Preparation # 22 Peppermint Spirit o Process D hot H2O as 2.

In a separate container, dissolve soap

Formula: OA menstruum in 9 mL of pH2O.
Peppermint oil 100 mL o Process E longer/narrower 3. Add #1 and #2.
Peppermint leaves 10 g percolation 4. Set it aside for 24 hours, in a cool
Alcohol qs ad 1000 mL c) Extract place.
2 to 6x more potent than crude 5. Filter.
Procedures: drug 6. qs ad H2O to complete the volume.
1. Macerate the peppermint leaves in 7.5 Types:
mL of dH2O. Agitate for 1 hour. Glycerites
o Semi liquid syrupy; 20 mL
2. Strain through filter paper. Solution or mixture of medicinal
solvent left
3. Discard aqueous solution. Collect substances in nlt 50% by weight of
o Pilular solid extract, plastic
leaves. glycerin
4. Macerate leaves in 13.5 mL alcohol. masses, all solvent has
been evaporated Most glycerites are viscous while
Stand for 6 hours. some are jelly-like
5. Filter. Collect the filtrate. o Dry powder powdered
extract; starchy drugs; Used to prepare aqueous and
6. Mix peppermint oil. alcoholic dilutions of subtances which
7. qs ad alcohol to make 15 mL. examples: cassava, radish
are not readily soluble in H2O or
Preparation # 24 Iodine tincture alcohol
Preparation # 23 Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
Uses: local antiseptic, germicide, Protectant, emollient, pill, excipient,
Formula: OA
fungicide substitute for fatty ointment
Ammonium carbonate 34 g
Strong ammonia soln. 36 mL NaI solubilizing agent; prevents Hygroscopic
Lemon oil 10 mL formation of ethyl iodide
Lavender oil 1 mL NaI + I2 -> NaI3 (once formed, I2 will Glycerin
Nutmeg oil 1 mL not react with alcohol to form Reducing agent
Alcohol 700 mL acetaldehyde and HI causing pain Should not be triturated with strong
pH2O qs ad 1000 mL when solution is applied) oxidizing agent like KMnO4, chromium
trioxide or KClO3
Procedures: Formula: OA It produces coloration with phenol,
1. Dissolve ammonium carbonate and Iodine crystal 20 g salicylates, tannin, etc. due to
strong ammonia solution in 6 mL H2O. Sodium iodide 24 g contamination with iron
(1) Alcohol 500 mL Strong HNO3 / H2SO4 converts
2. Stand for 24 hours. pH2O qs ad 1000 mL glycerin into an explosive nitroglycerin
3. Dissolve lemon oil, nutmeg oil and Contains 3-OH group
lavender oil in 21 mL alcohol. (2) Procedures: Soluble in H2O Hygroscopic
4. Mix the two solutions. 1. Dissolve NaI in alcohol.
5. Stand for 24 hours. 2. Add Iodine crystals. Preparation # 26 Starch glycerite
6. Filter if turbid. 3. Add enough pH2O to make 30 mL. Formula: OA
7. qs ad H2O to make 30 mL.
Starch 100 g
Liniments: solution or mixture of various Benzoic acid 2g
Extractives: products prepared by substances in oil, alcoholic solution of soap pH2O 200 g -> 200 mL
extraction of drug with suitable solvent or emulsion intended for external Glycerin (1.25 g/mL)700 g -> ? mL
application; also called as embrocation 1000 g
Process: (rubbing/friction)
Percolation Procedures:
Digestion with the aid of gentle heat Types: 1. Triturate starch and benzoic acid in a
Infusion blanching; addition of hot 1. Alcoholic mortar and rub in H2O, until a smooth
H2O Intended generally for their mixture is formed (pasty).
Decoction boiling for 15 minutes rubefacient, counterirritant, mild 2. Add glycerin, triturate.
Maceration submerging the solute astringent and penetration effects 3. Transfer to final container.
Penetrates the skin readily than 4. Heat mixture in a sand bath (140-
Types: the oil base 144C) with gentle, occasional
a) Tincture 2. Oily agitation until a translucent, jelly-like
Alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solution Milder in action but are more mass is obtained.
prepared from vegetable or useful when massage is desired
animal drug or from chemical Mixtures: aqueous liquid preparation which
substances General use: protectant coating depending contain suspended (suspensoids),
10-20% potency (10-20 g / 100 on the ingredient in the preparation insoluble, solid substance
* Should not be applied on bruises and Uses suitable suspending or
mL)
broken skin thickening agents
50% alcohol content
Preparation: Preparation # 25 Camphor & Soap Liniment Insoluble substances
o Simple solution Iodine Uses: local anesthetic for sprain and - Very finely divided state
tincture rheumatism - Uniformly distributed
o Percolation Belladonna Soaps from animals cause - Accomplished by colloid mill, special
tincture gelatinization method, suspending agents
o Maceration Sweet orange
peel tincture Formula: OA CA 1. Very finely divided
b) Fluidextract Camphor 45 g 1.35 g - More active as adsorbents and
1 g / 1 mL, 100% tincture Soap 60 g 1.8 g protectives when in contact with
Alcohol as solvent, potent, too Rosemary oil 10 mL 0.3 mL inflamed area
bitter tasting Alcohol 700 mL 21 mL - Suspended readily and settle slowly
Preparation: Water qs ad 1000 mL 30 mL - To increase palatability of the
o Percolation preparation with the use of colloidal
Procedures: suspending agents
o Process A extract is ready
1. Dissolve camphor and rosemary oil in 2. Easily dispersed
for assay
21 mL of alcohol. 3. Uniformly dispersed/distributed
 1. Wet or English 4:2:1
Does not settle easily 2. Dry or Continental same proportion, Procedures:
different order of mixing 1. Dissolve sodium carbonate in 60 mL
3. Bottle or Forbes volatile oils or low hot H2O.
Lotion: colloidal dispersion 1um 0.5 um viscosity oleaginous substances 2. Dissolve alum in 30 mL hot H2O.
Magmas & gels: fine dispersion 0.5-10 um 3. Filter the alum solution in the
Mixtures: fine dispersion > 0.5 um Problems: carbonate solution.
- Creaming 4. Add 60 mL hot H2O with stirring to
Preparation # 27 Chalk mixture - Cracked/Broken allow gas to escape (5 mins).
Formula: OA CA - Phase inversion (w/o -> o/w) 5. Dilute to 1200 mL with cold water.
Prepared chalk (CaCO3) 60 g 0.9 g Method of identification of emulsion: STAND. DECANT.
Glycerin 100 mL 1.5 mL 1. Drop dilution method 6. Suspend residue in 30 mL purified
(viscosity modifier) 2. Dye solubility test water flavored with peppermint oil and
Cinnamon water 400 mL 6 mL a. Sudan red oil preserve with sodium benzoate.
(flavorant) b. Amaranth green water 7. Homogenize the resulting gel.
PH2O qs ad 1000 mL 15 mL 3. Electric conductivity test
4. Fluorescence test Lotion
Procedures: - Liquid suspension or dispersion
1. Triturate chalk in 5 mL water. Preparation # 28 Mineral oil emulsion intended for external application to the
2. Add glycerin and triturate to form a - Cathartic body applied without friction
smooth paste. - o/w - Insoluble matter are finely divided as
3. Add cinnamon water and triturate. particles approaching colloidal
4. Transfer mixture in a graduated Formula: OA dimensions are more soothing to
cylinder. Mineral oil (internal) 500 mL inflamed areas and are more effective
5. Wash mortar with pH2O and add Acacia (emulsifying agent) 125 g in contact with infected surface
rinsing to mixture in the graduated Syrup (sweetening agent) 100 mL
cylinder Vanillin (flavorant) 40 mg Method of preparation:
6. qs ad H2O Alcohol (preservative) 60 mL 1. Triturating ingredients to a smooth
pH2O qs ad (external) 1000 mL paste and then cautiously adding the
Emulsion: two phase system in which one remaining liquid phase (high speed
liquid is dispersed in the form of small Procedures: mixers, homogenizers) Calamine
globules throughout another liquid in which a) Dry gum lotion
it is immiscible 1. Triturate mineral oil. 2. By chemical interaction in the liquid
2. Add acacia in portion and White lotion (freshly prepared and
Components: triturate. does not contain suspending agent)
1. Dispersed 3. Add H2O and triturate.
liquid/Internal/Discontinuous 4. Add syrup in portion with ZnSO4 + K2S3 -> ZnS + 2S + K2SO4
2. Dispersion trituration. - K2S3 sulfurated potash
medium/External/Continuous 5. Dissolve vanillin in alcohol then - ZnS white sulfide
3. Intermediate agent/Emulsifying and portion with trituration.
agent/Dispersing of solubilizing agent 6. Add enough water to make 30 3. Clear solution which the active
mL. ingredient is H2O-soluble
Types of emulsifying agent: b) Wet gum Demethisoquin HCl lotion
1. Natural 1. Triturate acacia.
a. Animal egg yolks, gelatin, 2. Add H2O and continue triturating. Lotions are preferred over semi-solid
casein, wool fat, cholesterol 3. Add oil in portion. preparation because of nongreasy
b. Vegetables acacia, tragacanth, 4. Add syrup in portion. character and high spreadability over
pectin, chondrus, carageenan 5. Dissolve vanillin in alcohol, then large areas of skin.
2. Synthetic and portion with trituration.
a. Finely divided solid Al(OH)3, 6. Add enough H2O to make 30 mL. Preparation # 30 Calamine lotion
Mg(OH)2, Mg trisilicate - Antipruritic
b. Colloid colloidal clays, Gels
bentonite magma, kaolin - Suspension in a water medium of Formula: OA CA
c. Anionic sodium lauryl sulfate insoluble drugs in hydrated from Calamine 80 g 2.4 g
d. Cationic benzalkonium chloride, wherein, the particle size approaches Zinc oxide 80 g 2.4 g
cetylpyridinium chloride or attain colloidal dimension Glycerin 20 mL 0.6 mL
e. Non-ionic sorbitan esters and - Thixotropy Bentonite magma 250 mL 7.5 mL
polysorbates, PEG 400, spans - Have very fine particle size to achieve Ca(OH)2 top. 1000 mL 30 mL
and tweens large surface thus maximum soln. qs ad
f. Amphoteric lecithin (used in IV; absorption capacity
fat emulsions) - May contain peppermint oil, glycerin, Procedures:
Anionic, Cationic, Non-ionic Wetting sorbitol, sucrose, saccharin or other 1. Dilute bentonite magma with an equal
agents suitable flavor and preservative in a volume of Ca(OH)2 topical solution.
total amount of not exceeding 0.5% 2. Mix calamine and ZnO alternately with
Types of emulsion: glycerin to form a smooth paste.
1. Simple: o/w or w/o Preparation # 29 Aluminum hydroxide gel 3. Add 7.5 mL of diluted magma.
2. Multiple: w/o/w, o/w/o Formula OA CA 4. Triturate and add the remaining
3. Microemulsion: 100 A 1000 A Ammonium alum 800 g 12 g magma.
10 millimicrons 100 millimicrons Sodium carbonate 1000 g 15 g 5. Add enough Ca(OH)2 topical solution
1 A = 0.1 nm Peppermint oil 0.01% 0.01% - 1 gtt to complete the volume.
Sodium benzoate 0.1% 0.1%
Method of preparation: pH2O 2000 mL 30 mL DissoTri