WellTestInterpretation

SKM4323

RESERVOIRBOUNDARIES

Azmi Mohd Arshad

DepartmentofPetroleumEngineering
WEEK08
LINEARSEALINGFAULTS
Description
 Description/2

Theboundaryconditioncorrespondingtoalinearfault
isthelinearnoflowboundary.
 TheMethodofImages
Anoflowlineatadistance,d,fromthewellis
obtainedanalyticallywiththemethodofimagesby
superposing:
thepressuredropatthewellinaninfiniteacting
reservoir;
thepressuredropduetoanidenticalwellwiththesame
flowratehistorylocatedatadistance,2d,fromthewell
andsymmetrictotheboundary.
TheMethodofImages/2
 TheMethodofImages/3
Inthepresenceofanoflowboundary,the
pressureatthewellisexpressedby:

p D = p D (t D , rD = 1, S) + p D (t D , 2rD , 0) (7.1)

Pressure drop Pressure drop due

at the well to the image well

WhererD =d/rw isthedistancefromthelinear

sealingfaulttothewellindimensionless
variables.
ConventionalInterpretationMethod
Ifthetestislongenough,thefaultappearsasastraightline
withaslopedoublethatoftheinitialone.
Thepropertycanbeseenbothindrawdownandbuildup.
ConventionalInterpretationMethod/2

Letti bethetimewhenthestraightlineswitha
slopeofmand2mintersect.Thedistance,d,from
thewelltothefaultisdeterminedby:

kt i
d = 0.012 (in practical US units) (4.35)
c t

Forthismethodtobeapplicable,thedoubleslope
straightlinemustbereached.
ConventionalInterpretationMethod/3
Inbuildup,whatevertheflowratehistory,thefirstsemilog
straightlinecanbeextrapolatedtoinfinitetime(i.e.
(tp+t)/t=1onaHornerplot)todeterminethe
extrapolatedpressurep*.ItisusedintheMBHmethodto
calculatetheaveragereservoirpressure.

Duringtheinitialtests,thesecondsemilogstraightline
(withaslopeof2m)isextrapolatedtodeterminetheinitial
reservoirpressure,pi,whenonlyonenoflowboundaryhas
beenperceivedbythetest.
 TypeCurves:TheDerivative
Thesemilogstraightlineischaracterizedonthe
loglogplotpD versustD/CD byastabilizationofthe
derivativeat0.5,thatrepresentsthevalueofthe
slopeofthesemilogstraightlineindimensionless
terms.
Thedoublingoftheslopecharacteristicsofthe
faultischaracterizedonthederivativebya
doublingofthelevelofthederivative.Itgoesfrom
0.5to1onadimensionlessgraph.
TypeCurves:TheDerivative/2
 TypeCurves:TheDerivative/3
Thetimewhenthederivativeleavesthefirst
stabilizationcanbeusedtodeterminetheradiusof
investigationofthetestcorrespondingtothetime
whenthecompressiblezonereachesthefault.

Determinationinthiswayismoreaccuratethan
theresultobtainedbytheconventionalmethod.
 Example11

(Inclassworkshop)
Linearsealingfaults
CHANNELS
 DescriptionofFlows
Theboundaryconditiondealtwithundertheterm
channelscorrespondstotwoinfiniteparallelno
flowlinearboundaries.
ConventionalInterpretationMethod
ConventionalInterpretationMethod/2

Determinationofthewidthofthechannelisbased
onthestraightlineobtainedbyplottingthe
pressuredropversusthesquarerootoftime.
Thewidthofthechannelcanbedeterminedby:

8.13 qB
w= (in practical US units) (8.7)
hm k ct
TypeCurves:TheDerivative

Infinite channel
TypeCurves:TheDerivative/2

Bounded channel
 Example12

(Inclassworkshop)
Channels
INTERSECTINGFAULTS
 Description
Duringatesttwointersectingnoflowboundaries,faultfor
example,canbeperceived.
Thedistancefromthewelltoeachoneofthemcanbe
characterizedbyconventionalmethodsandbyusingthe
pressurederivative.
 ConventionalAnalysis
Thepresenceoftwointersectingnoflow
boundariesmaybefeltbythetransitionfroman
initialmslopesemilogstraightlinetoasecondone
withaslopeof2m/ ( inradians).
Ifthewellislocatedclosertooneoftheboundaries
thantheother,astraightlinewithaslopeof2m
maycomebeforethetransitiontotheonewitha
slopeof2m/.
ConventionalAnalysis/2
 ConventionalAnalysis/3
Theanglebetweenthetwoboundariesischaracterized
bytheratioofslopesofthetwosemilogstraightlines:

m1
= 2
m2
Thedistancefromthewelltothecloserboundarycanbe
characterizedbytheradiusofinvestigationofthetestat
thetimewhentheboundaryisperceivedatthewell
 ConventionalAnalysis/4
Mostofthetimeitisnecessarytomatchthe
pressureandthepressurederivativedatawitha
welltestanalyticalmodeltodeterminethe
distancefromthewelltothefartherboundary
moreprecisely.
Inbuilduptheextrapolatedpressurep*isreadon
thefirstsemilogstraightlineatinfinitet.
Duringinitialtests,theinitialpressurecanberead
onthesecondsemilogstraightline(theonewith
theslopeof2m/)atinfinitet.
 TypeCurves:TheDerivative
Thepresenceoftwofaultswithanangleq
betweenthemischaracterizedbythepressure
derivativegoingfromaninitialstabilizationat0.5
toasecondoneat/ ( inradians)ona
dimensionlessloglogplot.
Thesmallerq,thelongerittakestoreachthe
secondstabilization.
Astabilizationat1(1boundary)maybecome
beforethestabilizationat/ ifthewellislocated
muchclosertooneoftheboundariesthanthe
other.
TypeCurves:TheDerivative/2
 TypeCurves:TheDerivative/3
Whentheangleisverysmall,thetwofaultscanbe
consideredaspracticallyparallel:theybehavelike
achannel.
Thetransitionbetweenthestabilizationat0.5and
theoneat/ correspondstoaquasilinearflow
withthederivativeincreasingasaslopestraight
line.
TypeCurves:TheDerivative/4
 References
1. Bourdarot,Gilles:WellTesting:Interpretation
Methods,ditions Technip,1998.
2. Internet.