - ...glassy black plates of ocean crust with stalactites on...seafloor lavas and increase
understanding of deep-sea volcanic processes...microbes living inside the ocean crust, an area
known as...because of the intense pressure at such great depth
http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/geowissenschaften/bericht-23490.html
21%
803. Numerical modelling of dyke interaction and its influence on oceanic crust formation
Kuhn, D. / Dahm, T.,Tectonophysics,447(1),p.53-65,Feb 2008 - ...compared to the pressure in the
dyke...interaction Mid-ocean ridge Oceanic crust formation...complex at mid-ocean ridges is...from
either deep-seated or...with oceanic crust formation...posses
=yes&md5=f4e2c7b4b44649d57b23e260c41ac49e
21%
804. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment Dr. James P ...
The intense pressure will then push the wellhead off the hole allowing a direct ... the pressure
within the massive cavity five miles beneath the ocean floor will ...
http://projectworldawareness.com/2010/06/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containment-dr-ja
mes-p-wickstrom/
21%
805. PLATE TECTONICS Solving the Puzzle

22. Deep ocean trenches are associated with. convergent boundaries and form when the ... 32. A
one point increase in the Richter Scale means a 32 times increase in ...
http://www.astarte.com.au/Our_Changing_World.pdf
21%
806. Scoopit - BP: oil pressure too strong for containment ? / NZ News
Scoopit is a collection of links submitted and ranked by readers. ... have been released, the
pressure within the massive cavity five miles beneath the ocean floor will begin to ...
http://www.scoopit.co.nz/story.php?title=BP_oil_pressure_too_strong_for_containment_-1
21%
807. type_Document_Title_here
tSunami? cEntral. what tsunamis areformationsurvival tipscase studyHawaiian girl's personal
accountinteresting factsphoto gallery. the letter-box ...
http://web.singnet.com.sg/~mimsin/
21%
808. 900-999
... that approximately 7 million square miles of new ocean crust was subducted ... Increasing
pressure at greater depths raises the melting point of rock faster ...
http://www.normanspencer.co.nz/PsNetwork/00900.html
20%
809. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHILDREN1S EARTH SCIENCE BOOKS

No, rising currents of rock under mid-ocean ridges may be a driving force in ... show ocean crust
sliding under continental crust. Correction: Plates are crust and ...
http://www.gvsu.edu/forms/geology/Mattox/Annotated%20Bibliograph%20of%20Childrens%20Ear
th%20Science%20Trade%20Books.doc
20%
810. CHAPTER 6. GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

where P = 1 atm is the atmospheric pressure at sea level and Na = 1.8x1020 moles ... the surface
to the deep ocean ( deep water formation) takes place in ...
http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap6.html
20%
811. Consider this a PSA " The TOXIC Mud Pit

The pressure of water and ice on the crust is considerable: 1 cubic metre of ... continent or
removing a deep column of water from the ocean floor will inevitably affect ...
http://sunversuswind.com/?p=1032
20%
812. Ely
Deep Earth conditions can now be simulated in the laboratory using a diamond-anvil pressure cell.
... base of the crust is marked worldwide by an abrupt increase in seismic wave ...
http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/deep-eco/ely.htm
20%
813. Going Deep | The Resilient Earth

... by plate tectonics causes localized volcanism in stressed or heterogeneous crust. ... the pressure
to increase and the decay of heavy radioactive elements like uranium deep in ...
http://theresilientearth.com/?q=content/going-deep
20%
814. Heavy Metal Toxicity

The body has need for approximately 70 friendly trace element heavy metals, but there are
another 12 poisonous heavy metals, such as Lead, Mercury, Aluminum, Arsenic, ...
http://tuberose.com/Heavy_Metal_Toxicity.html
20%
815. Wave Motion study tools.

When water waves travel from deep water to shallow water they are refracted because. ... Density
increases with depth due to the increasing pressure of the overlying rocks. ...
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-17973
20%
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