Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides .

1
.into two new daughter cells
Cell divides to repair,grow, or reproduce.2
In Asexual reproduction parent and offspring .3
are identical
Most prokaryotes contain a single circular .4
chromosome
The DNA is wrapped around proteins called .5
histones
The DNA is coiled into an entangled fibrous mass .6
called chromatin
The cell cycle is a series of events cells go .7
through as they grow and divide
The phases of the cell cycle include Interphase .8
and cell division
Interphase is divided into 3 stages which are .9
G1,S, and G2
In G1 cells increase in size and make new .10
.proteins and organelles
In S replication (copying) of chromosomes takes.11
place
Cell division includes Mitosis and cytokinesis.12
In the Metaphase chromosomes line up across .13
the center of the cell
In the anaphase Sister chromatids separates.14
In Telophase nuclear envelope reform.15
Meiosis is a process in which the number of .16
chromosomes per cell is divided in half
Formation of gametes (sex cells) takes place .17
through meiosis
Gametes have half the number of chromosomes.18
as their parent cells so they are called haploid
Gametes are genetically different from the .19
parent cell and from one another
The chromatids of homologous chromosomes .20
exchange pieces of DNA, in a process called
crossing over
In Metaphase 1 homologous pairs line up in .21
the center of the cell
Cyclins are a group of proteins that regulate .22
the timing of the cell cycle
A cell may die by accident or apoptosis.23
Heterozygous have two different alleles for .24
the trait
Punnett square are diagrams that model .25
genetic crosses
Blood type is an example of a trait which is .26
controlled by multiple alleles
Traits which are controlled by many genes are .27
known as polygenic
In codominance both alleles appear as a part .28
of the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring
Write the scientific term
Allow the cycle to proceed only when certain .1
events have occurred in the cell itself (Internal
regulators)
Directs the cell to speed up or slow down the cell .2
cycle in response to events outside the cell
(External regulators)
Is the type of reproduction that involves one .3
parent (Asexual reproduction)
Is the type of reproduction that involves two .4
parents (sexual reproduction)
Is the divion of the nucleus (Mitosis).5
Is the division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).6
Is the phase in which the nuclear envelope .7
breaks down (prophase)
Is the phase in which the chromosomes condense.8
and become visible (prophase)
Is the passing of physical characteristics from .9
parents to offspring (Heredity)
Egg and sperm joining (Fertilization).10
Factors that control a trait (Genes).11
Is one whose trait always shows up in the .12
organism when the allele is present (dominant)
Is hidden whenever the dominant allele is .13
present (recessive)
Is the physical appearance, or visible traits .14
(phenotype)
Is the genetic makeup, or allele combinates .15
(genotype)
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a .16
particular trait (homozygous)
Organisms that have two different alleles for the.17
same trait (heterozygous)
The movement of a pollen from the stamen to .18
the pistil (pollination)
Cell division that functions in the growth and .19
repair of body cells (Mitosis)
Cell division that produces 2 genetically .20
identical daughter cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cell (Mitosis)
Cell division that only occurs in sexually .21
reproducing organisms. Produces gametes with
half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
(Meiosis)
A replicated chromosome consists of 2 of these, .22
where one is an exact copy of the other
(chromatids)
Specialized region that holds the two sister .23
chromatids together (centromere)
Connects the centromere to the centrosome .24
during cell division (spindle fibers)
The stage of the cell cycle in which G1,S, and .25
G2 takes place (interphase)
In this phase of mitosis, chromosomes replicate .26
in preparation for cell division (s(interphase))
In this phase of mitosis, strands of .27
chromosomes begin to condense and become
visible for the first time (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, spindle fibers begin to .28
form in the cytoplasm, extending from one
centrosome to the other (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, the nuclear membrane .29
begins to disintegrate (prophase)
In this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up .30
single file located in the middle (metaphase)
In this stage of mitosis, the centromeres of each .31
chromosome separate, and spindle fibers start to
pull the sister chromatids apart (anaphase)
In this stage of mitosis the nuclear membrane .32
reform (telophase)
Division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).33
During this stage of meiosis 1, chromosomes .34
pair up with their homologue (prophase 1)
During this stage of meiosis 1, homologous .35
chromatids exchange genetic material (prophase
1)
Choose the correct answer
Questions 1-3
Refer to the following phases of meiosis
A.Anaphase 1
b.Prophase 1
c.Anaphase 2
d.Prophase 2
e.Metaphase 1
Crossing over occurs in this phase (prophase 1).1
Homologous chromosomes separate in this .2
phase (anaphase 1)
Sister chromatids separate in this phase .3
(anaphase 2)

A somatic cell of the common octopus (octopus .4

vulgaris) has 56 chromosomes, what number of
?chromosomes will an octopus gamete contain
a.14
b.28
c.56
d.112
e.168

during which phase of mitosis do the .5

?centromeres split
a.anaphase
b.cytokinesis
c.metaphase
d.prophase
e.telophase
in which phase of cell cycle does DNA replication .6
?take place
a.G0
B.G1
C.G2
D.M
E.S
in meiosis, at which stage does crossing over .7
?occur
A.prophase 1
b.prophase 2
c.metaphase 1
d.metaphase 2
e.telophase 1

The diagram represents the cell cycle .8

Compared to a cell in the g1 phase, a cell in the g2

phase has
A.twice as much DNA
b.half as much DNA
c.Twich as many chromosomes
A cell contains multiple nuclei with identical .9
genetic information. This cell most likely formed by
going through
a.multiple rounds of mitosis, but no
cytokinesis
b.multiple rounds of the m phase, but no rounds of
the s phase
c.multiple rounds of cytokinesis, but no rounds of
mitosis
d.mutliple rounds of the cell cycle, but no rounds of
mitosis
e.multiple rounds of the s phase, but no other
phases of the cell cycle

What is the correct sequence of these events in .10

?the cell cycle
Nuclear membrane dissolves.1
cell size increases.2
Two daughter cells form.3
DNA replicates.4
A.1,4,2,3
b.1,4,3,2
c.2,1,4,3
d.2,4,1,3
e.4,2,3,1
At which stage in meiosis are sister chromatids .11
?of each chromosome identical
beginning of prophase 1.1
beginning of metaphase 1.2
end of telophase 1.3
a.1 only
b.2 only
c.3 only
d.1 and 3
e.2 and 3

which of the following statements about meiosis .12

?is correct
a.the result of meiosis is a zygote
b.only somatic cells undergo meiosis
c.meiosis restores the original diploid condition of a
population
d.meiosis typically results in genetic
variation among the gametes produced
e.the products of meiosis are always four cells
identical to the parent cell
an animal organism with a diploid number of .13
chromosomes equal to 30 would normally
a.not be able to undergo meiosis because gametes
would end up with an odd number of chromosomes
b.produce two gametes with 30 chromsomes each
during meiosis
c.produce four gametes with 30 chromosomes
each during meiosis
d.produce two gametes with 15 chromosomes each
during meiosis
e.produce four gametes with 15
chromosomes each during meiosis

Identify the correct eukaryotic cell cycle.14

a.g1 to s to g2 to m to cytokinesis
b.g1 to g2 to m to s to mitosis
c.g1 to g2 to s to m to karyokinesis
d.s to g1 to g2 to m to cytokinesis
e.g2 to m to s to g1 to cytokinesis
which of the following stages of the cell cycle .15
?occurs immediately prior to mitosis
a.g1
b.g2
c.s
d.m
e.cytokinesis
Questions 16-18 refer to the following choices,
decide which best matches the descriptions below
a.Interphase
b.Prophase
c.Metaphase
D.ana phase
E.telophase
chromsomes replicate (interphase).16
cytokinesis begins (telophase).17
chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of .18
the cell (anaphase)
the proteins around which human DNA is wound .19
are
A.cyclins
b.cyclin-dependent kinases
c.histones
d.heat-shock proteins
e.g proteins
During which phase of the meiotic cell cycle .20
?does DNA replication occur
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
?when does crossover take place in meiosis.21
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase

during which phase of meiosis does the nuclear .22

?membrane reform around chromosomes
a.interphase
b.prophase 1
c.metaphase 2
d.anaphase 1
e.telophase 2
a human cell containing 22 autosomes and a y .23
chromosome is
a. a somatic cell of a male
b. a zygote
c. a somatic cell of a female
d. a sperm cell
e. an ovum
homologous chromosomes move towards .24
opposite poles of a dividing cell during
a.mitosis
b.meiosis 1
c.meiosis 2
d.fertilization
e.binary fission

meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis in that.25

a.homologous chromosomes synapse
b.DNA replicates before the division
c.the daughter cells are diploid
d.sister chromatids separate during
anaphase
e.the chromosome number is reduced
metaphase of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 differ in .26
that
a.chromosomes line up at the equator
b.homologues line up in meiosis 1 and
duplicated chromosomes line up in meiosis 2
c.sister chromatids line up in meiosis 1 and
chromosomes line up in meiosis 2
d.there are the same number of chromosomes
Asexually reproducing organisms produce .27
offspring that are genetically identical to each
other and to the parents, what type of cell division
?are the offspring a product of
A.mitosis
b.meiosis (both a and c are
correct answers)
c.binary fission
d.fertilization
at which stage of meiosis do chromatids .28
?separate and become daughter chromosomes
a.metaphase 1
b.anaphase 1
c.metaphase 2
d.anaphase 2
e.telophase 2
the process in which haploid gametes are .29
formed in diploid organisms is called
a.cytokinesis
b.interphase
c.meiosis
d.mitosis
e.nuclear divison
the fertilized egg (zygote) of a human contains .30
?how many chromosomes
a.1
b.22
c.46
d.23
e.48
which cells of the human body are made .31
?through the process of meiosis
a.gametes
b.somatic cells
c.all cells of the body
d.cells of the nervous
system
which 2 cells would be more genetically similar .32
?to each other
a.two gametes produced by the same person
b.two somatic cells produced by the same
person
c.two eggs produced by the same woman
d.two sperm produced by the same man
if a diploid organism has a genome consisting of .33
22 chromsomes, its gametes will have
..chromosomes
a.44
b.11
c.22
d.88
e.19
when does DNA replication occur during .34
?meiosis
a.interphase 1
b.prophase 1
c.interphase 2
d.prophase 2
e.interphase 1 and 2

?which of the following is a phase of mitosis.35

a.cytokinesis
b.interphase
c.prophase
d.s phase
if the parent cell starts out with 24 chromosome .36
and undergoes mitosis, then how many will the
?daughter cells have
a.48
b.12
c.5
d.24
put the following stages in the cell cycle in .37
order

A.5,3,1,2,4
b.3,1,4,2,5
c.4,1,2,5,3
d.2,3,1,5,4
in meiosis, if the parent cells have 40 .38
chromosomes, then how many will the daughter
?cells have
a.40
b.10
c.20
d.18
Write the correct letter label for the following .39
types of DNA

a.DNA double helix: E

b.Chromatid: A
c.chromosome: F
d.Centromere: B
40.The cell spendsof its time in interphase
a.10%
b.40%
c.70%
d.90%
41.The first recorded scientific study of genetics
was done by
a.Egor Mendeleeve
b.Father George Nendel
c.Gregor Mendel
d.Ivan Manel
42.Punnett squares show the possibleof
offspring
a.genotypes
b.number of chromosomes
c.DNA sequence
d.letters of a sequence
43.The phenotype displayscharacteristivs
a.chemical
b.dominant
c.recessive
d.physical

44.when a dominant allele is present the offspring

will show..characteristics
a.recessive
b.dominant
c.homozygous
d.heterozygous
45.Cancelled
46..is an organism's genetic makeup working
behind the scenes
a.phenotype
b.genetics
c.genotype
d.gene
47.cancelled
48.a dominant gene usually shows itself over a
a.homozygous gene
b.heterozygous gene
c.recessive gene
d.sex-linked trait
49.cancelled

50.the actual transmission of the physical qualities

we receive from our parents, and pass on to our
offspring, and the law by which living beings tend
to repeat characteristics from one generation to
the next is called
a.physiology
b.breeding
c.inheritance
d.heredity
51.in incomplete dominance one trait will be
expressed
a.true
b.false
52.if the two alleles for one gene are the same (pp
or PP) the person is said to be . For the trait
a.homozygous
b.heterozygous
c.oozygous
d.non-fertile
53.if a heterozygous (Ee) parent is crossed with a
homozygous dominant (EE) parent with brown eyes
and brown eyes are dominant and blue eyes being
recessive, what are the offspring percentages?
a.100% brown eyes
b.50% brown eyes, 50% blue eyes
c.100% blue eyes
d.75% blue eyes, 25% brown eyes
54.the genotypes expressed in percentages of the
offsprings from a cross between a homozygous
dominant (WW) parent for white hair with a
homozygous recessive(ww) parent for yellow hair
would be
a.75% white hair, 25% yellow hair
b.100% white hair
c.100% yellow hair
d.75% yellow hair, 25% yellow hair