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PropellerTerminology
Blade
BladeBack
Suctionside.Forwardsideoftheblade(surfacefacingthebow).
BladeFace
PressureSide,PitchSide.Aftsideoftheblade(surfacefacingthestern).
BladeNumber
Equaltothenumberofbladesonthepropeller.
BladeRoot
Filletarea.Theregionoftransitionfromthebladesurfacesandedgestothehubperiphery.Theareawheretheblade
attachestothehub.
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BladeTip
Maximumreachofthebladefromthecenterofthehub.Separatestheleadingandtrailingedges.
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Cavitation
Cavitation,(whichisoftenconfusedwithventilation),isaphenomaofwatervaporizingorboilingduetotheextreme
reductionofpressureonthebackofthepropellerblade.Manypropellerspartiallycavitateduringnormaloperation,but
excessivecavitationcanresultinphysicaldamagetothepropellersbladesurfaceduetothecollapseofthemicroscopic
bubblesontheblade.Theremaybenumerouscausesofcavitationsuchasincorrectmatchingofpropellerstyleto
application,incorrectpitch,physicaldamagetothebladeedges,etc
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7/10/2015 PropellerTerminology//MichiganWheelMarine
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Cup
Smallradiusofcurvaturelocatedonthetrailingedgeoftheblade.Thiscurvedliponthepropellerbladeincreases
efficiencyinhighspeed/highRPMapplicationswherethepropelleriscavitating.
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Diameter
Diameteristwotimesthedistancefromthecenterofthehubtothetipoftheblade.Itcanalsobelookedatasthedistance
acrossthecirclethatthepropellerwouldmakewhenrotating.Thisisthefirstnumberlistedwhendescribingapropeller.
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Hub
Solidcylinderlocatedatthecenterofthepropeller.Boredtoaccommodatetheshaft.Hubshapesincludecylindrical,
conical,&barreled.
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7/10/2015 PropellerTerminology//MichiganWheelMarine
LeadingEdge
Theedgeofthepropellerbladeadjacenttotheforwardendofthehub.Whenviewingthepropellerfromastern,thisedge
isfurthestaway.Theleadingedgeleadsintotheflowwhenprovidingforwardthrust.
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NonThruHubExhaust
Nonthruhubexhaustpropellersareusedforinboardsusingshaftdrivenpropellers,sterndrivesusingthroughhull
exhaust,andonsomeoutboardsthatdontroutetheexhaustthroughthelowertopedo.
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OverHubExhaust
Overhubexhaustpropellershavethebladesattacheddirectlytothesmallertubethatfitsoverthepropellershaft,
eliminatingthelargerexhausttube.Thesetypesofpropellersareoftenusedforattainingmaximumtopspeeds.(Onsome
boats,theholeshotcansufferduetoextremeexhuastfloodingthatoccursaroundthepropellerbladesduring
acceleration.)
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7/10/2015 PropellerTerminology//MichiganWheelMarine
Over/ThruHubExhaust
Over/Thruhubexhaustpropellersareacombinationofthruhubandoverhubexhaustpropellers.Thisallowssome
exhausttoescapeatlowerRPMs,providingacontrolledamountofexhaustflooding.Thesetypesofpropellerswillallow
thepropellertobeslightlyeasiertoturnduringinitialacceleration,allowingforabetterholeshotonsomeengine/boat
combinations.
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Pitch
Pitchisdefinedasthetheoreticalforwardmovementofapropellerduringonerevolutionassumingthereisno
slippagebetweenthepropellerbladeandthewater.
Pitchisthesecondnumberlistedinthepropellerdescription.
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Radius
Thedistancefromtheaxisofrotationtothebladetip.Theradiusmultipliedbytwoisequaltothediameter.
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Rake
Rakeisthedegreethatthebladesslantforwardorbackwardsinrelationtothehub.Rakecanaffecttheflowofwater
throughthepropeller,andasimplicationswithrespecttoboatperformance.
AftRakehelpstotrimthebowoftheboatupward,whichoftenresultsinlesswettedsurfaceareaandthereforehighertop
endspeed.
Forward,ornegativerake,helpsholdthebowoftheboatdown.Thisismorecommoninworkboattypeapplications.
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Rotation
Whenviewedfromthestern(facingforward):Righthandpropellersrotateclockwisetoprovideforwardthrust.Lefthand
propellersrotatecounterclockwisetoprovideforwardthrust.
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TrailingEdge
Theedgeofthepropelleradjacenttotheaftendofthehub.Whenviewingthepropellerfromastern,thisedgeisclosest.
Thetrailingedgeretreatsfromtheflowwhenprovidingforwardthrust.
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ControllablePitchPropeller
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Thepropellerbladesmountseparatelyonthehub,eachonanaxisofrotation,allowingachangeofpitchintheblades
andthusthepropeller.
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FixedPitchPropeller
Thepropellerbladesarepermanentlymountedanddonotallowachanceinthepropellerpitch.
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ConstantPitchPropeller
Thepropellerbladeshavethesamevalueofpitchfromroottotipandfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
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VariablePitchPropeller
Thepropellerbladeshavesectionsdesignedwithvaryingvaluesoflocalfacepitchonthepitchsideorbladeface.
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ThruHubExhaust
Thruhubexhaustpropellersconsistofaroundbarreltowhichthebladesareattached.Theexhaustpassesthroughthe
barrelandouttheback,withoutmakingcontactwiththepropellerblades.Thisprovidesagood,cleanwaterflowtothe
blades,usuallyresultingingoodaccelerationandholeshot.
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Skew
Thetransversesweepingofabladesuchthatviewingthebladesfromforeoraftshowsanasymmetricalshape.
Aftskewispositiveskew,wherebladessweepinthedirectionoppositeofrotation.
Forwardskewisnegativeskew,wherebladessweepinthesamedirectionasrotation.
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Slip
Slipisthedifferencebetweenactualandtheoreticaltravelofthepropellerbladesthroughwater.Aproperlymatch
propellerwillactuallymoveforwardabout80to90perfectofthetheoreticalpitch.
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Ventilation
Asituationwheresurfaceairorexhaustgasesaredrawnintothepropellerblades.Whenthissituationoccurs,boatspeed
islostandengineRPMclimbsrapidly.Thiscanresultfromexcessivelytightcornering,amotorthatismountedveryhigh
onthetransom,orbyovertrimmingtheengine.
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CylindricalSection
Acrosssectionofabladecutbyacircularcylinderwhosecenterlineisthepropelleraxisofrotation.
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PitchReferenceLine
Referencelineusedtoestablishthegeometricpitchangleforthesection.Thislinemaypassthroughtheleadingand
trailingedgesofthesectionandmaybeequivalenttothechordline.
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GeometricPitchAngle
Theanglebetweenthepitchreferencelineandalineperpendiculartothepropelleraxisofrotation.
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7/10/2015 PropellerTerminology//MichiganWheelMarine
Track
Theabsolutedifferenceoftheactualindividualbladeheightdistributionstotheotherbladeheightdistributions.Alwaysa
positivevalueandrepresentsthespreadbetweentheindividualbladeheightdistributions.
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PropellerTerms
SearchPropellerTerms...
Blade
BladeTip
Cavitation
ConstantPitchPropeller
ControllablePitchPropeller
Cup
CylindricalSection
Diameter
FixedPitchPropeller
GeometricPitchAngle
Hub
LeadingEdge
NonThruHubExhaust
OverHubExhaust
Over/ThruHubExhaust
Pitch
PitchReferenceLine
Radius
Rake
Rotation
Skew
Slip
ThruHubExhaust
Track
TrailingEdge
VariablePitchPropeller
Ventilation
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