Brestel 1

Gracie Brestel

Professor Leslie Bruce

English 363

Annotated Bibliography of Review Article for the Bad Ass Super Bugs (MLA Format)

Introduction

Our purpose is to review the latest research about antibiotic resistant bacteria, their global

spread, and difficulty of containment.

Drug-resistant bacteria are affecting the progression of vaccines and antibiotics that

originally kept them at bay. Super Bugs are evolving to bypass and be undetected by current

resistances set against them. This is why we must to get a flu shot every year due to new strains

of the virus constantly changing to resist the past antibiotics. As a group, we are going looking

into why these bacteria are taking the current ingredients in antibiotics and finding a way to

make themselves immune from their effects and continue moving onto the next host. Superbugs

are up coming in the world and making their presence known in the eyes in the Center for

Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Article Annotations

Kmietowicz, Zosia. "WHO Warns Of Threat Of "Superbugs"." British Medical Journal 320.7250

(2000): 1624. JSTOR [JSTOR]. Web. Accessed 10 Mar. 2017.

WHO is concerned about drugs ineffectiveness because infectious diseases have increased

and mutated their resistance to overuse and underuse of medication.

This source will aid our introduction to Super Bugs and express how they have evolved over

time to adapt to the current vaccines and drugs on the market. A connection to our topic observed

in this journal is that WHO believes if the world doesnt get control of disease and the spread of

resistance, then it will revert back to the pre-antibiotic era. WHO are looking into partnerships

with other, richer countries to tackle this problem at its current critical situation.

Perencevich, Eli N., MD, MS, Debbie M. Treise, and PhD. "Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus Aureus and the Media." Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of

America S1 31 (2010): S48-50. JSTOR [JSTOR]. Web. Accessed 11 Mar. 2017.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is classified as a superbug and the

media are frightened due to lack of traditional medicine controlling it.

This source will greatly contribute to our review by approaching the social aspect of bacteria

being a superbug. There are some wonderfully stated facts of how such a disease can spread and
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what caused it to mutate to become resistant to traditional medicine. Anchor representation is

when perceived threats (MRSA) change into more familiarized concept, relating it to preexisting

knowledge of another pathogen and lessens or enhances the current threat of said disease. This

article spreads awareness of MRSA to the public by simplifying scientific words into

comprehendible common words.

Riley, Lee W. "Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 2nd ser. 17 (1993):

S442-446. JSTOR [JSTOR]. Web. 11 Mar. 2017.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) is materializing all over the world as a major

infectious disease resistant to antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of its drug resistance.

This article benefits our group research by providing many details accurately explaining

the reasons why these drug-resistant diseases defy antibiotics, the way their internal mechanisms

make them ideal to drug resistance, and clinical features in association with extreme symptoms

and side effects. This article talks about MDRTBs relations to the HIV/AIDS pandemic through

lack of rapid detection and deterioration of the public health infrastructure (Riley, 1993). With

much overlap, both diseases have a rapid spreading virulence and are antibiotic resistant with

few drugs available to help keep the side effects at bay while working towards cure.
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Smith, Richard and Joanna Coast. "Antimicrobial Resistance: The True Cost."British Medical

Journal 346.7899 (2013): 20-22. JSTOR [JSTOR]. Web. 10 Mar. 2017.

Antimicrobial resistance estimated costs are misleading and could be the cause of wrongful

investment of attacking the problem broadly.

Our team could utilize this article to support the WHO article above in regards to the

relationship these two have with costs and drug resistance. Both articles are trying to find ways

to properly use rich countries money for proper progression towards making antibiotics. This

article states that the money needed for building/researching could be over-zealous in amount. It

was concluded that the cost effectiveness of interventions for resistance was poor (Smith,

2013). The economic impact of these high amounts should be implemented to prevent the worst

case scenario.