science revision

guide!

DONE BY AMAL MAHMOOD!

GY8
I.C.T.
 Respiratory System
The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for
taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of
the respiratory system are lungs, which carry out this exchange of
gases as we breathe.
In humans, the average rate of breathing is dependent upon age. A new
born's normal breathing rate is about 40 times each minute and may
slow to 20 to 40 times per minute when the baby is sleeping,
according to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
For adults, the average resting respiratory rate for adults is 12 to 16
breaths per minute, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. Physical
exertion also has an effect on respiratory rate, and healthy adults can
average 45 breaths per minute during strenuous exercise.

BIOLOGY
 Digestive system!
The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert
food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food
passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary
canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).
The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning
them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and
repair itself. The six primary processes of the digestive system include:
Ingestion of food
Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes
Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body
Digestion of food into smaller pieces
Absorption of nutrients
Excretion of wastes

 Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or
the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to
circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and
electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells
to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and
help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and
maintain homeostasis. The study of the blood flow is called
hemodynamic. The study of the properties of the blood flow is
called hemorheology.
The average human body contains about 4 to 5 litres of blood. As a
liquid connective tissue, it transports many substances through
the body and helps to maintain homeostasis of nutrients,
wastes, and gases. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white
blood cells, platelets, and liquid plasma.
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