FORMULAS (PHYS-270)

m m
0 1.26 x10 6 H / m , g 9.8 , c 3 x10 8
s2 s
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Simple Harmonic Motion

2
x(t ) x m cos( t ) , 2 f ,
T
dy dv
k m 2 , FNET ma , v , a
dt dt

v 2 2 xm 2 x 2
m l
Tspring 2 , T pendul 2
k g

1 1 1
E U (t ) K (t ) k x (t ) 2 mv(t ) 2 , Pavg v 2 x m
2 2 2

Harmonic Waves

y ( x, t ) y m sin(k x t ) , v ,
T k
m B
v ( wave in a string ) , , v ( sound wave)
L

y ( x, t ) 2 y m sin( k x ) cos( t ) ( s tan ding wave)

ab a b
sin( a ) sin(b) 2 sin cos
2 2
I
(10dB ) log , where I 0 10 12 W , ( decibel scale)
I0

v sound u det ector

f beat f 1 f 2 f' f ( Doppler effect )
v sound u source

P P
I , I , ( Intensity po int source )
A 4 r 2

Electromagnetic waves

1
 E m2 c
I , E c B, , I I 0 cos 2 ( ) (polarization)
2 c o v

E E m sin( k x t )

2I
p (radiation pressure: total reflection)
c

Interference-Diffraction

d sin m (double slit maxima also diffraction grating maxima)

d sin (2m 1) (double slit minima)
2
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a sin m (rectangular slit diffraction minima)

sin
2 a sin( )
I I o (intensity single slit),


sin 1 1.22 (cicular slit of diameter d, first minimum),
d

R 1.22 (Rayleighs Criterion: Resolution)
d
2
sin
I I o cos 2 Intensity in double slit with diffraction

d sin( )


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Optics

1 sin 1 2 sin 2 (Snells Law)

1 1 1 i
For lenses and mirrors , m (magnification),
p i f p

h
m
h

2
 1 1 1
( n 1)( ) (thin lens in air)
f r1 r 2

n1 n2 n2 n1
(spherical refractive surface)
p i R
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Thermal Physics

L a L T (linear thermal expansion)

Q m c T , Q mL

E int Q W

P net rad A (T 4 env T 4 ) , max T 2.90 x10 3 m K

Q T Q T L
Pcond k A , or I cond , where Rth (thermal
t x t A Rth k
resistance)
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