SAKINA MAWARDAH

HILMAN FIRDAUS
JANUAR TRI SEJATI
NUR AZIZAH
SETIANI LELAWATI
 CHAPTER 2

Factors that Affecting Course Design

Language Description

Theories of Learning
 Factors that Affecting Course Design
WHO? WHY? WHERE?
WHEN?
Needs Analysis

ESP
Course
WHAT? HOW?
Language Learning
Description Theory
 Factors that Affecting Course Design
WHY does the student need to learn?
WHO is going to be involved in the
process?
WHERE is the learning to take place?
WHEN is the learning to take place?
WHAT does the students need to
learn?
HOW will the learning be achieved?
 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION
1. CLASSICAL OR 3. TRANSFORMATIONAL
TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR GENERATIVE (TG)
English language grammar GRAMMAR
based on classical language
Widened the view of
that each of word make a
form according to the language to incorporate
grammatical function. the relationship between
meaning and form

2. STRUCTURAL
DESCRIPTION
By varying the words
within the stuctural
frameworks, sentences
with different meanings
can be generated.
 LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION
4. LANGUAGE 6. DISCOURSE
VARIATION AND (RHETORICAL)
REGISTER ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Language as a part of
communicative whole, it Emphasis moved to
is clear that language use looking at how
shows considerable meaning is generated
variety. between sentences.

5. FUNCTIONAL OR
NOTIONAL GRAMMAR
Functions are concerned
with social behavior and
represent the intention
of the speaker or writer.
 THEORIES OF LEARNING
BEHAVIORISM

MENTALISM

COGNITIVE CODE

THE AFFECTIVE FACTOR

LEARNING AND ACQUISITION

A MODEL FOR LEARNING

 THEORIES OF LEARNING
BEHAVIORISM: Learning as habit formation
Never translate
New language should be learnt with sequence oh: hear, speak, read, write
Frequent repetition is essential to effective learning
All errors must be immediately corrected

MENTALISM: Thinking as rule-governed activity

Set of rules enables the mind to deal with the potentially infinite range of
experiences it may encounter.

COGNITIVE CODE: Learners as thinking beings

We learn by thinking about and trying to make sense of what we see, feel,
and hear.
 THEORIES OF LEARNING
THE AFFECTIVE FACTOR: Learners as emotional beings
Learners need to be motivated to learn, so teachers need to analyze
learners behavior, and needs to keep up their motivation with the
material.

LEARNING AND ACQUISITION

ESP need to have a concious (learning) and an unconcious (acquisition)

in the process of learning a language.

A MODEL FOR LEARNING

Every learners have different needs, goals, treatment and many things that
will need a specific method of learning. The correct method will bring the best
result.