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Mr. N.Tamilselvam
Ap/Aero
ACE-HOSUR
UNIT-I
AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINES
Impulse and reaction blading of gas turbines
Velocity triangles and power output
Vortex theory
Choice of blade profile, pitch and chord
Estimation of stage performance
Limiting factors in gas turbine design
Methods of blade cooling
Matching of turbine and compressor.
Numerical problems
University question paper solution
Gas Turbines
Work can be extracted from a gas at higher
inlet pressure to the lower back pressure by
allowing it to flow through the turbine.
The work done by the gas is equivalent to the
change of its enthalpy.
Turbine
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that
extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it
into useful work. A turbine
is turbomachine with at least one moving part
called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum
with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the
blades so that they move and impart rotational
energy to the rotor. Early
Impulse and reaction turbine
Impulse turbines
An impulse stage is characterized by the expansion of the gas
which occurs only in the stator nozzles.
The rotor blades act as directional vanes to deflect the
direction of the flow.
They convert the K.E. of the gas into work by changing the
momentum of the gas more or less at constant pressure.
Reaction turbines
A reaction stage is one in which expansion of the gas takes
place both in the stator & in the rotor.
The function of the stator is the same as that of the impulse
stage, but the function of the rotor is in two folds
Methods of blade cooling
RAMJET PROPULSION
Operating principle of Ram jet engine
Sub critical, critical and supercritical operation of Ramjet
Combustion in Ramjet engine
Ramjet performance
Sample Ramjet design calculations
Introduction to scramjet.
Preliminary concepts in supersonic combustion
Integral ram- rocket
Numerical Problems
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF RAMJET
RAMJET ENGINE
A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a flying
stovepipe or an athodyd (an abbreviation
of aero thermodynamic duct), is a form of air
breathing jet engine that uses the engine's forward
motion to compress incoming air without an axial
compressor. Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero
airspeed; they cannot move an aircraft from a
standstill. A ramjet-powered vehicle, therefore,
requires an assisted take-off like a rocket assist to
accelerate it to a speed where it begins to produce
thrust. Ramjets work most efficiently
at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,284 mph;
3,675 km/h). This type of engine can operate up to
speeds of Mach 6 (4,567 mph; 7,350 km/h).
RAMJET OPERATION
jet engine without compressor and turbines
very simple engine configuration
there are no shafts, no rotating parts
flow coming inside the intake M>1
Intake should have a capability to handle shocks
Shocks positioned in the intake system of the
ramjets and the flow comes in through these
shocks and they get supersonically decelerated or
diffused or compressed
At First, supersonic compression is happening
through the intake system through a series of shocks.
All of these are actually to begin with oblique
shocks, ending finally, with a normal shock, at the
end of which the flow actually does become
subsonic and then the subsonic diffusion is
happening through a normal diffusion process.
supersonic compression followed by a subsonic
diffusion or subsonic compression
Subcritical
If the heat release in the combustor is increased, the static
pressure at the exit of the subsonic diffuser is greater than can be
achieved under the design condition. The normal shock wave moves
upstream, is expelled from the diffuser, and continues to move
toward the vertex of the supersonic diffuser. Behind the normal
shock wave, the flow is subsonic. Since
the shock wave is detached from the inlet, the incoming air spills
over the cowl of the diffuser. increasing vehicle drag and possibly
leading to instability.
Supercritical
CHEMICAL ROCKETS
Solid propellant rockets Selection criteria of solid
propellants
Hardware components of solid rockets Propellant grain
design considerations
Liquid propellant rockets Selection of liquid propellants
Cooling in liquid rockets
Hybrid rockets
Numerical problems
University question paper solution
LIQUID ROCKET MOTOR
UNIT-V
ADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNIQUES
Electric rocket propulsion
Ion propulsion techniques
Nuclear rocket
Solar sail
Concepts in nozzleless propulsion
Numerical problems
University question paper solution
Revision
Electric rocket propulsion
ELECTRO THERMAL
ELECTRO MAGNETIC(PLASMA THRUSTERS)
ELECTRO STATIC(ION PROPULSION
ELECTRO THERMAL PROPULSION