PreparingapaperusingMicrosoftWordforpublicationin

IOPConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceandEngineering

JMucklow1
ProductionEditor,IOPConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceandEngineering,
IOPPublishing,DiracHouse,TempleBack,BristolBS16BE,UK

Email:jacky.mucklow@iop.org

Abstract.Allarticlesmustcontainanabstract.Theabstracttextshouldbeformattedusing10
pointTimes(orTimesRoman,orTimesNewRoman)andindented25mmfromtheleft
margin.Leave10mmspaceaftertheabstractbeforeyoubeginthemaintextofyourarticle.
Thetextofyourarticleshouldstartonthesamepageastheabstract.Theabstractfollowsthe
addresses andshouldgivereaders conciseinformationabout thecontentofthearticleand
indicatethemainresultsobtainedandconclusionsdrawn.Astheabstractisnotpartofthetext
it shouldbecomplete initself; notablenumbers, figure numbers, references ordisplayed
mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in
abstractingservicesandshouldnotnormallyexceed200words.Theabstractshouldgenerally
be restricted to a single paragraph. Since contemporary informationretrieval systems rely
heavilyonthecontentoftitlesandabstractstoidentifyrelevantarticlesinliteraturesearches,
greatcareshouldbetakeninconstructingboth.

1.Introduction
Theseguidelines,writteninthestyleofasubmissiontoIOPConf.Ser.:Mater.Sci.Eng.,discusshow
toprepareyourpaperusingMicrosoftWord.Inadditiontotheusualguidanceonstyle/formatting,
there are notes and links to assist in using some of Words features such as inserting graphics,
formatting equations and so forth. A Word template is available for download from the IOP
ConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceandEngineering website.FollowtheGuidelinesforauthors
linkonhttp://conferenceseries.iop.org/mse

2.Pagelayout(headers,footers,pagenumbersandmargins)
IfyoudontwishtousetheWordtemplateprovided,pleasesetthemarginsofyourWorddocument
asfollows.

FromtheFilemenuselectthePageSetupoptiontodisplaythePageSetupdialogbox.
Selectthepapersizeyouwanttouse(USLetterorA4).
Dependingonthepapersizeyouuse,adjustthemarginsettingstothoseshownintable1.

1
Towhomanycorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed.
 Table1.SettingWordsmarginsforA4and
USLetterpaper.
Margin A4 USLetter
Top 4.0cm 3.1cm
Bottom 2.7cm 1.8cm
Left 2.5cm 2.8cm
Right 2.5cm 2.8cm
Gutter a
0cm 0cm
Header a
0cm 0cm
Footer a
0cm 0cm
a
These must besetto0cm.Inaddition,please
make sure the Mirror Margins option is not
selected.

2.1.1.Headersandfooters
Itisvitalthatyoudonotaddanyheaders,footersorpagenumberstoyourpaper;thesewillbe
addedduringtheproductionprocessatIOPPublishing(thisiswhytheHeaderandFootermarginsare
setto0cmintable1).

3.Formattingthetitle,authorsandaffiliations
In this section we discuss how to format the title, authors and affiliations. Please follow these
instructionsascarefullyaspossiblesoallarticleswithinaconferencehavethesamestyletothetitle
page.Thisparagraphfollowsasectiontitlesoitshouldnotbeindented.

3.1.Formattingthetitle
Thetitle is set 17point Times Bold, flush left, unjustified. The first letter of the title should be
capitalizedwiththerestinlowercase.Itshouldnotbeindented,asshownabove.Leave28mmof
spaceabovethetitleand10mmafterthetitle.Theeasiestwaytodothisistoselect Format
ParagraphandsettheSpacingBeforevalueto28mmandSpacingAfterto10mm.

3.2.Formattingauthornames
Thelistofauthorsshouldbeindented25mmtomatchtheabstract.Thestyleforthenamesisinitials
thensurname,withacommaafterallbutthelasttwonames,whichareseparatedbyand.Initials
shouldnothavefullstopsforexampleAJSmithandnotA.J.Smith.Firstnamesinfullmaybe
usedifdesired.Ifanauthorhasadditionalinformationtoappearasafootnote,suchasapermanent
addressortoindicatethattheyarethecorrespondingauthor,thefootnoteshouldbeenteredafterthe
surname.However,beforeaddinganyfootnotespleasereadappendixAInsertingfootnoteswith
MicrosoftWordfordetailednotesandacompleteexample.

3.3.Formattingauthoraffiliations
Please ensure that affiliations are as full and complete as possible and include the country. The
addressesoftheauthorsaffiliationsfollowthelistofauthorsandshouldalsobeindented25mmto
matchtheabstract.Iftheauthorsareatdifferentaddresses,numberedsuperscriptsshouldbeusedafter
eachsurnametoreferenceanauthortohis/heraddress.Thenumberedsuperscriptsshould not be
insertedusingWordsfootnotecommandbecausethiswillplacethereferenceinthewrongplaceat
thebottomofthepage(orendofthedocument)ratherthannexttotheaddress.Ensurethatany
numberedsuperscripts usedtolinkauthornames andaddresses start at 1andcontinue ontothe
numberofaffiliations.Donotaddanyfootnotesuntilalltheauthornamesarelinkedtotheaddresses.
Forexample,toformat

JMucklow1,3,JEThomas1,4andAJCox2,5
wheretherearethreeaddresses,youshouldinsertnumberedsuperscripts1,2and3tolinksurnames
toaddressesandtheninsertfootnotes4and5.Notethatthefirstfootnoteinthemaintextwillnowbe
number6.

3.3.1.Insertingsuperscriptstolinknamesandaddresses.
Typetheappropriatesuperscriptvaluejustafterthesurnameandjustbeforetheaddress:
JMucklow2
2InstituteofPhysicsPublishing,DiracHouse,TempleBack,BristolBS16BE,UK

Selecteachnumberinturn(here2)anddothefollowing:

o ChooseFormatFonttodisplayWordsFontdialogbox.
o SelectSuperscriptundertheEffectsoptions.
o ClickOKtoapplythetextformatting.Youshouldseethis:

JMucklow2
2
IOPPublishing,DiracHouse,TempleBack,BristolBS16BE,UK

Repeattheprocedureforallsuperscriptednumbers.Pleasemakesurethatanyfootnoteswithinthe
maintextofyourarticlecontinueonfromanysuperscriptednumbersusedtolinkauthornamesand
affiliations.Forexample,ifyoureferredtotwoaddressesthefirstproperfootnoteinthetextwouldbe
footnote3.

4.Anexample.Inthisexamplewecanseethattherearefootnotesaftereachauthornameandonly5
addresses;the6thfootnotemightsay,forexample,Authortowhomanycorrespondenceshouldbe
addressed.Inaddition,acknowledgmentofgrantsorfunding,temporaryaddressesetcmightalsobe
indicatedbyfootnotes.
5.Formattingthetext
Thetextofyourpapershouldbeformattedasfollows:

11pointTimesorTimesRomanorTimesNewRomandependingonthefontsinstalled
onyourcomputer.
Thetextshouldbesettosinglelinespacing.
Paragraphsshouldbejustified.
The first paragraph after a section or subsection should not be indented; subsequent
paragraphsshouldbeindentedby5mm.

6.Sections,subsectionsandsubsubsections
Theuseofsectionstodividethetextofthepaperisoptionalandleftasadecisionfortheauthor.
Wheretheauthorwishestodividethepaperintosectionstheformattingshownintable2shouldbe
used.

6.1.Styleandspacing
Table2.Formattingsections,subsectionsandsubsubsections.

Font Spacing
Section 11pointTimesbold 1linespacebeforeasection
Noadditionalspaceafterasectionheading
Subsection 11pointTimesItalic 1linespacebeforeasubsection
Nospaceafterasubsectionheading
Subsubsection 11pointTimesItalic Subsubsectionheadingsshouldendwithafull
stop(period)andrunintotheparagraphtext

6.2.Numbering
Sectionsshouldbenumberedasfollows:

sectionsshouldbenumbered1,2,3,etc
subsectionsshouldbenumbered2.1,2.2,2.3,etc
subsubsectionsshouldbenumbered2.3.1,2.3.2,etc
withadotfollowingthenumberandthenseparatedbyasinglespace.

6.2.1.Thisisanexampleofasubsubsection.Notethatthetextforsubsubsectionheadingsshouldbe
runintothetextofthefirstparagraph.

7.Footnotes
Footnotesshouldbeavoidedwheneverpossible.Ifrequiredtheyshouldbeusedonlyforbriefnotes
thatdonotfitconvenientlyintothetext.PleasereadappendixAInsertingfootnoteswithMicrosoft
WordforguidelinesonworkingwithWordsfootnotefacility.

8.Figures
Eachfigureshouldhaveabriefcaptiondescribingitand,ifnecessary,akeytointerpretthevarious
linesandsymbolsonthefigure.

8.1.Spaceconsiderations
Authorsshouldtrytomakeeconomicaluseofthespaceonthepage;forexample:

avoidexcessivelylargewhitespacebordersaroundyourgraphics;
trytodesignillustrationsthatmakegooduseoftheavailablespaceavoidunnecessarily
largeamountsofwhitespacewithinthegraphic.

8.2.Textinfigures
Wherever possible try to ensure that the size of the text in your figures (apart from
superscripts/subscripts)isapproximatelythesamesizeasthemaintext(11points).

8.3.Linethickness
Ingeneral,trytoavoidextremelyfinelines(oftencalledhairlinethickness)becausesuchlinesoften
donotreproducewellwhenprintedoutyourdiagramsmaylosevitalinformationwhendownloaded
andprintedbyotherresearchers.Trytoensurethatlinesarenothinnerthan0.25pt.Notethatsome
illustrationsmayreducelinethicknesswhenthegraphicisimportedandreducedinsize(scaleddown)
insideMicrosoftWord.

8.4.Colourillustrations
Youarefreetousecolourillustrationsfortheonlineversionof IOPConferenceSeries:Materials
ScienceandEngineeringbutanyprintversionwillonlybeprintedinblackandwhiteunlessspecial
arrangementshavebeenmadewithyourconferenceorganizerforcolourprinting.Pleasecheck
withtheconferenceorganizerwhetherornotthisisthecase.Ifanyprintversionwillbeblackand
whiteonly,youshouldcheckyourfigurecaptionscarefullyandremoveanyreferencetocolourinthe
illustrationandtext.Inaddition,somecolourfigureswilldegradeorsufferlossofinformationwhen
convertedtoblackandwhiteandthisshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenpreparingthem.

8.5.Positioningfigures
Individual figures should normally be centred but place two figures sidebyside if they will fit
comfortablylikethisasitsavesspace.Placethefigureascloseaspossibleafterthepointwhereitis
firstreferencedinthetext.Iftherearealargenumberoffiguresitmightbenecessarytoplacesome
beforetheirtextcitation.Figuresshouldneverappearwithinorafterthereferencelist.

8.6.Figurecaptions/numbering
Thecaptionshouldbebelowthefigureandseparatedfromitbyadistanceof6pointsalthoughto
save space it is acceptable to put the caption next to the figure. Figures should be numbered
sequentiallythroughthetextFigure1,Figure2andsoforthandshouldbereferencedinthetext
asfigure1,figure2,andnotfig.1,fig.2,.
Forcaptionsnotplacedatthesideofthefigure,captionsshouldbesettothewidthofthefigurefor
widerfigures,centredacrossthewidthofthefigure,or,fornarrowfigureswithwidecaptions,slightly
extendedbeyondthewidthofthefigure.Thecaptionshouldfinishwithafullstop(period).

8.6.1.How to format figures and captions. One of the easiest ways to format a figure and the
correspondingcaptionistoplacethefigureandcaptioninatablecontainingonecolumnandtwo
rows;placethegraphicinthetoprowandthecaptioninthebottomrow.Toformatthefigure/table
combination,youcanadjustthewidthofthetable,centrethetableandadjustthewidthoftherowsto
givetheappropriatelayout.

8.6.2.Examples. Thefollowingexamplesshowhowtoformatanumberofdifferentfigure/caption
combinations. Note that the table borders are shown as broken lines for guidance only; they
shouldnot,ofcourse,beshowninyouractualpaper.

Figurewithashort(narrow)caption.Centrethetableandcentrethecaptionandfigureinside
eachtablecell.

Figure3.Figurewithshortcaption(captioncentred).

Narrowfigure/widecaption.Tosavespaceonthepageputthecaptiontotherightofthe
figureasshown.Todothisplacethegraphicanditscaptioninatablewithonerowandtwo
columns.Justifythecaption.
 Figure4. Thisisafigurewithacaptionthatis
widerthantheactualgraphic.Tosavespaceyou
canputthecaptiontotherightofthefigureby
placingthegraphicandjustifiedcaptioninatable
withonerowandtwocolumns.

Widerfigure/widercaption.Thisisafigurewithacaptionaswideastheactualgraphic.In
thiscasesimplyjustifythecaptionacrossthewidthofthegraphic.

Figure5.Inthiscasesimplyjustifythecaptionsothatitisasthe
samewidthasthegraphic.

9.Sidebysidefigures.Wherepossible,trytoplacefiguressidebysidetoreducetheamountofspace
used.Useatabletodothis.Forexample,toputtwofiguressidebysidecreateatablewiththree
columnsandtworows.Makethemiddlecolumnnarrowtoprovidesomespacebetweenthegraphics,
asshownbelow. Notethatthetablebordersareshownasbrokenlines forguidanceonly;they
shouldnot,ofcourse,beshowninyouractualpaper.
 Figure 1. These two figures Figure 2. These two figures
have been placed sidebyside have been placed sidebyside
to save space. Justify the to save space. Justify the
caption. caption.

9.1.Figuresinparts
Ifafigurehaspartstheseshouldbelabelledas(a),(b),(c)etcontheactualfigure.Partsshouldnot
haveseparatecaptions.

10.Tables
Notethatasageneralprinciple,forlargetablesfontsizescanbereducedtomakethetablefitona
pageorfittothewidthofthetext.

10.1.Positioningtables
Tablesshouldbecentredunlesstheyoccupythefullwidthofthetext.

10.2.Tablesinparts
Ifatableisdividedintopartstheseshouldbelabelled(a),(b),(c)etcbutthereshouldonlybeone
captionforthewholetable,notseparateonesforeachpart.

10.3.Tablecaptions/numbering
Tablesshouldbenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetextandreferredtointhetextbynumber
(table1,nottab.1etc).Captionsshouldbeplacedatthetopofthetableandshouldhaveafullstop
(period)attheend.Exceptforverynarrowtableswithawidecaption(seeexamplesbelow)the
captionshouldbethesamewidthasthetable.Note,tosetcaptionstobethesamewidthasthetable,
oneconvenientmethodistoplacethecaptioninsidearowatthetopofthetableandmerge(combine)
thecellstogethersothatyouhaveasingletablecellthewidthofthetable(selecttherowtocontain
thecaptionanddoTableMergeCells).

10.4.Rulesintables
Tablesshouldhaveonlyhorizontalrulesandnoverticalones.Generally,onlythreerulesshouldbe
used:oneatthetopofthetable,oneatthebottom,andonetoseparatetheentriesfromthecolumn
headings.Tablerulesshouldbe0.5pointswide.
10.5.Examples
Because tables can take many forms, it is difficult to provide detailed guidelines; however, the
followingexamplesdemonstrateourpreferredstyles.

10.5.1.Asimpletable.Thefollowingexampleisasimple,narrowtable.Hereweextendthecaption
textoutsidethewidthofthetable.

Table 3. A simple table. Place the caption above the

table. Here the caption is wider than the table so we
extenditslightlyoutsidethewidthofthetable.Justify
thetext.Leave6ptofspacebetweenthecaptionandthe
topofthetable.

Distance(m) Velocity(ms1)
100 23.56
150 34.64
200 23.76
250 27.9

10.5.2.Amorecomplextable. Thefollowingisaslightlymorecomplextablewithacaptionthatis
narrowerthanthetable.Centrethecaptionacrossthewidthofthetable.Ifitisdifficulttomakea
tablefitthepage,useasmallerfont.HeadingsshouldnormallybeinRoman(i.e.,notboldoritalic)
type,haveaninitialcapitalandnormallyalignleft(butcentredsometimeslooksbetter);itisuptothe
authortochoosealayoutthatismostusefultothereader.Columnsofnumbersnormallyalignonthe
decimalpointanditisquitepossibletodothisinWordusingadecimaltab;howeverwewillnot
describethisheredetailsmaybefoundinWordshelpfacility.

Table4.Aslightlymorecomplextablewithanarrowcaption.
WakeChiSqr. p Stage1ChiSqr. p Stage2ChiSqr. p
(N=15,df=1) (N=15,df=1) (N=15,df=1)
F3 1.143 0.285 0.286 0.593 0.286 0.593
Fz 1.143 0.285 0.067 0.796 0.067 0.796
F4 4.571 0.033 1.667 0.197 1.143 0.285
C3 0.286 0.593 0.067 0.796 0.067 0.796
Cz 1.143 0.285 0.077 0.782 0.286 0.593
C4 2.571 0.109 0.600 0.439 1.667 0.197
P3 0.000 1.000 0.600 0.439 0.600 0.439
Pz 0.286 0.593 1.143 0.285 0.286 0.593
P4 0.286 0.593 0.000 1.000 0.067 0.796
 Table5.Aslightlymorecomplextablewithacaptionthatisthesamewidthas
thetable.Simplyplacethecaptioninsidearowatthetopofthetableandmerge
(combine)thecellstogethersothatyouhaveasingletablecellthewidthofthe
table(selecttherowtocontainthecaptionanddoTableMergeCells).Justify
thecaption.
WakeChiSqr. p Stage1ChiSqr. p Stage2ChiSqr. p
(N=15,df=1) (N=15,df=1) (N=15,df=1)
F3 1.143 0.285 0.286 0.593 0.286 0.593
Fz 1.143 0.285 0.067 0.796 0.067 0.796
F4 4.571 0.033 1.667 0.197 1.143 0.285
C3 0.286 0.593 0.067 0.796 0.067 0.796
Cz 1.143 0.285 0.077 0.782 0.286 0.593
C4 2.571 0.109 0.600 0.439 1.667 0.197
P3 0.000 1.000 0.600 0.439 0.600 0.439
Pz 0.286 0.593 1.143 0.285 0.286 0.593
P4 0.286 0.593 0.000 1.000 0.067 0.796

10.6.Notestotables
Ifyouwishtoformatatablesothatitcontainsnotes(tablefootnotes)totheentrieswithinthebodyof
thetableand/orwithinthetablecaption,thesenotesshouldbeformattedusingalphabeticsuperscripts
suchasa,b,candsoforth.Noteswithinthetablecaptionshouldbelistedfirst.Notesshouldbeplaced
atthebottomofthetable;oneconvenientmethodistocreateanemptyrowatthebottomofthetable
tocontainthem.Again,mergethecellstogiveyouasinglecellthewidthofthetable.Tablenotes
shouldbe10pointTimesRoman.Eachnoteshouldbeonaseparateline.
Table6.Atablewithheadingsspanningtwocolumnsandcontainingnotes a.

Thickness Separationenergies
Nucleus (mgcm ) 2
Composition ,n(MeV) ,2n(MeV)
181
Ta 19.30.1b Natural 7.6 14.2
208
Pb 3.80.8 c
99%enriched 7.4 14.1
209
Bi 2.60.01 c
Natural 7.5 14.4
a
Notesarereferencedusingalphasuperscripts.
b
Selfsupporting.
c
DepositedoverAlbacking.

11.Equationsandmathematics

11.1.FontsinEquationEditor(orMathType)
MakesurethatyourEquationEditororMathTypefonts,includingsizes,aresetuptomatchthetextof
yourdocument.

11.2.Pointsofstyle
11.2.1.Vectors. Bold italic characters is our preferred style but the author may use any standard
notation;forexample,anyofthesestylesforvectorsisacceptable:

thevectorcrossproductofaandbisgivenby a b ,or
thevectorcrossproductofaandbisgivenby a b ,or
r r r
thevectorcrossproductof a and b isgivenby ar b .

11.2.2.Thesolidus(/ ).Atwolinesolidusshouldbeavoidedwherepossible;forexample,use
1
1 S0
2 2
1 S

Ma
0
d
N
insteadof
Ma
0
d 0
N
12
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
x insteadof .
y x y

11.2.3.Romananditalicinmathematics.Variablesshouldbeinitalic;howevertherearesomecases
whereitisbettertouseaRomanfont:
UseaRomandforadifferentiald,forexample, tan dy dx .
UseaRomaneforanexponentiale;forexample, y e x .
UseaRomaniforthesquarerootof1;e.g., i 1.
Certainothercommonmathematicalfunctions,suchascos,sin,detandker,shouldappearin
Romantype.
SubscriptsandsuperscriptsshouldbeinRomantypeiftheyarelabelsratherthanvariablesor
charactersthattakevalues.Forexampleintheequation
m g n Bm
m,thezcomponentofthenuclearspin,isitalicbecauseitcanhavedifferentvalueswhereasn
isRomanbecauseitisalabelmeaningnuclear.

11.3.Alignmentofmathematics
The preferred style for displayed mathematics in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineeringistocentreequations;however,longequationsthatwillnotfitononeline,orneedtobe
continuedonsubsequentlines,shouldstartflushleft.Anycontinuationlinesinsuchequationsshould
beindentedby25mm.
Equationsshouldbesplitatmathematicallysoundpoints,oftenimmediatelybefore=,+orsigns
orbetweentermsmultipliedtogether.Theconnectingsignsarenotrepeatedandappearonlyatthe
beginningoftheturnedoverline.Amultiplicationsignshouldbeaddedtothestartofturnedover
lineswherethebreakisbetweentwomultipliedterms.

11.3.1.Smalldisplayedequations:Someexamples:
r r
r

k (r ) 2 exp i k r
23
(1)

A A A
32
( I 32 ) (2)
 r r
C 12 x x r
L
r2 xdx
1 const
L2
r
x2
L
(3)
r 2 L
1 const ln L .
L2 r
However,ifequationswillfitononeline,doso;forexample,(5)mayalsobeformattedas:

r r r2
L
xdx r 2 L
C 12 x x r 1 const r x 2 L 1 const ln L (6)
L2 L2 r

11.3.2.Largedisplayequations:examples.Ifanequationisalmostthewidthofaline,placeitflush
leftagainstthemargintoallowroomfortheequationnumber.
1
1 (h )2 [ E ( E v h )] 2
E
Y (h )
q [(h r )2 (h )2 ]2 ( h1 2 )2 (h )2 E EV 1
exp[( E E m ) kT ] 1
dE (7)
[ E ( E v E )] 2

o
/ 2
o hn hn hn
/2 cos ( ) cos 1 q cos ( ) sin cos
1 q 1 q 1 q d cos ( )
2
1 q

hn
d
hn

hn



hn2 d sin ( )

hn
sin ( ) sin sin
1 q sin ( ) cos 1 q
1 q

o hn
/ 2 cos ( )cos
1 q
2
1 q
h
hn 2
hn
d . (8)

sin ( )sin
1 q

11.4.Miscellaneouspoints
Exponentialexpressions,especiallythosecontainingsubscriptsorsuperscripts,areclearerif
thenotation exp K isused,exceptforsimpleexamples.Forinstance, exp i kx t and

exp z 2 arepreferredto e i kx t and e z2, but e 2 isacceptable.Similarlythesquarerootsign
shouldonlybeusedwithrelativelysimpleexpressions,e.g. 2 and a 2 b2 , butin
othercasesthepower1 2 shouldbeused.
Itisimportanttodistinguishbetween ln log e and lg log10.
Braces,bracketsandparenthesesshouldbeusedinthefollowingorder:{[()]}.Thesame
orderingofbracketsshouldbeusedwithineachsize.However,thisorderingcanbeignoredif
thebracketshaveaspecialmeaning(e.g.iftheydenoteanaverageorafunction).
Decimalfractionsshouldalwaysbeprecededbyazero:forexample0.123 not.123(note,do
notusecommas,usethedecimalpoint).
 Equationsthatarereferredtointhetextshouldbenumberedwiththenumberontheright
handside.

11.5.Equationnumbering
Equationsmaybenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetext(i.e.,(1),(2),(3), )ornumberedby
section(i.e.,(1.1),(1.2),(2.1),)dependingontheauthorspersonalpreference.Inarticleswith
severalappendicesequationnumberingbysectionisusefulintheappendicesevenwhensequential
numberinghasbeenusedthroughoutthemainbodyofthetext:forexample,A.1,A.2andsoforth.
Whenreferringtoanequationinthetext,alwaysputtheequationnumberinbracketse.g.asin
equation (2) or as inequation(2.1)andalways spell out the word equation in full, e.g. if
equation(5)isfactorized;donotuseabbreviationssuchaseqn.oreq..

12.Appendices
Technicaldetailthatitisnecessarytoinclude,butthatinterruptstheflowofthearticle,maybe
consignedtoanappendix.Anyappendicesshouldbeincludedattheendofthemaintextofthepaper,
aftertheacknowledgmentssection(ifany)butbeforethereferencelist.Iftherearetwoormore
appendicestheyshouldbecalledappendixA,appendixB,etc.
Numberedequationsshouldbeintheform(A.1),(A.2),etc,figuresshouldappearasfigureA1,
figureB1,etcandtablesastableA1,tableB1,etc.

13.References
Aspartoftheproductionsystemfor IOPConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceandEngineering,
online versions of all reference lists will, wherever possible, be linked electronically using IOP
PublishingsHyperCitetechnology.Consequently,it vitally importantforallthereferencestobe
accurateandtobecarefullyformattedusingtheguidelinesbelow,enablingyourpapertobeavailable
onlinewiththeminimumofdelay.
A complete reference should provide the reader with enough information to locate the article
concerned, whether published in print or electronic form, and should, depending on the type of
reference,consistof:

name(s)andinitials;
datepublished;
titleofjournal,bookorotherpublication;
titlesofjournalarticlesmayalsobeincluded(optional);
volumenumber;
editors,ifany;
townofpublicationandpublisherinparenthesesforbooks;
thepagenumbers.

Twodifferentstylesofreferencingareincommonuse:theHarvardalphabeticalsystemandthe
Vancouvernumericalsystem.ForIOPConferenceSeries:MaterialsScienceandEngineering,please
usetheVancouvernumericalsystemasdescribedbelow.

13.1.Numericalsystem
Inthenumericalsystemreferencesarenumberedsequentiallythroughoutthetext.Thenumbersoccur
withinsquarebrackets,likethis[2],andonenumbercanbeusedtodesignateseveralreferences.The
referencelistgivesthereferencesinnumerical,notalphabetical,order.
13.1.1.Referencestoprintedjournalarticles. Anormalreferencetoajournalarticlecontainsthree
changesoffont(seetable6).

Pointstonote
Thereshouldbea5mmgapbetweenthereferencenumber(e.g.,[8])andthestartofthe
referencetext.Secondandsubsequentlinesofindividualreferencesshouldbeindentedby
5mm.Forexample:

[1] AderholdJ,DavydovVYu,FedlerF,KlausingH,MisteleD,RotterT,SemchinovaO,
StemmerJandGraulJ2001J.Cryst.Growth222701

theauthorsshouldbeintheformsurname(withonlythefirstlettercapitalized)followedby
theinitialswithnoperiodsaftertheinitials.Authorsshouldbeseparatedbyacommaexcept
forthelasttwowhichshouldbeseparatedbyandwithnocommaprecedingit.
Thearticletitle(ifgiven)shouldbeinlowercaseletters,exceptforaninitialcapital,and
shouldfollowthedate.
The journal title is in italic and is abbreviated. If a journal has several parts denoted by
differentlettersthepartlettershouldbeinsertedafterthejournalinRomantype,e.g. Phys.
Rev.A.
Both the initial and final page numbers should be given where possible. The final page
numbershouldbeintheshortestpossibleformandseparatedfromtheinitialpagenumberby
anenrule,e.g.120314,i.e.thenumbers12arenotrepeated.

Table6.Fontstylesforareferencetoajournalarticle.

Element Style
Authors Romantype
Date Romantype
Articletitle(optional) Romantype
Journaltitle Italictype
Volumenumber Boldtype
Pagenumbers Romantype

Herearesomeexamplestakenfrompublishedpapers:

[1] StriteSandMorkocH1992J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B101237
[2] JainSC,WillanderM,NarayanJandvanOverstraetenR2000J.Appl.Phys.87965
[3] Nakamura S, Senoh M, Nagahama S, Iwase N, Yamada T, Matsushita T, Kiyoku H and
SugimotoY1996Japan.J.Appl.Phys.35L74
[4] AkasakiI,SotaS,SakaiH,TanakaT,KoikeMandAmanoH1996Electron.Lett.321105
[5] OLearySK,FoutzBE,ShurMS,BhapkarUVandEastmanLF1998J.Appl.Phys.83826
[6] QianZG,ShenWZ,OgawaHandGuoQX2002J.Appl.Phys.923683
[7] GuoQX,OkadaA,KideraH,TanakaT,NishioMandOgawaH2002J.Cryst.Growth237
2391032
[8] AderholdJ,DavydovVYu,FedlerF,KlausingH,MisteleD,RotterT,SemchinovaO,
StemmerJandGraulJ2001J.Cryst.Growth222701
[9] MamutinV,VeskinV,DavydovV,RatnikovV,ShubinaT,InanovS,KopevP,KarlsteenM,
SoderwallUandWillanderM1999Phys.StatusSolidi176247
[10] JenkinsDWandDowJD1989Phys.Rev.B393317
[12] TansleyTLandEganRJ1992Phys.Rev.B4510942
[13] WesselR,KochCandGabbianiF1996Codingoftimevaryingelectricfieldamplitude
modulationsinawavetypeelectricfishJ.Neurophysiol.75228093

13.1.2.Referencestopreprints.Forpreprintstherearetwodistinctcases:
1. Wherethearticlehasbeenpublishedinajournalandthepreprintissupplementaryreference
information.Inthiscaseitshouldbepresentedas:

[1] KunzeK2003Tduality and Penrose limits of spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous

cosmologiesPhys.Rev.D68063517(arXiv:grqc/0303038)

2. Wheretheonlyreferenceavailableisthepreprint.Inthiscaseitshouldbepresentedas

[1] MilsonR,ColeyA,PravdaVandPravdovaA2004Alignmentandalgebraicallyspecialtensors
arXiv:grqc/0401010

13.1.3.Referencestobooks,conferenceproceedingsandreports. Referencestobooks,proceedings
andreportsaresimilartojournalreferences,buthaveonlytwochangesoffont(seetable7).
Table7. Fontstylesforreferencesto books,conference
proceedingsandreports.

Element Style
Authors Romantype
Date Romantype
Booktitle Italictype
Editors Romantype
Place(city,townetc)of Romantype
publication
Publisher Romantype
Volume Romantype
Pagenumber(s) Romantype
Pointstonote

Booktitlesareinitalicandshouldbespeltoutinfullwithinitialcapitallettersforallexcept
minorwords.WordssuchasProceedings,Symposium,International,Conference,Second,etc
shouldbeabbreviatedto Proc., Symp., Int., Conf., 2nd,respectively,buttherestofthetitle
shouldbegiveninfull,followedbythedateoftheconferenceandthetownorcitywherethe
conference was held. For laboratory reports the laboratory should be spelt out wherever
possible,e.g.ArgonneNationalLaboratoryReport.
Thevolumenumber,forexamplevol2,shouldbefollowedbytheeditors,ifany,inaform
suchasedAJSmithandPRJones.Useetaliftherearemorethantwoeditors.Nextcomes
thetownofpublicationandpublisher,withinbracketsandseparatedbyacolon,andfinally
 thepagenumbersprecededbypifonlyonenumberisgivenorppifboththeinitialandfinal
numbersaregiven.

Examplestakenfrompublishedpapers:

[1] Kurata M 1982 NumericalAnalysisforSemiconductorDevices(Lexington, MA: Heath)

[2] Selberherr S 1984 AnalysisandSimulationofSemiconductorDevices(Berlin: Springer)
[3] SzeSM1969Physics of Semiconductor Devices (NewYork:WileyInterscience)
[4] DormanLI1975 VariationsofGalacticCosmicRays (Moscow:MoscowStateUniversity
Press)p103
[5] CaplarRandKulisicP1973Proc.Int.Conf.onNuclearPhysics(Munich)vol1(Amsterdam:
NorthHolland/AmericanElsevier)p517
[6] Cheng G X 2001 Raman and Brillouin ScatteringPrinciples and Applications (Beijing:
Scientic)
[7] SzytulaAandLeciejewiczJ1989HandbookonthePhysicsandChemistryofRareEarthsvol
12,edKAGschneidnerJrandLErwin(Amsterdam:Elsevier)p133
[8] Kuhn T 1998 Density matrix theory of coherent ultrafast dynamics Theory of Transport
Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures (Electronic Materials vol 4) ed E Schll
(London:ChapmanandHall)chapter6pp173214
[9] KuhnT,BinderE,RossiF,LohnerA,RickK,LeischingP,LeitenstorferA,ElsaesserTand
Stolz W 1994 Coherent excitonic and freecarrier dynamics in bulk GaAs and
heterostructures CoherentOpticalInteractionsinSemiconductors:Proc.NATOAdvanced
Research Workgroup (Cambridge, UK, 1114 August 1993) (NATO Advanced Study
Institute,SeriesB:Physicsvol330)edRTPhillips(NewYork:Plenum)pp3362

13.1.4.References to IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) articles.
EachconferenceproceedingpublishedinMSEwillbeaseparatevolumeandpapersarepublished
usinganarticlenumberingsystem;consequently,referencestopaperspublishedinMSEshoulduse
thefollowingstyle:

DouglasG2008IOPConf.Ser.:Mater.Sci.Eng.25012001

Thiswouldbeareferencetoarticle012001involume25.

13.2.Referencelists
Uptotenauthorsmaybegiveninaparticularreference;wheretherearemorethantenonlythefirst
shouldbegivenfollowedbyetal.
AbbreviationsofthenamesofperiodicalsusedbyIOPPublishingareusuallythesameasthose
giveninBritishStandardBS4148:1985.Ifanauthorisunsureofanabbreviationitisbesttoleave
thetitleinfull.Thetermsloc.cit.andibidshouldnotbeused.
Unpublishedconferencesandreportsshouldgenerallynotbeincludedinthereferencelistand
articlesinthecourseofpublicationshouldbeenteredonlyifthejournalofpublicationisknown.A
thesissubmittedforahigherdegreemaybeincludedinthereferencelistifithasnotbeensuperseded
byapublishedpaperandisavailablethroughalibrary;sufficientinformationshouldbegivenforitto
betracedreadily.

14.Crossreferencing
 References.Referencesshouldbecitedinthetextusingsquarebrackets;forexample,[3].
Figures.Figuresshouldbereferencedinthetextasfigure1,figure2etc.
Tables.Tablesshouldbereferencedastable1,table2etc.
Sections,subsectionsandsubsubsections.Forexamplesection3.1notsec.3.1.
Equations.Equationsreferencesshouldcontaintheequationnumberinparentheses,suchas
(3.1).Notethatitisnotnormallynecessarytoincludethewordequationbeforeanequation
number except where the number starts a sentence. The word equation should not be
abbreviated.

Acknowledgments
Authors wishing to acknowledge assistance or encouragement from colleagues, special work by
technical staff or financial support from organizations should do so in an unnumbered
Acknowledgmentssectionimmediatelyfollowingthelastnumberedsectionofthepaper.

AppendixA.InsertingfootnoteswithMicrosoftWord
Supposeyouneedtoformatanauthorlistasfollows:

JMucklow1,4,JEThomas2,5andAJCox3,6

where superscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to addresses and superscripts 4 and 5 are to provide further
information,viafootnotes,suchastoindicatethecorrespondingauthor(4)anddetailsofresearch
funding(5).So,weneedtohavethefirstfootnoteasnumber4.Fortunately,Wordallowsyoutoset
thenumberatwhichfootnotesstart.
FromtheInsertmenuoption,selectReference(ortheequivalentoptionifyouarenotusingWord
XP)todisplayadialogboxthatcontrolstheinsertionoffootnotesandendnotes:
Becauseweneedthefirstfootnotetostartat4,type4intheStartat:textboxasshownabove.
ClickApplytorestartthenumbering.