Aligning Opportunities in Northeast Ohio

ALIGNING
OPPORTUNITIES IN
NORTHEAST OHIO
A RESOURCE TO AID IN ADDRESSING
THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY IMBALANCE
IN THE REGIONS WORKFORCE
FUNDED BY
The Cleveland Foundation
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A L I GN I N G O PPO R T UN I T I ES I N N O R TH E AST OH I O | 2
FORWARD
Northeast Ohio offers outstanding job and career opportunities. The challenge for our
workforce, employers and economy, however, is that these opportunities dont necessarily
align with the knowledge and skill sets of our current talent pool. Jobs in growing, high-potential
industries offering family-sustaining wages often sit vacant due to the limited number of
qualified, credentialed candidates.
The Cleveland Foundation and Team NEO are taking steps to bridge this divide. The following
report, an update by Team NEO of a 2014 report commissioned by the Cleveland Foundation
to national consulting firm FutureWorks, analyzes the job demand and supply picture for the 18
counties of Northeast Ohio. It was made possible by a grant from the Cleveland Foundation.
The objective of this report is to provide secondary and postsecondary educational institutions
across Northeast Ohio with insights into the evolving needs of our regions employers. The
findings clearly illustrate a need for re-evaluating professional and technical education and
training programming as we support our youth, as well as our established workforce, in their
quest for meaningful, well-paying employment. Their career success will fuel our economic
growth in the future.
INTRO
REPORT OVERVIEW
SECTION FOCUS MAJOR TAKEAWAY
Provides regional workforce

By 2020, 65 percent of Ohio jobs will require
data - job related education
a postsecondary credential. Currently, 54
requirements, education
Labor Force Trends percent of Northeast Ohio residents, 25 years
attainment levels, commuting
PAGES 7-12 and older, have attended some college
patterns, and employment
(includes certificate earners) or earned a
distribution across occupation
graduate, bachelors or associates degree.
and industry.
Describes 41 key professional

and technical occupations Eighteen of the 41 professional and
Job Demand using four key variables: level technical occupations reviewed meet
PAGES 14-17 of demand; earning potential; all or the majority of criteria. Most require
share of total jobs and some postsecondary credential.
projected growth.
Regional secondary and postsecondary

institutions are producing too few students
Reviews student completion with the credentials (i.e. certificates and
Talent Supply data at the postsecondary degrees) needed in many high-demand
PAGES 19-25 level (sub-baccalaureate, technical fields (e.g. only 1,569 of a total
baccalaureate and graduate). of 12,470 associate degrees and only 1,638
of a total of 19,733 bachelors degrees
awarded in 2014 were in IT).
Aligns data produced on

There is substantial misalignment between
demand across key occupational
the demand for workers and the supply
Demand/Supply Alignment areas (section 2) with data
of appropriately credentialed workers in
PAGES 28- 41 on credential output from
key areas including IT, health, manufacturing,
postsecondary institutions
and finance and business services.
in the region (section 3).
Implications of the research Although there are significant opportunities

Implications
are listed at the conclusion to better align supply and demand, it will
PAGES 43- 44
of the report. require a systemic effort.
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SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE
TRENDS
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
This section provides data related to Northeast Ohios workforce including: job-related educational
demand, education attainment levels, commuting patterns, and industry and occupational
employment data. Key observations include:
The demand for skilled and educated talent is increasing. By 2020, the majority of jobs in
Ohio will require some type of postsecondary credential.
At most, only 54% of adults in Northeast Ohio today have the required education or skill level
to meet the demand predicted by 2020.
Data show that residents with higher levels of education from a one-year credential to
a two-year degree to a baccalaureate degree are more likely to be employed and earn
more money.
Residents in Northeast Ohio overwhelmingly work within the region, and often travel
across county or city lines for jobs.
Employment is spread across many occupational groupings and industry sectors.
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
There is a growing demand for educational credentials. Since 1973, jobs have required increasing
levels of educational attainment across the United States.
EDUCATIONAL DEMANDS FOR U.S. JOBS, 1973-2020
100%
7% 10% 11%
11%
9%
80% 19%
12% 21% 24%
8%
10%
60% 12%
40% 19%
17%
18%
40%
34% 30% 24%

20%
32%
10% 11% 12%

0%
1973 (91 million) 1992 (129 million) 2010 (143 million) 2020 (164 million)
YEAR AND NUMBER OF WORKING PEOPLE
Masters Degree or Higher Associates Degree HS Diploma
Bachelors Degree Some College Less than HS
Source: Anthony Carnevale, et. al., Recovery: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through 2020, June 2013.
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
The gap is significant between what is projected for demand (65 percent of Ohio jobs will require
a postsecondary credential by 2020) and current levels of educational attainment in Northeast Ohio.
GAP BETWEEN EDUCATION REQUIRED BY 2020

AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF POPULATION 2015
Northeast Ohio (18 county) 33% 21% 46%
2020 PROJECTED DEMAND:
65%
Ohio 34% 21% 45%
United States 38% 21% 41%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Some Postsecondary Credential
Some College
No Postsecondary Education
*Some college, no degree includes both those who have started, but not completed, a college degree program and those who may hold
a certificate or other training credential which is not a degree.
Source: ACS 5 year 2011-2015; EMSI. Population 25 years and over.
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
Educational attainment is tied to jobs and income. Regional residents with higher levels of
education have lower unemployment rates and greater incomes.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY EDUCATION
Total Labor Force
Less than High

Schoool Diploma
High School Graduate
Some College or
Associate Degree
Bachelors Degree
or Higher
5% 10% 15% 20%
MEDIAN SALARY BY EDUCATION
Total Labor Force $35,555
Less than High $19,191

Schoool Diploma
$28,325
High School Graduate
Some College or $32,494

Associate Degree
Bachelors Degree $54,930

or Higher
$10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000
Cleveland-Akron-Canton Ohio
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Civilian population ages 25+.
A L I GN I N G O PPO R T UN I T I ES I N N O R TH E AST OH I O | 1 0
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
The overwhelming majority of employed Northeast Ohio residents work within the 18-county region.
EMPLOYED CLEVELAND RESIDENTS

BY PLACE OF WORK, 2014
WORK
OUTSIDE NEO
10.1%
WORK IN NEO
18 COUNTY REGION
89.9%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OnTheMap and LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (2014).
SECTION 1
LABOR FORCE TRENDS
Employment opportunity is spread across occupation and industry in Northeast Ohio, a similar
pattern to employment opportunity in the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
TOP JOBS BY OCCUPATION, NORTHEAST OHIO, 2015
Retail Sales Workers

Food & Beverage Workers
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners
Metal & Plastic Workers
Primary/Secondary Teachers
Material Moving Workers
Distribution Workers
Information & Record Clerks
Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
Nursing / Home Health Aides
Motor Vehicle Operators
Business Operations Specialists
Other Production Occupations
Other Office & Admin. Support
Health Technologists & Technicians
Construction Trades Workers
Financial Clerks
Building Cleaning Workers
Other Installation, Maintenance,
& Repair Occupations
Computer Occupations
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000
TOP JOBS BY SECTOR, NORTHEAST OHIO, 2015
Health Care & Social Assistance

Manufacturing
Government
Retail Trade
Accommodation & Food Services
Administrative / Support / Waste
Management / Remediation Services
Wholesale Trade
Professional, Scientific
& Technical Services
Construction
Finance & Insurance
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) Employees, Non-QCEW Employees & Self-
Employed - EMSI 2016.4 Class of Worker, Data are for NEO 18 County region
SECTION 2
JOB DEMAND
SECTION 2
JOB DEMAND
Team NEO worked with the occupational groups identified by FutureWorks in 2014. FutureWorks
weighted Core Demand Index identifies 41 key professional and technical occupational groups
tied to these five wealth clusters. In the tables that follow, we analyzed these groups using the
following key variables:
DEMAND
Demand is a calculation of projected annual job openings per the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) and real-time job postings per Burning Glass Labor Insight, for occupations in the 18-county
region of Northeast Ohio.
FAMILY SUSTAINING WAGE

According to a national Living Wage Calculator developed by Amy K. Glasmeier at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the hourly wage that an individual in Cuyahoga County
must earn to support his/her family of four is $22.20. Our update of FutureWorks index calculates
if the mean wage of each occupational group meets the family sustaining wage standard
(within 10 percent of the county average), is below the county wage standard (more than
10 percent below the county average), or is above the county wage standard (more than
10 percent above the county average). We chose to use the Cuyahoga county family
sustaining wage for consistency, but it is important to recognize the localized differences
in the region.
TOTAL JOBS
This is a 2020 calculation of the total number of jobs in the region from Economic Modeling
Specialists Internationals (ESMI) model of projected jobs from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
using data from the Quarterly Census on Employment and Wages (QCEW). FutureWorks index
calculates if the share of total jobs in the occupational group is in the top, middle, or
bottom third of total jobs in the economy of the MSA.
PROJECTED GROWTH
FutureWorks uses EMSIs BLS projections of job growth from 2015 to 2020 to calculate if each
occupational group is projected to have high growth (above 2 percent), moderate
growth (0-2 percent), or low growth (less than 0 percent).
*Note: The projections in the analysis of what FutureWorks has called the Core Demand Index and throughout the report are dependent
on the forecast for job creation and real-time demand in each occupational group. The forecasts and measures of demand are from EMSIs
model of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data and Burning Glass Labor Insight real-time job postings. These projections should be supplemented
by locally available analyses of the occupations when appropriate. Full results from the Core Demand Index analysis, including data variables
for 96 3-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) groups, are in Appendix C of FutureWorks 2014 version of the report.
SECTION 2
JOB DEMAND IN HIGH WEALTH SECTORS
KEY OCCUPATIONS TIED TO WEALTH CLUSTERS USING CORE DEMAND INDEX
FAMILY TOTAL PROJECTED

OCCUPATIONAL GROUP DEMAND 2015 SUSTAINING JOBS 2018 GROWTH
WAGE 2015 BY THIRDS 2015-2020
Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners 20,017 Above Top High
Computer Occupations 16,597 Above Top High
Other Management Occupations 8,798 Above Top High
Information and Record Clerks 8,072 Below Top Moderate
Sales Representatives, Wholesale

7,584 Above Top Moderate
and Manufacturing
Business Operations Specialists 7,219 Above Top High
Health Technologists and Technicians 6,772 Meets Top High
Financial Specialists 5,554 Above Top High
Engineers 5,163 Above Top High
Financial Clerks 4,780 Below Top Low
Other Installation, Maintenance,

4,375 Below Top High
and Repair Occupations
Operations Specialties Managers 4,117 Above Top High
Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides 3,748 Below Top High
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 3,592 Below Top Low
Other Production Occupations 3,036 Below Top Low
Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public

2,970 Above Top High
Relations, and Sales Managers
Metal Workers and Plastic Workers 2,440 Below Top Low
Other Office and Administrative Support

2,287 Below Top Low
Workers
Other Healthcare Support Occupations 2,129 Below Middle High
Construction Trades Workers 2,043 Meets Top High
Art and Design Workers 2,006 Below Middle Moderate
SECTION 2
JOB DEMAND IN HIGH WEALTH SECTORS
KEY OCCUPATIONS TIED TO WEALTH CLUSTERS USING CORE DEMAND INDEX
FAMILY TOTAL PROJECTED

OCCUPATIONAL GROUP DEMAND 2015 SUSTAINING JOBS 2018 GROWTH
WAGE 2015 BY THIRDS 2015-2020
Drafters, Engineering Technicians,

1,471 Meets Middle Low
and Mapping Technicians
Supervisors of Office and Administrative
1,307 Meets Middle High
Support Workers
Assemblers and Fabricators 1,191 Below Top Moderate
Media and Communication Workers 969 Meets Middle Moderate
Supervisors of Production Workers 726 Above Middle Low
Supervisors of Installation, Maintenance,

672 Above Middle High
and Repair Workers
Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapist
549 Above Bottom High
Assistants and Aides
Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians 532 Meets Bottom High
Electrical and Electronic Equipment

456 Meets Middle Low
Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
Mathematical Science Occupations 448 Above Bottom High
Social Scientists and Related Workers 388 Above Bottom High
Physical Scientists 381 Above Bottom High
Life Scientists 357 Above Bottom High
Other Healthcare Practitioners and Technical

241 Above Bottom High
Occupations
Media and Communication Equipment Work-
234 Below Bottom Low
ers
Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers 217 Above Bottom Moderate
Plant and System Operators 174 Above Bottom High
Supervisors of Construction and Extraction

101 Above Middle High
Workers
Extraction Workers 73 Below Bottom High
SECTION 2
JOB DEMAND IN HIGH-WEALTH SECTORS
We have identified 18 professional and technical occupations from these clusters that show
substantial demand, offer family sustaining wages, and hold promise for future employment and
income for Northeast Ohio residents (some combine related key occupations from the previous
tables into a single occupation). Almost all require some type of professional and technical training
or postsecondary credential.
1. Computer and IT Workers

2. Metal and Plastic Workers
3. Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
4. Skilled Production Workers (combines several key occupations)
5. Construction Trade Workers*
6. Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners
7. Health Technologists and Technicians
8. Health Therapists Aides and Support Workers (combines several key occupations)
9. Nursing and Home Health Aides
10. Engineers
11. Architects, Engineers and Technicians (combines several key occupations)
12. Life Science Workers (combines several key occupations)
13. Financial Specialists
14. Financial Clerks
15. Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
16. Information and Record Clerks
17. Front-line Supervisors of Skilled Workers (combines several key occupations)
18. Managers, Professional and Health (combines several key occupations)
*Note: Other local analyses should be used to supplement our analysis and help characterize the type and scale of demand for each
occupational group. One such analysis is the Demand Study for Construction Employees prepared by Mohr Partners Cleveland, W.E. Upjohn
Institute for Employment Research, and Weber Murphy Fox for The Construction Diversity Committee, Commission on Economic Inclusion,
Greater Cleveland Partnership.
SECTION 3
TALENT SUPPLY
SECTION 3
TALENT SUPPLY
The most significant sources of technically skilled talent are educational institutions at the
secondary level (grades 9-12 career and technical education [CTE]) and postsecondary level
(sub-baccalaureate and graduate). While other sources of talent (e.g., workforce training and
education programs and in-migration to the area by skilled individuals) may also be important,
the educational institutions that serve area residents and educate large numbers of new and
experienced workers comprise, by far, the largest components of a talent supply system.
POSTSECONDARY
SECONDARY
EDUCATION, POSTSECONDARY
TECHNICAL
SUB- BACCALAUREATE +
EDUCATION, CTE
BACCALAUREATE
Diplomas Industry Certifications Industry Certifications

Licenses Certificates Certificates
Industry Certifications Associate Degrees Associate Degrees
Licenses Licenses
Adult Workforce Bachelors
and Professional Masters
Development Doctorate
EMPLOYMENT AND CAREER OPTIONS
SECTION 3
TALENT SUPPLY POSTSECONDARY LEVEL (SUB-BACCALAUREATE)
Nearly 100,000 students are currently enrolled in area institutions that offer sub-baccalaureate
programs leading to potential associate degrees or academic certificates. The following tables
and charts present field of study and 2014 completion data from the federal Integrated
Postsecondary Education Data System for institutions within the 18-counties in Northeast Ohio.
Our key observations include:
Students at sub-baccalaureate institutions in Northeast Ohio focus on just a few program

areas liberal arts and sciences, health programs, and business and management. Over
eighty percent of all associate degrees from sub-baccalaureate institutions in the region
were awarded in just five program areas in 2014.
Completions in programs offered by private, for-profit institutions have declined in the region
over recent years, and with additional closures of some of these institutions, we expect this
trend to continue.
SECTION 3
TALENT SUPPLY POSTSECONDARY LEVEL (SUB-BACCALAUREATE)
ASSOCIATE DEGREE AND CERTIFICATE PRODUCTION BY INSTITUTION (2014)
Cuyahoga Community
College District
Lorain County
Community College
Stark State College
Lakeland
Community College
University of Akron
Main Campus
Bowling Green State

University-Firelands
Ohio Technical College*
Kent State University

at Ashtabula
North Central
State College

at Tuscarawas
Youngstown State
University
Kent State
University at Stark
Brown Mackie
College - Akron*
Fortis College -
Cuyahoga Falls*
Ohio State University-

Mansfield Campus
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Associates Degrees, Total N = 13,209 Certificates, Total N = 10,870
Associates Certificate
Source: National Center for Educational Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS), Completions for 2013-2014 academic year.
*Private, for-profit.
SECTION 3
ASSOCIATE DEGREES AND CERTIFICATES BY FIELD
6%
30.1%
6.1%
6.5%
10.6%
30%
Associate Degrees, Total N = 8,775 Certificates, Total N = 3,859
Health Professions & Mechanic & Repair

Parks, Recreation, Fitness
Clinical Sciences Technologies
Liberal Arts & Sciences Security & Protective Services Visual & Performing Arts
Business, Management,
Education Personal & Culinary Services
& Marketing
Agriculture, Agriculture
Computer & Information Sciences Precision Production
Operations, and Related Sciences
Engineering Technologies Public Administration,
Legal Professions
& Related Social Services
Source: IPEDS, Completions for 2013-2014 academic year
SECTION 3
TALENT SUPPLY POSTSECONDARY LEVEL

(BACCALAUREATE AND GRADUATE)
Over 220,000 students are currently enrolled in area institutions that offer baccalaureate or graduate
degrees programs across a wide variety of fields. The following tables and charts present field of
study and completion data for colleges and universities in Northeast Ohio. Data was drawn from the
federal Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Key observations include:
Among baccalaureate institutions there is a more dispersed distribution of students in various

programs than among community colleges but there is still a relatively high concentration
among a handful of programs. Many of the more technical fields, such as information
technology and engineering, produce very small numbers of Bachelors and Masters degrees
compared to those in health, business, education and liberal arts.
For the four-year institutions in Northeast Ohio, a little over 53 percent of Bachelors and Masters
Degree awards are in five fields, including business, management and marketing; social
sciences; communication and journalism; psychology and education.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (qCEW) Employees, Non-QCEW Employees & Self-
Employed - EMSI 2014.2 Class of Worker, Data are for Cuyahoga County.
SECTION 3

BACHELORS AND MASTERS DEGREE PRODUCTION BY INSTITUTION (2014)

at Kent
University of Akron
Main Campus
Cleveland State
University
Youngstown State
University
Case Western Reserve

University
Oberlin College
Baldwin Wallace
University
Ashland University
John Carroll University
The College of Wooster
Walsh University
Malone University
University of Mount Union
Hiram College
Notre Dame College
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Bachelors Degrees Total N = 19,912 Masters Degrees Total N = 7,640
Bachelors Degree Masters Degree
Source: IPEDS, Completions, 2014. Absence of bar value indicates value of less than 10 awards.
SECTION 3

BACHELORS AND MASTERS DEGREES BY FIELD

(NORTHEAST OHIO)
22.2%
5.1%
5.1%
5.7%
16%
5.8%
5.8%
5.8% 15%
Bachelors Degrees, Total N = 17,570 Masters Degrees, Total N = 6,489
Business, Management
& Marketing Biological & Biomedical Services Security & Protecive Services
Health Professions
Psychology Computer & Information Sciences
& Clinical Sciences
Education Communication & Journalism Parks, Recreation, Fitness
Social Sciences Engineering Physical Sciences
English Language &

Visual & Performing Arts History
Literature/Letters
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary
Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions, 2014.
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SECTION 4
DEMAND SUPPLY
ALIGNMENT
SECTION 4
DEMAND SUPPLY ALIGNMENT
Our analysis of demand-supply alignment took the data produced on demand across key
occupational areas and aligned them with data on credential output from postsecondary
institutions in the region. We present a Summary Chart of Alignment of our analysis of
demand-supply alignment in this section. Major observations from this analysis of demand-
supply alignment include:
In all but three occupations areas, there is substantial misalignment between demand for
key occupations and supply of appropriately credentialed workers. In some cases there
are hundreds of job openings above what is being produced in relevant fields from area
educational institutions.
The biggest misalignment between demand and supply is for computer and IT workers.
There appears to be far more employer demand for workers in this occupational field
than there is supply of matching credentials.
The annual demand for manufacturing and production workers is also more than the supply
of credentials produced by area educational institutions, but construction trade workers
appear to be aligned.
There are many occupations in health care that are misaligned, but the demand and supply
for health technologists and technicians (such as pharmacy technicians and health information
technicians) appear to be aligned regionally. Demand for treating practitioners (such as nurses
and nurse practitioners) is more than the supply produced. On the other hand, there is more
supply of credentialed health therapist aides and support workers (such as physical therapist
aides and athletic trainers) than there is demand from employers.
There appears to be alignment between the demand and supply of credentialed workers
for architects and engineering technicians, but there is still substantial misalignment for the
demand and supply of engineers.
Finance and business services occupations seem to be consistently misaligned, but

especially for information and record clerks (such as customer service representatives
and loan interviewers).
SECTION 4
The summary chart on the next page shows a high-level picture of demand supply alignment
across a number of key occupational areas and is a useful starting point for discussion with
residents, institutions, philanthropic, and civic leaders in Northeast Ohio.
The data included in the chart come from multiple sources:
The first area is annual demand. Demand data are for 2015 based on Team NEOs calculations
of EMSIs projected job openings from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2015 and Burning
Glass Labor Insights 2015 real-time job postings. All demand data are for the 18-county
Northeast Ohio region.
The second area is credentials awarded from regional postsecondary institutions. These
are credentials awarded from all institutions within the region. All data on credentials are
from the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for
Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) for 2014.
Our demand supply model does not capture every pathway to employment, i.e., apprenticeships,
temp agencies, etc. The academic pathway has been our focus. The connection to some jobs we
have selected, like construction, include many non-academic pathways. This is changing, in part,
because community colleges are now attempting to link apprenticeships to degrees. Additional
information on construction can be found in the Demand Study for Construction Employees
prepared by Mohr Partners Cleveland, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, and Weber
Murphy Fox for The Construction Diversity Committee, Commission on Economic Inclusion, Greater
Cleveland Partnership.
SECTION 4
SUMMARY CHART OF ALIGNMENT
CREDENTIALS
DEMAND
AWARDED ALIGNMENT
2015
2014
Computer & IT Workers 16,638 5,995

IT
Metal & Plastic Workers 2,938 1,016

& CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Installation, Maintenance & Repair Workers 4,497 1,764
Skilled Production Workers 5,538 3,112
Construction Trade Workers 2,329 1,946
Health Diagnosing & Treating Practitioners 20,122 11,273
Health Technologists & Technicians 6,945 7,809

HEALTH
Health Therapist Aides & Support Workers 818 5,298
Nursing & Home Health Aides 4,070 1,888
Architects & Engineering Technicians 1,740 1,639

LIFE SCIENCES /
ENGINEERING
Engineers 5,257 2,283
Life Science Workers 1,718 10,490
Financial Clerks 4,913 1,928

FINANCE & BUSINESS
SERVICES
Financial Specialists 5,612 3,417
Information & Record Clerks 8,154 1,959
Secretaries & Administrative Assistants 3,707 2,188

MANAGE-
Managers, Professional & Health 8,869 22,720

MENT
Supervisors of Skilled Workers 2,855 4,857
There is more Demand and There is more

demand than supply supply appear in supply of credentials
of credentials relative balance than demand
SECTION 4
SUMMARY CHART OF ALIGNMENT
DEMAND
CREDENTIALS AWARDED 2014
2015
CERTIFI- ASSOCI- BACHE- GRADU- ALIGN-

CTE TOTAL
CATE ATES LORS ATE MENT
Computer & IT Workers 16,638 923 1,301 1,569 1,638 564 5,995
IT
Metal & Plastic Workers 2,938 327 637 41 11 0 1,016

& CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Installation, Maintenance
4,497 1,085 575 104 0 0 1,764
& Repair Workers
Skilled Production Workers 5,538 145 1,630 802 374 161 3,112
Construction Trade
2,329 694 1,155 97 0 0 1,946
Workers
Health Diagnosing &
20,122 1,229 3,175 2,566 2,546 1,757 11,273
Treating Practitioners
Health Technologists
6,945 51 4,404 2,083 803 468 7,809
HEALTH
& Technicians
Health Therapist Aides
818 0 2,467 1,466 936 429 5,298
& Support Workers
Nursing & Home Health
4,070 66 1,659 53 1 109 1,888
Aides
Architects & Engineering
1,740 0 506 724 295 114 1,639
LIFE SCIENCES /
ENGINEERING
Technicians
Engineers 5,257 339 46 49 1,106 743 2,283
Life Science Workers 1,718 816 711 1,315 6,066 1,582 10,490
Financial Clerks 4,913 0 156 382 1,038 352 1,928

FINANCE & BUSINESS
SERVICES
Financial Specialists 5,612 0 307 501 2,089 520 3,417
Information & Record

8,154 0 156 397 1,038 368 1,959
Clerks
Secretaries &
3,707 793 633 625 102 35 2,188
Administrative Assistants
Managers, Professional
MANAGE-
8,869 0 2,551 4,569 10,544 5,056 22,720

& Health
MENT
Supervisors of Skilled
2,855 0 1,015 1,318 1,230 1,294 4,857
Workers
There is more Demand and There is more

demand than supply supply appear in supply of credentials
of credentials relative balance than demand
SECTION 4
SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED OCCUPATIONS
As part of the analysis of alignment, we also researched the wage characteristics and educational
requirements of the key occupational areas. We have focused on three occupation groups and
include them here, after the Summary Chart of Alignment. These are:
Computer and IT Workers
Metal and Plastic Workers
Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners
Each of these analyses consists of a broad Overview, a Numbers at a Glance section, and a data
breakdown.
SECTION 4
COMPUTER AND IT WORKERS OVERVIEW
Computer and IT Workers span sectors and fulfill critical roles in many of the employment and
wealth-generating economic sectors (biosciences and health care, advanced manufacturing,
information technology, and financial, business services, and back office support).
Workers in this occupation provide technical assistance to computer users; analyze data processing
problems to implement and improve computer systems or develop IT solutions; create, modify,
and test the code, forms, and script that allow computer applications to run; monitor and ensure
network and perform maintenance to support network availability.
There are good entry points and mobility for workers in the field. The occupation and industry
has clear career pathways marked by widely recognized industry credentials at all levels of the
educational spectrum.
KNOWLEDGE NEEDED
Engineering and Technology: computers and electronics

Math and Science: arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, or statistics
Product and Service Development Finance and business services occupations seem to
be consistently misaligned, but especially for information and record clerks (such as customer
service representatives and loan interviewers).
TECHNICAL SKILLS IN DEMAND
SQL, Software Development, Oracle, JAVA, Microsoft C#, .NET Programming
TOP EMPLOYERS HIRING
Deloitte
PNC
Oracle
Sherwin-Williams
Progressive Insurance
Accenture
SECTION 4
COMPUTER AND IT WORKERS NUMBERS AT A GLANCE
DEMAND & SUPPLY
Annual Demand 16,638
Credentials Awarded 5,995
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
Graduate 564
Bachelor 1,638
Associate 1,569
Certificate 1,301
CTE 923
0 500 1000 1500 2000
MEDIAN HOURLY WAGE
MEDIAN HOURLY WAGE FAMILY SUSTAINING WAGE

$ $34.23 $ $22.20
SECTION 4
COMPUTER AND IT WORKERS DATA BREAKDOWN
LABOR MARKET
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
DEMAND
OCCUPATIONAL
GROUP (3-DIGIT
SOC) MEDIAN
ANNUAL
HOURLY CTE CERTIFICATE ASSOCIATES BACHELORS GRADUATE
DEMAND
WAGE
All Computer & IT

16,638 $34.23 923 1301 1569 1638 564
Workers
LABOR MARKET
CREDENTIAL BREAKDOWN BY OCCUPATION
DEMAND
KEY OCCUPATIONS
WITHIN GROUP
(6-DIGIT SOC) MEDIAN SOME
ANNUAL HS OR BACHELOR
HOURLY COLLEGE OR
DEMAND LESS OR HIGHER
WAGE ASSOCIATES
Software Developers,
5,008 $40.23 3% 14% 83%
Applications
Computer Occupations,
4,152 $34.87 10% 39% 51%
All Other
Computer Systems Analysts 1,420 $37.70 5% 23% 72%
Computer User Support

1,200 $20.39 13% 47% 41%
Specialists
Web Developers 1,019 $27.66 6% 28% 66%
Network and Computer

963 $33.68 8% 41% 51%
Systems Administrators
Database Administrators 913 $32.06 6% 24% 70%
Computer Network Architects 641 $48.57 6% 36% 58%
*The Occupational Group in the first table is a 3-digit occupational group as categorized by the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. The Key Occupations Within Group in the second table is a sub-set of occupations within this group, identified by the SOC system
as 6-digit occupations. Key occupations listed in the second table are selected to show those 6-digit occupations within the group with the
greatest demand and do not include all occupations within the group.
SECTION 4
METAL AND PLASTIC WORKERS OVERVIEW
Metal and Plastic Workers is a subgroup of Production and Manufacturing Workers. Workers in
this occupation set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and
instruments; lay out, machine, fit, and assemble castings and parts to metal or plastic foundry
patterns, core boxes, or match plates; develop programs to control machining or processing of
metal or plastic; use hand-held equipment to join or cut metal or plastic components.
There is good career mobility within the industry with entry points that require a postsecondary
credential less than a Bachelors Degree.
KNOWLEDGE NEEDED
Engineering and Technology: mechanical, design

Math and Science: arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, or statistics, physics
Manufactured Goods: manufacture and distribution of products
Computer Numerical Control (CNC), Machining, Inspection, Lathes, Welding
Alliance Technical Solutions

Swagelok Company
Component Repair Technologies
Pentair Incorporated
Automation Tool & Die Incorporated
SECTION 4
METAL AND PLASTIC WORKERS NUMBERS AT A GLANCE
DEMAND & SUPPLY
Annual Demand 2,938
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
Graduate 0
Bachelor 11
Associate 41
Certificate 637
CTE 327
0 500 1000 1500 2000
MEDIAN HOURLY WAGE

$ $17.07 $ $22.20
SECTION 4
METAL AND PLASTIC WORKERS DATA BREAKDOWN
LABOR MARKET
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
DEMAND
OCCUPATIONAL
GROUP (3-DIGIT
SOC) MEDIAN
ANNUAL
DEMAND
WAGE
All Metals & Plastic

2,938 $17.07 327 637 41 11 0
Workers
LABOR MARKET
DEMAND
KEY OCCUPATIONS
WITHIN GROUP
HOURLY COLLEGE OR
WAGE ASSOCIATES
Machinists 706 $18.28 57% 40% 3%
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and

460 $17.20 69% 29% 2%
Brazers
Computer-Controlled Machine
Tool Operators, Metal and 381 $17.34 49% 44% 7%
Plastic
Cutting, Punching, and Press
Machine Setters, Operators, 283 $14.81 72% 25% 3%
and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Tool and Die Makers 166 $24.09 47% 49% 4%
Molding, Coremaking,
and Casting Machine Setters,
140 $14.16 68% 28% 4%
Operators, and Tenders,
Metal and Plastic
SECTION 4
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONERS OVERVIEW
Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners are a subgroup of the large set of health care-related
occupations in the region. They are the highest trained group of workers in health care (e.g. doctors,
nurses, nurse practitioners, pharmacists).
Workers in this occupation diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or
as part of a health care team; order, perform, or interpret the results of diagnostic tests; prescribe
medication.
The industry is highly regulated, which sets up established educational pathways and credentials
needed. Most of the positions in this group of health care workers require a Bachelors or
advanced degree.
KNOWLEDGE NEEDED
Health: medicine, therapy and counseling

Math and Science: psychology and biology
Business: customer service
Treatment Planning and Patient Care, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS),
Discharge Planning, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Patient Evaluation
Cleveland Clinic
University Hospitals
Mercy Health
Metrohealth System
HRC ManorCare
SECTION 4
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONERS

NUMBERS AT A GLANCE
DEMAND & SUPPLY
Annual Demand 20,122
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
Graduate 1,757
Bachelor 2,546
Associate 2,566
Certificate 3,175
CTE 1,229
0 500 1000 1500 2000
MEDIAN HOURLY WAGE

$ $42.63 $ $22.20
SECTION 4
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONERS

DATA BREAKDOWN
LABOR MARKET
CREDENTIALS AWARDED
DEMAND
OCCUPATIONAL
GROUP (3-DIGIT
SOC) MEDIAN
ANNUAL
DEMAND
WAGE
All Health
Diagnosing & 20,122 $42.63 1229 3175 2566 2546 1757
Treating Practitioners
LABOR MARKET
DEMAND
KEY OCCUPATIONS
WITHIN GROUP
HOURLY COLLEGE OR
WAGE ASSOCIATES
Registered Nurses 10,317 $30.66 1% 42% 57%
Nurse Practitioners 2,092 $45.66 1% 2% 98%
Physicians and Surgeons, All

1,295 $93.26 0% 0% 99%
Other
Physical Therapists 1,033 $39.99 2% 7% 91%
Occupational Therapists 831 $39.96 1% 9% 91%
Pharmacists 724 $57.77 0% 4% 96%
SECTION 5
IMPLICATIONS
SECTION 5
IMPLICATIONS
The purpose of our research and analysis is to inform and help accelerate talent development
policy in the region. That policy should provide skilled talent critical to growing key wealth
generating sectors in the economy and, at the same time, provide opportunities for good careers
and incomes for the residents in Northeast Ohio.
Our research and analysis leads to a number of high-level implications for talent development policy
in the region. These implications are:
There is significant demand in some sectors of the economy in Northeast Ohio that present
opportunity for residents. Channels need to be opened into these opportunities, especially those
with family sustaining wages.
Overall, residents of Northeast Ohio need better access to quality career education and training
that will help them fill these jobs.
Given the high levels of regional integration in Northeast Ohio, with people commuting across
county lines for jobs, it is clear that a shared strategy is important. At the same time, local
context and expertise will be vital for making changes.
Employers need assistance finding better ways to access the talent they need. Capturing the
latent talent pool in the regional labor force will help grow the economy.
Younger students, secondary and postsecondary students, and adults should have better and
more accurate information about the possible choices to enter professional and technical fields
of study within the region.
The region should understand why so few students complete technical programs (at the
secondary and postsecondary levels), and then shore up and improve the education pipeline
to increase the flow of local talent into employment in Northeast Ohio.
The current low levels of output in some programs offer an opportunity to reshape the delivery
and organization of technical education in Northeast Ohio; this could be through rapid
adoption of innovative models and practices, such as developing exemplar schools for Career
and Technical Education focused on key economic sectors or adopting innovations such as
work-based learning and deep, sustained employer engagement across the system.
SECTION 5
IMPLICATIONS
Education at the secondary and postsecondary levels need to increase the output of students
with credentials in high-demand sectors with family sustaining wages. In particular, local districts
and postsecondary institutions need to define ways to improve and offer programs in technical
fields of study that attract students and encourage them to complete their degrees.
Deeper employer engagement in postsecondary education is critical to improving the quality

and relevancy of educational programs.
The sharp misalignment between demand and supply in some fields is an indicator that
educational institutions at both the leadership and faculty levels may not have all the
information they need to identify proximal and future opportunities.
Educators and civic leaders need more comprehensive labor market information to drive
programming investments in, and identify employer partnerships with, educational institutions.
SECTION 6
APPENDIX
SECTION 6
APPENDIX
FIVE ECONOMIC CLUSTERS OF OPPORTUNITY
REGIONAL NORTHEAST GLOBALIZING

ECONOMIC OHIO REGIONAL CLEVELAND:
IDENTIFIED CLUSTERS
COMPETITIVENESS BUSINESS A PATH
STRATEGY 1 PLAN 2 FORWARD 3
Biosciences & Health Care + + +
Advanced Manufacturing* + + +
Energy Production** + + +
Information Technology + + +
Financial & Business Services / Back Office +
SECTION 6
APPENDIX
FutureWorks developed a weighted Core Demand Index to identify key professional and
technical occupational groups tied to these five wealth clusters.
CORE DEMAND INDEX
There are 96 occupational groups that

categorize all workers and professionals
96
OCCUPATIONS
in the economy.
Within this universe, we use a core demand

index to identify 41 professional and technical
occupations tied to growing wealth clusters
in the regional economy. These occupations
41
also show substantial demand, offer family
CORE DEMAND
sustaining wages, and hold promise for future INDEX
employment and income for city residents. OCCUPATIONS
Almost all of these occupations require some
type of professional and technical training
or postsecondary credential.
We combine some related key occupations,

select those that are more closely aligned
to core functions in the wealth clusters, and 18
select those most relevant to professional and WEALTH
technical training and education to arrive at CREATING
OCCUPATIONS
18 wealth creating occupations to be part
of our analysis of demand-supply alignment.
BLANK PAGE
FUNDED BY
The Cleveland Foundation

Aligning Opportunities in Northeast Ohio

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Aligning Opportunities in Northeast Ohio

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ALIGNING

SECTION FOCUS MAJOR TAKEAWAY

Provides regional workforce

Describes 41 key professional

Regional secondary and postsecondary

Aligns data produced on

Implications of the research Although there are significant opportunities

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

Employment is spread across many occupational groupings and industry sectors.

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

EDUCATIONAL DEMANDS FOR U.S. JOBS, 1973-2020

34% 30% 24%

10% 11% 12%

YEAR AND NUMBER OF WORKING PEOPLE

Masters Degree or Higher Associates Degree HS Diploma

Bachelors Degree Some College Less than HS

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

GAP BETWEEN EDUCATION REQUIRED BY 2020

Northeast Ohio (18 county) 33% 21% 46%

2020 PROJECTED DEMAND:

Ohio 34% 21% 45%

United States 38% 21% 41%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Some Postsecondary Credential

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY EDUCATION

Total Labor Force

Less than High

High School Graduate

MEDIAN SALARY BY EDUCATION

Total Labor Force $35,555

Less than High $19,191

Some College or $32,494

Bachelors Degree $54,930

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

EMPLOYED CLEVELAND RESIDENTS

LABOR FORCE TRENDS

TOP JOBS BY OCCUPATION, NORTHEAST OHIO, 2015

Retail Sales Workers

TOP JOBS BY SECTOR, NORTHEAST OHIO, 2015

Health Care & Social Assistance

FAMILY SUSTAINING WAGE

JOB DEMAND IN HIGH WEALTH SECTORS

KEY OCCUPATIONS TIED TO WEALTH CLUSTERS USING CORE DEMAND INDEX

FAMILY TOTAL PROJECTED

Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners 20,017 Above Top High

Computer Occupations 16,597 Above Top High

Other Management Occupations 8,798 Above Top High

Information and Record Clerks 8,072 Below Top Moderate

Sales Representatives, Wholesale

Business Operations Specialists 7,219 Above Top High

Health Technologists and Technicians 6,772 Meets Top High

Financial Specialists 5,554 Above Top High

Engineers 5,163 Above Top High

Financial Clerks 4,780 Below Top Low

Other Installation, Maintenance,

Operations Specialties Managers 4,117 Above Top High

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 3,592 Below Top Low

Other Production Occupations 3,036 Below Top Low

Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public

Metal Workers and Plastic Workers 2,440 Below Top Low

Other Office and Administrative Support

Other Healthcare Support Occupations 2,129 Below Middle High