10/29/2016 ListofriversbyageWikipedia

Listofriversbyage
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

ThisisaselectedlistoftheoldestriversonEarthforwhichthereisknowledgeabouttheirexistenceinpasttimes.

Contents
1 Determinationofage
2 Listofsomeoftheworld'soldestrivers
3 Seealso
4 References

Determinationofage
Theageofariverisdifficulttodetermine.Generally,theageisestimatedbasedprimarilyupontheageofany
mountainsitdissectstheageoftheseaoroceantowhichiteventuallyoutflowscanbeirrelevantforexample,
severalriversoftheeastsideoftheAppalachianMountainsareolderthantheexistenceoftheAtlanticOcean,
whichdidnotexist130millionyearsago.Ifariverfullydissectsamountainrange,thenthisgenerallyindicates
thattheriverexistedatleastatthetimethatthemountainrangerose.

Listofsomeoftheworld'soldestrivers

Continentcolorkey
Africa Asia Oceania Europe NorthAmerica SouthAmerica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_age 1/3
10/29/2016 ListofriversbyageWikipedia

Age
River Outflow Mostsignificantcriterionfortheage
(Ma)
350 LakeEyre PredatestheAliceSpringsOrogenyseveralothersmallerriversinthe
Finke
400 (intermittent) NorthernTerritoryareofasimilarage[1][2]

320to Paleozoic,dissectstheArdennesduringtheHercynian[3]TheHercynian
Meuse NorthSea OrogenymountainupfliftwascontemporarywiththeAppalachian
340
formingAlleghenianorogeny,both320to340ma.
260to Kanawha DissectstheAppalachianMountains,formedbytheAlleghenian
New
325 River orogeny,320340ma[4]
260to Chesapeake DissectstheAppalachianMountains,formedbytheAlleghenian
Susquehanna
325 Bay orogeny,320340ma[5]
DissectstheAppalachianMountains,formedbytheAlleghenian
260to Tennessee orogeny,320340ma.TheNew,Susquehanna,FrenchBroadarethe
FrenchBroad onlysignificantriversthatfullydissecttheAppalachiancorethe
325 River
HudsonRiverisofmorerecentgeologicorigin.[6]
Triassic,possiblyolderifitdissectedmountainsupliftedduringthe
Rhine 240 NorthSea HercynianinadditiontotheEocenewiththeAlpsortheMiocenewith
theUpperRhineGraben
Save 205 IndianOcean FormedduringriftingwhenGondwanabrokeup.[7]
Atlantic Jurassic,butitseemstohaveflowedintheoppositedirectionasan
Amazon 200
Ocean extensionoftheCongo,i.e.longbeforetheformationofAndes
KnowntobeatleastCretaceousinage,butcrossesmountainseven
Amur 125 SeaofOkhotsk
older[8]
Macleay 80 TasmanSea PredatesupliftofGreatEscarpment[9]
Murrumbidgee 75 MurrayRiver PredatesupliftofAustralianAlps[9]
Gulfof
Colorado 75 UpliftduringLaramideorogeny,seeGeologyoftheGrandCanyonarea
California
65to Mediterranean 65to75fortheSuddsectiontherestoftheriverisonly1or2million
Nile
75 Sea yearsold[10]
Thames 58 NorthSea LatePalaeocenePeriodThanetianStage.[11]
Indus
(Sindhu)
45 ArabianSea SourceintheHimalayasandKarakoramMountains[12]

Yangtze 23to EastChina

(ChangJiang) 36.5 Sea PostdatestheThreeGorgesformation(36.5ma)[13][14]

Seealso
Listsofrivers

References
1.WellsAT,FormanDJ,RanfordLC,CookPJ(1970)."GeologyoftheAmadeusBasin,CentralAustralia".Bureauof
MineralResources,Australia,Bulletin.100.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_age 2/3
10/29/2016 ListofriversbyageWikipedia

2.HainesPW,HandM,SandifordM(2001)."PalaeozoicsynorogenicsedimentationincentralandnorthernAustralia:a
reviewofdistributionandtimingwithimplicationsfortheevolutionofintracontinentalorogens".AustralianJournalof
EarthSciences.48(6):911928.doi:10.1046/j.14400952.2001.00909.x.Abstract(http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/lin
k.asp?id=l2845h4lp240801n)
3.EnvironmentalHistoryoftheRhineMeuseDelta(https://books.google.com/books?id=RQRdOc3iaHYC&pg=PA357&lp
g=PA357)
4.MaryS.Biswal,TERTIARYORIGINOFTHEAPPALACHIANMOUNTAINS(https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014SE/webpr
ogram/Paper237328.html)
5.Clearwaters,Spring2009,HistoricalLookattheSusquehannaRiverWatershed(https://www.nywea.org/clearwaters/09
1spring/04Historical.pdf)
6.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Region4,Atlanta,GA,RecordofDecision:OverviewofSite(p.14)(http://www.
epa.gov/region4/superfund/images/nplmedia/pdfs/ecumlncrodou2.pdf)
7.LandscapeevolutioninZimbabwefromthePermiantopresent,withimplicationsforkimberliteprospecting.Moore,
Cotterill,Broderick,Plowes.2006,SouthAfricanJournalofGeology.
8.Potter,PaulEdwin&Hamblin,W.KennethBigRiversWorldwide(http://www.geology.byu.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2
011/11/Volume482006.pdf)
9.Flannery,TimTheFutureEatersAnEcologicalHistoryoftheAustralasianLandsandPeoplesp.78ISBN
0802139434
10.[1](https://www.utdallas.edu/geosciences/remsens/Nile/geology.html)
11."HistoryofthemajorriversofsouthernBritainduringtheTertiary".QuaternaryPalaeoenvironmentsGroup.2006.
Retrieved20071028.
12.Clift,PeterD.Shimizu,N.Layne,G.D.Blusztajn,J.S.Gaedicke,C.Schlter,H.U.Clark,M.K.Amjad,S.(August
2001)."DevelopmentoftheIndusFananditssignificancefortheerosionalhistoryoftheWesternHimalayaand
Karakoram".GSABulletin.113(8):10391051.doi:10.1130/00167606(2001)113<1039:DOTIFA>2.0.CO2.
13.HongboZheng,PreMiocenebirthoftheYangtzeRiver(http://www.pnas.org/content/110/19/7556.abstract)
14.EncyclopaediaBritannica:YangtzeRiver(http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/349900/description/News_in_Bri
ef_Yangtzes_age_revealed)

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