Noah Mattapallil

Pd. 2

1. Cesare Lombroso was an Italian physician who asserted that criminals had physically
unique characteristics.
2. A detailed physical description of a suspected criminal.
3. Bertillonage was a complex system of anthropometric measurements and physical
depictions used to identify suspected criminals.
4. The first systematic use of fingerprint ID occurred in New York City, 1902 where they
were used to verify applicant identities at civil service exams.
5. The first US conviction using fingerprints occurred in 1904 in St. Louis.
6. CJIS stands for Criminal Justice Information Services.
7. Friction ridges enhance the human hands gripping ability and are unique to each
individual.
8. Friction ridges begin to develop in the womb during the 9th and 10th weeks of fetal
development. They finish formation around the 15th or 17th week.
9. Fingerprint powder is any number of highly visible, finely ground powder that reveals
fingerprints when it is dusted on.
10. Four methods are:
a. Amido black- Protein dye sensitive to blood (turns blue-black in its presence), will
not stain the normal constituents in a latent print, cannot be used as a
presumptive test.
b. Aqueous Leucocrystal violet- Enhances bloodstained prints on porous and
nonporous surfaces. May permanently stain some surfaces and will not stain the
normal constituents.
c. Vacuum Metal Deposition- Evaporates gold or zinc in a vacuum chamber which
coats the specimen with a microscopic layer of metal. It is highly expensive.
d. Small Particle Reagent- Small black particles adhere to fatty substances in the
print. Can develop on wet surfaces and even underwater. Highly hazardous
material. Prints should be photographed before lifting is attempted.
11. The item is illuminated at different wavelengths with fluorescent powders.
12. Minutiae are miniature abnormalities in the friction ridge pattern.
13. The number of identical points on a friction ridge pattern that must be found before a
match can be determined.
14. Loops- Ridge enters and exits on the same side, Arches- Ridge arches up, Whorls-
Complete circle with deltas on either side.
15. Automated Fingerprint Identification System. IAFIS can capture latent print and 10-print
images.
16. Level 1 includes general ridge flow and pattern configuration. Level 2 detail includes
minute formations. Level 3 includes all attributes of the ridges themselves.
17. Elimination prints are a general set of prints used to eliminate individuals from the focus
of an investigation.