. Q Preative Mellteds fe Lineay Systems Conriden 0 Vine Sy shame of “ eqytactions vote n varialoles Oy Hy 4 Aine 4 Org Ap torre te Am Mn = b, . OX AG 4 %a%Bt--7 Ten = b, Ag, %y +t Sor %e a2 %e t-- 77 t Fan%m = bs. Lb _seay . ‘ \ ‘ x . . ‘ ----- ‘ ‘ : \ ‘ , Oxy My + Ana Xa + Ons Xt ot Fan Mn = &,. wi xeal constonts a’s, k bs. We can waite the System 4) also as in meta'x fom Ax =& wik =A (5) 3 type hay, 0 b= &) 7p Ye Venn 7 en oe Guy 7 Jevten Ven* pnothe noteartien of Qime ont System a) ks Om t AjaMtont Bere too F Aja = & : Lyfe Wy2y--ny 0. SDerwrnio: Cdisaenallyy Dominant) + A smocked A x Awrennten NaN is satd to be arickly dociaceak diagonal, dominant provided wat \o53 \ > laylasst logge lt lajjelt--- + lap 2 jeutaN which means hak m each fKow of he yaaksix, te vnagaitnde. oy Ue diqagnad Conggicrent ancl be greater War Sum at te magnitudes og We Olhew Coefficients wn the( Same) Aw.Combe: Loroider the Ayaan of equsctions (tine) un - yr 2 a hn — By + 2=-2 tet 4 +S%= 1S. We ean see Wak aul > Lant* asl > tly leet. lanl > lanl + last = \-s}> lala. \a,\ > lanl + 1 at => isl > ela tl. (gee ie the Dyokew f Lined Ay sine ts stevie) Aiogonally dominant. Reraaex : Ke goven, Mine aystem ean bee wade diagorally, dominant , Ne ik is wok alvend 4 5 tea wt ecclramaing We eqnoctions in te Vea || eke .Conard, lie Linea Sytem : a). re Oy 4 Bja%atrr + Big Mt T Ain My = by > Deby N- Ww ce) x lek wa kik point be | @ Rte tO oe 2 Gre Fn tud Whe t b cen) fe ROL ail mext pent is B= ea , ye % Nhe Auperserpt CK) om the Loovdlinaden * PA malades Us to idenking We coordinates Wha Loohona, “to tis poiet The apo \becactions one. defined “4 . oe ck) (x) (eet) . %) a = M5 OEY = oi Go — Bes Mer —n MH Aaj J JEP On (en) i 7 t= ale — Ogee: b :Come, lonnide Wee Utneav System Gx - 4 ae — 4). hae ey t+ z= -21 ~dn + { +S2= 15 Use Taccdsi ikecoction welled +o finch Gee Qotuctin of tke Fv Snead sy tum wille shanting. pont ey, 2) ad a, 2,2) . fy skew (4) can be writen a9 A Ne equocion Mw a= tthr 4 = Arbre? bg 2= \S + Ux—-¥ Ss We Cow waite acobi becadions aod i) Meat) ce) Ae = t+ t -—= q we _ w+ yey ce —> (2) =z ks 9 298-4). Geet) Zz —Location: L (neo): oe 4 (4+ W- 2) 4 (442-2) = \.46 - Pos Gishes 2) 2.1 (a4 40) 42)= 6 = 3-348 0) ©) oy) _ 4 = y= LOs42¢ -¥ ) = bOs+ 20 2). = 3.00. Abus "4°, 2) = Crs, 3335, 3). Vaan: 2 (met) oe £4 e- #) = 4G 43-315 — 3) ae. = 3437S y= £ (44h) 43) = 3.84. We. (is + 2(-95)—- 3-399) = 3-025 s Continuing, its wo we Tal act : Ga) eo Yt, 2”) = C 2,4, >), Ananser .Sropmsg cerreeia Clowerynce): \ measuve “4 lie Closenerr between peiwts is Needed Av Wat we can detewwine \ tte Sequence 2 SR. % Comvexqing to te notution &P f We Di ebetacy tyson. We wre Gun Noms : S) Zuetidern Mew » Suppose Wak x LY me lwo poms wm N- dimensional Apace . We deine Euclidean mewn os a dichwee between YA Yao: op a 2 a \ \ ae nt \, 7 (ia-w a Nar) an a (tne ant ) . 2) Q yor ~ WA = 2 2) Qo nom» hus the, Hoping critaia fo Me Jacclei’s keaton vena be defined ar: 4). xe ery, TOL. volt see Care ; oe) teen Dt Le wm. Note; Suclideww Wa prep mg cxlewia bs Lonputotionaly eapennive- Awe the hetommended exiteia bs Qy— were. Ge) (3) a Ie-x hl, STH: = PR he STOPIMG CUTEUIA Could BE \ ea ae Ke) OY) will? he = ll iz Ds cen) txt wile op propwake. mov de i, Well, ov Well,Gyrvss- Sewer Treeanon Meihed : Card ne bmeav Aysten Aji t 2% to YE MEH OF Ana = by Bo pelea en he Gauss - Berdef itecadrons sue. eprned & (er) eed cD - . stb ao % bj — ~ Yijv"Fa By itn Gri c*) = Span | y jenny n. wide — Lonridew the Syme ot squactions bn - Qt z =}. -2R +yts2 = \S- —7 G). ya- ty rea? Bet hs we am Bosxve that (Wes, aw py dom A) ic vet diagonally. dominan> . [al Vale lal. Ar. Ke O,1,2,3,---We can walte the sytem (ay diagonally dominawh 4 iateccbromep net geond h, thivd equoctions on ua - qt 2= F. Dd aie —7 2) “2x4 4 t Se = \S. Whidr ts now diagonally dominon We soto <2) Can now be writer an: sl atin 2 | {= z[ athe ee | z= gfern ty, We cau wAite Gauss- Cerde® eationg 40 - rae -+{ 4+ ~ ~ $°| wat) ¥ es bY as gle ~ \\ Cert) 2 SS [ IS 2 ae Cent) eL tee — Gd. dor. Ke O,1,2,3,---5 , . 5 © “ Growing, with (a! 74, Me Cu2,2), Vheadion-| (neo) : a) 0) nx = 4 Cte P-P)= EG er) = (5, wo “Oo ) fee +@ + 4se 2 d= £0! +4 UAC4 2) = 3-48 a) pon\e ow ' z= L ( IS-2x — a) Gs 2(-4S) 3-45) = 2-98 Gwilacly Conk mui. this wart , we finadly ge : (2°, 2°) - (2,4 , 3) Remmete @ Ganss - Seided melted Converge faster a _ ar he ecotet's mmellaod . @ Same. Hops cxitecta wuld be uced fer Gamss Ceidel Method,Qe Marte Nota TONs we wate G)™ We gehen a “wm : Le Ti ae ee DO Xa gone xed wwakiig “Tonk yecken cn ara he eyotum Ya- 4 +t +. Can be wiittaw 0 * 0 My % wy 4 =|-% ° Yq 4 + +2y, coa3 Cullen ma man mmeliix A Caw be vow then a9 : Ay 2 >> A, Gm - \ \ aA Aan > Qa ww Orn aun 3 0 O-- _.. 0 _ -O,, 8 ~ eee O On, 4s) o& whee D vw tee dicspne) matrix whose dtegped entciea ave hose ef A, -L be te sticky Jewer triowguley yet of A wd —U be the Steck) uppee Ariane gant of A. a Aye € Caw ve Waiter 4 * (-- Os = © pee Uae * ‘. hoe S(vrvyk* Bib. —7) voll ~u-- O Yan ° y S . 0 @u-77 ° \ 1 . 1 \ 0 i -- WauAas cesults iw the omodvix Row * Te Sacots thaakios ao: a) 7) x _ 5(L+e) yx -\ Db Le elt Pr" 7K 74770 Let A St Go but) A @ypeP Then (4) Can be written 99: ¥) vey Pe Zag TO oC y ‘keakion Melled - is a Matix whee J ool Tacei Gs.& , Soild Gauss - Seidel metliad can be. waikon ar Pap set -Z07 +5] L+@), ma Age t. (p-L-vy% = & (D-L)K = UR +E. ud Xe “lous clo (pL) UX 4+ b-L)b& which Wa Can a us g Gass Seidel ih ecackions 0s re® 2 VRP AOU E, Bai eo Lek %- ove Re w= OE aac * a Aeptentats Gaues —Serdeh melod Wen G4) Com Kowal be waiter a9:vaoe) Zuen => R= gk + Sy > ©). tlohae 14 = (p-L5. V is ven eingular pe au + oO, y Pedro Nhe spec poduss, denoted by SCA), Of & (waxsiy AK « de ined SA: SA) = wand wae > Is erg value(s) “6 A. Nete: ¢ ne xed Irlern & " pews Wen (dl = See : Spole: The chrovackeistic Payromied of y 08 2 Kelo uv -\ ape he maharyeyon) = dek(A-aT) = N-3BN+6d-4 1-3 6 <4 = LAD ON 2044) \ 1 +2 \\ pO Voss f pO=e ane . pel, \4aNBe, \- See. Aue UYebe eo > SO) = wer\rl | 8@ | [eS = at (Tremm:): _ Resour: " Nie an men wadtin, then ——T a iy WAY = US Cy BOR) & WAU 5 for omg orm We., DEEN. Ang. Matix A of be seonveagent, ) N¢ \we Os ko ® fet 4 |, ode MXN =0 y Wow N 7 Yu ° \ ; AP % OY An mora) V ‘s q ee (») is Said +o ; t b) BN Yun,. Te wabyix C\nestan: g A is Comeau matsiy , = ge 84) < }- Paes (See Re Bok. Burden s Caves). a Ona iy te spect Ka duns SCA) eadkd’s Cin —~_T7 BW LE. Then C- A)! exists andl Gow = Take Rene 2 SM, 4 Riot: ( See te Book: Burden \ Paves ) . ree e hie coweyank emnakr x , te ee N x _ ii fOr new and g CA) Peeiees (shoe (oun) ._ lucoeem (Genceed Convearyence Weerem fo Vhecative. sete) 3 = ee z i Yo wel. ue gdutieon Canvey o> ko the ua} age ‘ge Ly a8 ony fF) S(T)< 1. hak be Fst Aappre- scr) < *- =>) SK) wd on yl 2 Tk Loader? = res x ye xe me ln HD = G-He-F koro o > =) Conv exr| 20 fo X., Mus, the Beanence 3% c. 1 Ve he cr-1e G-T)* = ¢ Ko- TH +e. Cones TH pe SOLS. Broce THAT Conger he THRE. @lek % be an acbi brant Neeto . Define on X- az. Meo Concidec : z HO (TREY = ( TROPRE = TEE xe") = v [ire - ce rom . a a= Tx _ ex”) \ \ Ke XY 2 7* (x _ %) 4- YO = see ks S08 is Convecgent wnatri x , Maus. law = Lie x a xe) Koo gore . Law es = 0 wre ws +" is a Convex qunt mati x . “oowgee g(t) < 1.; @ Teten: Ip A q WECLEM + i i jas : ett t sticky A ara, dominant, Www aud ond choice f YO, boll STacalev amd Gouss- Seidel metleds give Sequences Set hat Conver qe. to the unique olution of We Sy skew AX =k. te: (See Ge otk: Ocrega Sas Num ecical analysis, a Second course | New Nov 1942.)SOR Metusd Suppsse x eR ig an appinkenaction sto hy Sluhin of ke, Sy stem AX SE. hen xesidual encox Neetor Lor X¥ Ws defined a a ee Ae ee t) \t a = (AL, 4 2 ra pore Ani doncte Ui Aesidual veetor a ti, Gauss Seadet ameMe ad Covreapend wet +o apyrorimake Ostution vector ZO x; defined it we) ” oe). ce) . » ee) a4 . x = Koy Bry crc Mie ME? eo!) . Naw he wilt Compontact of ‘K. \s tet “) ed £ lo — On %j esl Onnj % ‘ aK Mi Mt jie OW ct «) cen (1) uw ena = Om = Am % = Ame X- ne = Be ym ae) i wer) ) o-\ “4 Me Gen) nts 2 bg - Bayt? - ZF o5% “aut Sn wm Ses yy jeu)1 @& aang when mel ua 0 int w a en ant + ri = b - Zax — San” i ti ae) eth J oa cen!) w ) Creat t KF BH 7 Using Gouss- Sided thecakion a) () jer) a ‘ = Xe + i _ > re) Qa... We cm Aeduce he yorm of residual agate Necyor awd deka Ayspeethy Saker Coren p tence ; pi we modi ty, <2) as + (Gonss~ Seided itecodtons) we a oe XK. = (en AS - = Om: U (Co tee -——7 2) toeme ox gome Wyo - Meds \witlvys, @) me called Relaxation omediods . 0 Up 0 he qroceduveo one called Under - Relagoction method Ss.Chere mellods can be used te 6Lbn aor o sy shows Wak me mot conversent “ noe rmelliod ) ig wpi, thew Une melnods ore aallead Over - Relaxation meltiods. C there melted qe wed ko acelaate Me Converqunce of us droms Which one Convex qenk wy Gauss SABE. noelliod) Tng quel we call tere melliods Sok, (Successive Qvew Qelaxachion ) melted s. heen San G) Om be waitten as Cly using. . Ww Get) in w 3 ed HH MH TH ea oe ena, Oi vy i) jen (e-") = MEM * o) cet) iA “ (er) t= Un-w)n. 4 Wb Zaye; -Z ay cy , 9 aR yeTo dekemine We matrix wobetion of a mellod , we Kewaike 24 Ut) a0: bey x1) cK) ane + Zr55 > = Cag KE 2 Zoy j + wh, e which in vecto aon cam be wxitten a (D-wL)*™ = [a- wy D = wupee? 0b -\ “) = (p-wL) [ ao- wu fre ui (peut) & let Ty \ (p-wty Tu-wyo- 0 0| x Cy = w(p-wt) & Wen SOR mellod nar iS = fom : ae (ey = % ) oa te ee, »oo ©) @sEne: Conaides Mee Minenw “te bx, 4 Dt, 24, Bx, + 4%, —% = 3% = -24, —x%, + 4% = Save he sho will W=1.25 gud Sor melted, wil wikia quen (44,46) 2011 ay A. Nhe SO ikecations ove () Ged ia we on Ged ow. = G-w)% qv be LA ty — DA s] v i ya J jee JOS A. hws, we cam waite w) Mm) “-r) xX = (v-\.2s) ¥ + 13s [a4 - 3x, | 4 . \ ae (e-') Oo & -(-»~)% + 25 | 0-34) + | = (1-128) 5 4 BSL a@ (et) Ce-1) ce) a ae (20-28), — 0.4348 % 4 FS. «) «) Men er) ed =0.1345%, = 0-25, 4 0.3128% 49.38 «e acy = = OBIS, — 0.28 o_o. 3 : yr © @ Stasting willl WD, a )= Cist, ». Leecadtion- £ (R= Y) : a : Pa s 5.2500 » 2F 3-812 $0, y= - F008 Ueurtion-2 (¢ =?) el Q@) a AO) 2 Bln bobrS os g.88ATl2 , % =-S.02716 \ kk Go om - Sterna Covent: (Same a5 Gouss- Sextet Meta eorem Vy ay FO, For ah talon, Whew Cm) R(T) e \w-il ap Wak the S00 metlud Can This boli of4ui2. Conver only iy Vg « (See Woe Lede by Burden Paives ) . [rcore : ——_7 Ny A isa psitve deGiarke. wal in oma ot wz Then the SR welled conver fer Ae ama nce of wikiod ogprediwacion ae Te ; im idiagonal \yestem : Wy A is povene AaGinike and * ak ee > Wwe s(m) [Spt awd the phwad chiice “f w Xa Sok woke is _ 2 SS ay + - Bp) With tas chpice of ©, we have. (Ta) = w-d. 4@ Crone: Gwen positive -deginite ¥ Kridtagenal wmataly. Ca loulake 2 een vadi-[seuyy whae aS } A = ee) Oo -\ 4 a yaa OneeOll Oe tahoe he q = rent \ lf ° | Peo oa Qa ° -0.75 O° -0.tS 0 0.25 0 6-25 ° -» —-0-+T ° G -dt = ot = 07S Oo 0-25 -> get(4,-M) = AQ’ 0.85). Aw Lh) = Sores - oe \.2d. V4 ]\— oe