3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 1

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Introduction and Session Aims

IMT-2000 This session is focussed at looking
at how and why the 3rd Generation
IMT-2000 spectrum standards have evolved
Firstly we will look at the goals and
the focus of the ITU in IMT-2000
Drivers from Europe,
America and Asia We will then examine what drivers
from the regions and the various
Regulatory bodies industry bodies who have an
Standardisation bodies interest in 3rd Generation
Industry associations Finally we will round up by looking
at the IMT-2000 cellular standards

3rd Generation Cellular

Standards

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 2

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) is a
program focussed at providing a single global standard for
mobile communications
Development started in 1985 as FPLMTS
! Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System
Proposed by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 3

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Who does IMT-2000 serve?

Integrating all the following users
! fixed
! cellular
! cordless
! professional mobile radio
! paging
! satellite
! specialised (aeroplane, etc)
IMT-2000 terminal
and services

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 4

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Aspects of IMT-2000 Networks

Different aspects of
IMT-2000 access
networks

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 5

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

What are the IMT-2000 goals?

Data Rates
! Local area - 2 Mbps
" In office, stationary
! Limited mobility - 384 kbps
" Urban pedestrian
! Full mobility - 144 kbps
" Rural in car

High spectrum efficiency compared to existing systems

High flexibility to introduce new services

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 6

 3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Spectrum
1885 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200
ITU IMT-2000 IMT-2000
IMT-2000
MSS MSS
(WARC-92) Land Mobile Land Mobile Land Mobile

1880 1900 1920 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200

UMTS UMTS UMTS
Europe GSM 1800 DECT
UMTS UMTS UMTS
Unpaired Paired UL SAT Unpaired Paired DL
SAT
1920
IMT-2000 1980 2110 IMT-2000 2170
Japan
Land Mobile UL Land Mobile DL

1920 1980
IMT-2000 2110 IMT-2000 2170
Korea
Land Mobile UL Land Mobile DL

1850 PCS 1910 1930 1990 2110 2200

PCS
USA UL
Reserved
DL

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 7

 3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Future Spectrum

ITU 806 960 1710 2500 2690

(WRC-2000) New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000

890 960 1710 1880

Europe GSM 900 GSM 1800

Japan

Korea

USA Cellular PCS

600 1000 1400 1800 2200 2400 3000

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 8

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Candidate Technology Evaluation

The ITU issued a request for proposals for the Radio
Transmission Technology (RTT) for IMT-2000 to be submitted
in June 1998
Following this a self evaluation of the RTT submitted was
required by September 1998
Candidate technologies were then evaluated according to their
compliance with the goals for IMT-2000

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 9

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Candidate Harmonisation

A number of technologies were submitted many of which had
distinct similarities
Of course operators were generally keen on a single standard
to allow global roaming and economies of scale
! Operators Harmonisation Group (OHG)
This led to two partnership projects being set up:
! 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
" Dealing with UMTS FDD/TDD and related candidate technologies a
! 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
" Dealing with cdma2000 and related candidate technologies

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 10

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3G Standardization Environment

Key Players and

their relationships
in the IMT-2000
standardisation
environment

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 11

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Selected Air Interface Standards

Five candidate technologies were
eventually selected:
! IMT-DS (Direct Spread)
"UMTS FDD
! IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)
"cdma2000
! IMT-TC (Time Code)
"UMTS TDD
! IMT-SC (Single Carrier)
"EDGE/UWC-136
! IMT-FT (Frequency Time)
"DECT

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 12

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Selected Core Network Standards

Three candidate technologies will
be used:
! GSM MAP Evolved
! ANSI-41 Evolved
! IP Based
"Driven forward by 3GIP

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 13

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

IMT-2000 Standards

The IMT-2000
family of standards

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 14

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

North America Drivers

North America and US influenced countries
! Dominated by 2G TDMA/cdmaOne
! USA has slower growth because recipient party pays
! Mess of digital systems at 800 and 1900 MHz
! US manufacturers have pushed forward growing cdmaOne standard
! PCS spectrum overlaps IMT-2000 band
! Major Drivers
" Spectrum sharing and compatibility with 2G standard
" National/International roaming

EDGE (TDMA operators)

cdma2000 (cdmaOne operators)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 15

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

European Drivers
Europe and European Influenced Countries
! GSM provided 2nd generation roaming across Europe
! Plenty of Capacity at 1800MHz
! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no
spectrum sharing issues
! EU enforced standardisation means UMTS for at least 1 operator per
country
! Major Drivers
" Higher Data Rates
" Continued global dominance of European based standard

UMTS

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 16

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Japan/Korean Drivers
Japan and Korea
! PHS and PDC left Japanese manufacturers isolated
! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no
spectrum sharing issues
! Political US relationships...
! Major Drivers
" Capacity for Voice
" Global market for cellular infrastructure

UMTS

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 17

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Cordless Drivers
You cant get 2Mbps out of the cellular standards
Hence a requirement for cordless style standards
! UMTS TDD Mode
! DECT

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 18

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Industry Bodies - Radio Regulatory

ITU (International)
! http://www.itu.int/
ERO (EU)
! European Radio Office
! http://www.ero.dk/
RA (UK)
! Radiocommunications Agency
! http://www.radio.gov.uk/
FCC (USA)
! Federal Communications
Commission
! http://www.fcc.gov/

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 19

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Industry Bodies - Trade Associations

UMTS Forum
! http://www.umts-forum.org/
GSM Association
! http://www.gsmworld.com/index1.html
CDMA Development Group
! http://www.cdg.org/
GSM Suppliers Association
! http://www.gsacom.com/home.html
Universal Wireless Communications Consortium
! http://www.uwcc.org/

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 20

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Industry Bodies - Standards Groups

3GPP
! UMTS FDD and TDD
! Standards Development
! http://www.3gpp.org/
3GPP2
! cdma2000
! Standards Development
! http://www.3gpp2.org/
3GIP
! IP Core Network
! http://www.3gip.org/

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 21

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Partnership Projects and Standards

Organisations

Relationships
between the
standards
organisations

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 22

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3GPP Member Organisations

ETSI (EU)
! http://www.etsi.org/
ARIB (Japan)
! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/
T1 (USA)
! http://www.t1.org/
TTC (Japan)
! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/
TTA (Korea)
! http://www.tta.or.kr/
CWTS (China)
! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 23

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3GPP2 Member Organisations

TIA (USA)
! http://www.tiaonline.org/
TTA (Korea)
! http://www.tta.or.kr/
TTC (Japan)
! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/
ARIB (Japan)
! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/
CWTS (China)
! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 24

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

The Road to 3G

HSCSD

Possible Evolution
Paths to 3G

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 25

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3rd Generation Cellular

2002+
Digital modulation
Voice and high rate data
Multi technology roaming
Secure air interface
Standards
! UMTS FDD (CDMA based)
! UMTS TDD (CDMA based)
! cdma2000 (CDMA based)
! EDGE (TDMA based)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 26

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

UMTS FDD
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency
Division Duplexing Mode
Built onto enhanced GSM core network
Utilises:
! QPSK modulation
! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
! Variable spreading factors and multi-code transmission
! CDMA
! FDD
! Asynchronous operation
Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 27

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

UMTS Compared to GSM

UMTS GSM
Carrier Spacing 5MHz 200kHz
Frequency Reuse 1 1-18
Factor
Power Control 1500Hz 2Hz or lower
Frequency
Quality Control Radio Resource Frequency Planning
Management and Network
algorithms Optimisation
Frequency Diversity 5MHz bandwidth gives Frequency Hopping
multipath diversity with
rake reciever
Packet Data Load Based Packet Time Slot based
Scheduling Scheduling with GPRS

Transmit Diversity Supported to improve Not supported by

downlink capacity standard but may be
applied

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 28

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

UMTS Compared to IS95

UMTS IS-95
Carrier Spacing 5MHz 1.25MHz
Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 1.2288Mcps
Power Control 1500Hz Uplink 800Hz,
Frequency Downlink slow
Base Station No Yes via GPS
Synchronisation
Frequency Inter Yes, slotted mode Possible but
Frequency measurements measurements not
Handovers specified
Packet Data Load Based Packet Packets as short CS
Scheduling calls
Radio Resource Efficient algorithms to Not required for
Management provide QoS speech only
Transmit Diversity Supported to improve Not supported by
downlink capacity standard

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 29

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

UMTS TDD
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency
Division Duplexing Mode
Built onto enhanced GSM core network
Utilises:
! QPSK modulation
! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
! CDMA
! TDD
! Asynchronous operation
Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 30

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

cdma2000
Built onto ANSI-41 core network
Utilises:
! QPSK modulation
! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
! CDMA
! FDD
! Multiple carriers on the downlink to allow compatibility with cdmaOne
! Synchronous operation
Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 31

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

EDGE
Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
! Sometimes called E-GPRS (Enhanced GPRS)
Enhancement to the GSM and TDMA standards
Utlilises:
! 8PSK Modulation
! Possible 1.6MHz carrier under IS-136
! 8 Channel Coding Schemes
! Multiple Timeslots
! TDMA
Data up to rates of 384kbps (typically less)

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 32

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3rd Generation Standards Compared

UMTS FDD UMTS TDD cdma2000 EDGE

Multiple CDMA CDMA CDMA TDMA

Access
Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK 8-PSK
Carrier 5MHz (200kHz 5MHz (200kHz 3.75MHz 200kHz/1.6MHz
raster) raster) UL/1.25MHz DL
Spacing
Frame Length 10ms 10ms 20ms 4.615ms
Slots per 15 15 16 8/16/64
Frame
Multiple Multi-code, Multi-code, multi- Supplemental Multiple channel
Variable slot Channels, Multiple code, multi-slot
Rates Spreading Factor spreading Factors
Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps 3.6868Mcps
Max Data 2Mbps 2Mbps 2Mbps 521/4750kbps
Rate
Synchronous No No Yes Yes
Handover Soft Hard Soft Hard

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 33

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

4th Generation...
Probably 2005-2007
Broadband data rates in excess of
1Mbps
Probably 10MHz+ carriers
...

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 34

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Questions
What is IMT-2000 and why is it related to UMTS?
Why do the American operators want cdma2000 and EDGE?
What is the major difference between UMTS and cdma2000?

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 35

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Session Summary
In this session we have discussed:
! The key goals of IMT-2000
! The drivers for 3rd generation from the regions
! The key industry bodies and their relationships
! The four cellular air interfaces for IMT-2000 are:
" UMTS FDD
" UMTS TDD
" cdma2000
" EDGE

U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview 36