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1
.into two new daughter cells
Cell divides to repair,grow, or reproduce.2
In Asexual reproduction parent and offspring .3
are identical
Most prokaryotes contain a single circular .4
chromosome
The DNA is wrapped around proteins called .5
histones
The DNA is coiled into an entangled fibrous mass .6
called chromatin
The cell cycle is a series of events cells go .7
through as they grow and divide
The phases of the cell cycle include Interphase .8
and cell division
Interphase is divided into 3 stages which are .9
G1,S, and G2
In G1 cells increase in size and make new .10
.proteins and organelles
In S replication (copying) of chromosomes takes.11
place
Cell division includes Mitosis and cytokinesis.12
In the Metaphase chromosomes line up across .13
the center of the cell
In the anaphase Sister chromatids separates.14
In Telophase nuclear envelope reform.15
Meiosis is a process in which the number of .16
chromosomes per cell is divided in half
Formation of gametes (sex cells) takes place .17
through meiosis
Gametes have half the number of chromosomes.18
as their parent cells so they are called haploid
Gametes are genetically different from the .19
parent cell and from one another
The chromatids of homologous chromosomes .20
exchange pieces of DNA, in a process called
crossing over
In Metaphase 1 homologous pairs line up in .21
the center of the cell
Cyclins are a group of proteins that regulate .22
the timing of the cell cycle
A cell may die by accident or apoptosis.23
Heterozygous have two different alleles for .24
the trait
Punnett square are diagrams that model .25
genetic crosses
Blood type is an example of a trait which is .26
controlled by multiple alleles
Traits which are controlled by many genes are .27
known as polygenic
In codominance both alleles appear as a part .28
of the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring
Write the scientific term
Allow the cycle to proceed only when certain .1
events have occurred in the cell itself (Internal
regulators)
Directs the cell to speed up or slow down the cell .2
cycle in response to events outside the cell
(External regulators)
Is the type of reproduction that involves one .3
parent (Asexual reproduction)
Is the type of reproduction that involves two .4
parents (sexual reproduction)
Is the divion of the nucleus (Mitosis).5
Is the division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).6
Is the phase in which the nuclear envelope .7
breaks down (prophase)
Is the phase in which the chromosomes condense.8
and become visible (prophase)
Is the passing of physical characteristics from .9
parents to offspring (Heredity)
Egg and sperm joining (Fertilization).10
Factors that control a trait (Genes).11
Is one whose trait always shows up in the .12
organism when the allele is present (dominant)
Is hidden whenever the dominant allele is .13
present (recessive)
Is the physical appearance, or visible traits .14
(phenotype)
Is the genetic makeup, or allele combinates .15
(genotype)
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a .16
particular trait (homozygous)
Organisms that have two different alleles for the.17
same trait (heterozygous)
The movement of a pollen from the stamen to .18
the pistil (pollination)
Cell division that functions in the growth and .19
repair of body cells (Mitosis)
Cell division that produces 2 genetically .20
identical daughter cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cell (Mitosis)
Cell division that only occurs in sexually .21
reproducing organisms. Produces gametes with
half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
(Meiosis)
A replicated chromosome consists of 2 of these, .22
where one is an exact copy of the other
(chromatids)
Specialized region that holds the two sister .23
chromatids together (centromere)
Connects the centromere to the centrosome .24
during cell division (spindle fibers)
The stage of the cell cycle in which G1,S, and .25
G2 takes place (interphase)
In this phase of mitosis, chromosomes replicate .26
in preparation for cell division (s(interphase))
In this phase of mitosis, strands of .27
chromosomes begin to condense and become
visible for the first time (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, spindle fibers begin to .28
form in the cytoplasm, extending from one
centrosome to the other (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, the nuclear membrane .29
begins to disintegrate (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up .30
single file located in the middle (metaphase)
In this stage of mitosis, the centromeres of each .31
chromosome separate, and spindle fibers start to
pull the sister chromatids apart (anaphase)
In this stage of mitosis the nuclear membrane .32
reform (telophase)
Division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).33
During this stage of meiosis 1, chromosomes .34
pair up with their homologue (prophase 1)
During this stage of meiosis 1, homologous .35
chromatids exchange genetic material (prophase
1)
Choose the correct answer
Questions 1-3
Refer to the following phases of meiosis
A.Anaphase 1
b.Prophase 1
c.Anaphase 2
d.Prophase 2
e.Metaphase 1
Crossing over occurs in this phase (prophase 1).1
Homologous chromosomes separate in this .2
phase (anaphase 1)
Sister chromatids separate in this phase .3
(anaphase 2)
A.5,3,1,2,4
b.3,1,4,2,5
c.4,1,2,5,3
d.2,3,1,5,4
in meiosis, if the parent cells have 40 .38
chromosomes, then how many will the daughter
?cells have
a.40
b.10
c.20
d.18
Write the correct letter label for the following .39
types of DNA