Justice Based on a Natural Function

Humans are generally unequal, with different talents and abilities.

1. Plato REPUBLIC
a. Fulfilent of individual roles
b. Hone talent, achieve maximum potential
c. Intellectual Aristocracy
d. Structure and Hierarchical
e. Condemns democracy workers not fully rational beings
f. GREED: cause of destruction of the Republic due to changing social classes
g. Myth of Metals you cant transfer social class; predestined; RESTRICTIVE

Social Class Part of the Soul Roles Virtue

Philosopher Kings Rational Rule Wisdom
Guardians Spiritual Guard Courage
Workers Appetitive Nourish Temperance

2. Aristotle INEQUALITY POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

a. Man, by nature, is a political animal
i. Believes that man can make political decisions
b. Allows for inequalities
i. Men > Women; due to reproductive work where women cant maximize their
potentials
c. Attaining Ones Potential
d. Through participation in community can you hone your potentials

Justice Based on a Social Contract

Humans are inherently valuable, fundamentally rational, generally equal
If social contract, then justice, better life, common good

1. Hobbes LEVIATHAN
a. State of Nature unrestricted by laws and arguments; origin
i. People are selfish, destructive and unprincipled
ii. Life is nasty, brutish and short
b. Leviathan a strong government that has the power to control and maintain soial order
i. Social order total control of power; unequstionable
c. Social contract willingly entered by everyone
d. People are more similar than different, more equal abilities than unequal

2. Locke RIGHTS; GOVERNMENT THAT CAN BE TAKEN DOWN

a. State of Nature - Free and independent individual
b. We are governed by natural laws
i. God-given rights; inalienable
ii. Concept of divinity
c. Rights
i. Life
 ii. Liberty
iii. Health
iv. Property
1. Right to own your body live freely and happily
2. Right to own property not necessarily equal
3. Right to reap benefits from labor
d. 2 reasons for social contract:
i. More advantages
ii. God-given rights
e. Government as the servant of the people; if the government fails, they can be dismissed
i. Democratic form
f. Branches of Government
i. Legislative create and interpret
ii. Executive implement
iii. Federative peace

3. Rawls VEIL OF IGNORANCE

a. Thought experiment
b. Justice as fairness
i. Primary value of society is justice
ii. Justice is necessarily tied to fairness
c. Problematized: Fair treatment and equal opportunity
d. Veil of Ignorance
i. Every characteristic of who you and in society is hidden to you
e. 2 Principles after his thought experiment VoI:
i. Basic Liberties maximum freedom compatible with the freedom of all
1. Vote and run for position
2. Speech and assembly
3. Thought and conscience
4. Property
5. Arbitrary arrest and seizure
ii. Equal opportunity to seek career and economic opportunities
1. Positions should be open to all: qualification
2. Equal opportunity for education and training
f. Equity
g. Allows for inequalities
h. Best and brightest