Appendix A

TERMS DEFINITIONS

Lobster Clasp A lobster clasp, also known as a lobster hook,

or bocklebee clasp, is a fastener that is held
closed by a spring. The lobster clasp is
opened or closed by holding a small lever,
usually with a fingernail, long enough to
apply, then it is attached (or removed from) a
short link-chain or a ring-like structure.

Bar Instrument that is attached to the clasp for the

security of keeping the necklace connected.

Jump Ring A wire ring made by bringing the two ends

together without soldering or welding.

Gauge A gauge is the thickness of something,

especially metal or wire.

Bead A small piece of glass, stone, or similar

material, typically rounded and perforated for
threading with others as a necklace or rosary
or for sewing onto fabric

Precious Metals A precious metal is a rare, naturally occurring

metallic chemical element of high economic
value. Chemically, the precious metals tend
to be less reactive than most elements (see
noble metal). Gold, silver, platinum, etc.

Base Metals A common metal not considered precious,

such as copper, brass, German-style,
stainless steel, tin, or zinc.

Measuring Ascertain the size, amount, or degree of

(something) by using an instrument or device
marked in standard units or by comparing it
with an object of known size.

Drilling Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit

to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid
materials

Soldering Any of various alloys fused and applied to the

joint between metal objects to unite them
 without heating the objects to the melting
point.

Annealing Heat (metal or glass) and allow it to cool

slowly, in order to remove internal stresses
and toughen it.

Ferrous Metals They have small amounts of other metals or

elements added, to give the required
properties. Ferrous Metals are magnetic and
give little resistance to corrosion. Some
examples of the ferrous metals we deal with:
Vehicle scrap metal.

Firescale Firescale, also known as firestain, is a layer

of oxides that forms on the surface of metals
when heated, as by a blacksmith heating a
tool.

Flux Flux (derived from Latin fluxus meaning

flow) is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing
agent, or purifying agent.

Plating Solution Plating is a surface covering in which a metal

is deposited on a conductive surface. Plating
has been done for hundreds of years; it is
also critical for modern technology.

Caged Bead Wire wrap a bead in a swirl style.

Pendant a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain

worn around the neck.

Celtic Knot Represents infinity and eternity because

Celtic knots do not contain beginnings or
ends. Two of the most commonly recognized
knots are the Celtic Cross and the Trinity
Knot. Symmetric designs.

The placement of forms, shapes, colors, and

Composition light and dark areas in a work of art. Artists
use composition to direct the viewer's eye to
the most important elements of a work of art.

Design The organization of line, form, color, value,

texture and space in an eye-pleasing
arrangement.
Proportion The relationship of one object to another in
size, shape, number or degree.

Context A set of interrelated conditions (such as

social, economic, political) in the visual arts
that influence and give meaning to the
development and reception of thoughts,
ideas, or concepts and that define specific
cultures and eras.

Geometric Shapes and forms related to mathematical

principles. Geometric shapes include circles,
squares, rectangles, triangles and ellipses.
Geometric forms include cones, cubes,
cylinders, slabs, pyramids and spheres.

Functional Having a special purpose.

Sculpture A statue or 3-D work of art.

Texture The way something feels to the touch.

Texture can be real, as in the smoothness of
a bronze sculpture, or the bumpiness of thick
oil paint on a canvas. Texture can also be
implied or imagined, as in painted illusions of
the softness of a kitten's fur, or the prickly
quality of hay.

Value The measurement of light and darkness in a

work of art

Appendix B
ESSENTIAL TOOLS:
Wire: Copper, brass, stainless steel, etc.

Wire gauge size chart.

Wire gauge size measuring tool.

Wire Cutters

Long nylon jawed flat-nose pliers

Nylon jawed flat-nose pliers

One clasp for this project.

A roll of wire.

Utilizing a wig jig to establish a pattern.

How the Celtic Knot design should look

This will be the wire that goes through the bead. Straightened with nylon-jawed flat nose pliers.
Use round nose pliers to make a loop at the end of the wire.
Caged Bead Instructions

Straighten a 6in-8in wire.

Curl inside till the mid point of the wire. Do the same to the other end, but curve facing the
opposite side. See images below for further reference.

Push the center outwards of each swirl.

Bend at the halfway point to have both centers of the swirls aligned.
Grab a straight piece of wire and make a loop at one end.
Place the bead inside the caged wire.
Appendix C

Asilversmith'sworkcanonlybeasgoodastheconditionofhis/hertools.Itstandstoreason,then,that
toolsshouldnotberegardedlightly.Greatcareshouldbetakeninchoosingyourpurchaseandin
maintainingtheircondition.

Observingtolerance.Chooseyourtoolsforthespecificreasontheyweremadeandneverusethem
beyondtheirtolerancelevel.Inotherwords,donotuseyourpliersinsituationsthatrequiremore
pressurethanthetoolcanhandle.

Comfortablehandling.Holdthepliersinyourhandandfeelhowitfitsintoyourpalm.Thisshouldbe
comfortabletothesizeofyourhands.Apersonwithbighandswillfinditawkwardworkingwith
short-handledpliers.Anoptiontoconsideristoolswithplastic-dippedhandles.Thesecanprovide
comfortableworkforhours.

Tensionsprings.Mostpliersaredesignedwithadouble-orsingle-leaftensionspring.Therearepliers
availablewithoutsprings;however,excellenttraininggoesalongwayintheproperhandlingofsuch
tools.Forthoseunfamiliarwiththecorrectwaytoholdspringlesspliers,springswilladdergonomic
comfortandresistancecontroltotheirpliers.

Precisiontips.Ensurethatthejawsofthepliersmeetpreciselyandevenly,andgripandholdanobject
securely.Somepliersaredesignedwithparallel-actionjaws.Suchplierswillcontinuetoholdanobject,
evenaroundone,securelyunderincreasingpressurewithoutlettingitslipforwards.Anotherdesignis
ofplierswithonesmoothsteeljawandoneflatnylon-coveredjaw.Thisisanadditionalprecautionfor
avoidingmarringmetalwhenforming,however,itisnotessential.

Jawlength.Short-nosedpliersaremoresuitabletoworkingonasmallscale.Long-nosedpliersare
moresuitabletobendingsilversheet,asthelongerthenose,thegreaterthereachandthelongerthe
bend.

Tipsize.Plierscomeindifferenttipsizes.Considertheslimlinefine-tippedpliersfordelicate,detailed
workthatcannotbedonewiththeheavier,widertipsizemoresuitabletofabricatingandrepairing.

Pliersmetal.Therearetwooptionsavailable,stainlesssteelandhardenedtoolsteelpliers.Stainless
steelisrustresistant,offeringareasonablebenchlife.However,thesurfaceconditionofthenosehas
tobemonitoredandmaintainedasneededasitwilleventuallystartshowingnicks.Stainlesssteel
plierscannotbeforged.

Hardenedtoolsteelisthepreferredmetalforpliersasitisthehardest,strongest,andlongest-lasting
materialforpliers.Thesepliersareforgedfordurability.Workdonewiththesepliersrequiresless
finishingasthenoseisnotpronetonickingwithnormaluse,thereforeproducingcleanerwork.A
majordrawback,though,isthatthehardenedtoolsteelpliersarepronetorusting.However,taking
goodcareofyourpliers,notexposingthemtomoisture,keepingthemlubricated,andwipingthem
occasionallywitharustinhibitorlikeCosmolineorWD-40,candealwiththisproblem.

Tipsoncaringforyourtools:Beforeusingbrandnewtoolsforthefirsttime,agoodprecautionisto
preparethetoolsfirst.Thisisdonebyusingafinesandingsticktosoftentheedgesofthepliers'nose.
Asecondstepistoshineupthesurfaceofthenosethatwillbemakingcontactwiththejewelrymetal.
Thereasonforthesetwoimportantstepsistoensurethatnewtoolsdonotaccidentallyleavemarks
onthesilverduringthefabricationprocess.LizKuhn,G.G.

- https://www.interweave.com/article/jewelry/jewelry-tools-are-your-friends-choosing-and-caring-f
or-your-pliers/